Reproductive Success of Yakima Spring ChinookMOLECULAR GENETICS WORKSHOPDECEMBER 2016

Acknowledgementsu Cle Elum Hatchery

u Bill Bosch, Yakama Nationu CRITFC

u Shawn Narumu Peter Galbreathu Lab Support: Vanessa Morman

Restoration of High Risk Fish Populations

u Controlling harvestu Habitat protection & rehabilitationu Artificial propagation

u Risks associated with hatchery rearing

Integrated Vs. Segregated Hatcheries

u Waters et al. 2015: Integrated lines exhibit reduced genetic divergence from wild population.

u Can integrated hatchery programs be used to increase long-term natural production?

Segregated program

Hatchery Nature

Integrated program

Hatchery Nature

CERSFu Cle Elum Supplementation & Research Facility

(CERSF)u Goal: developed in 1997 to assess integrated

population enhancement strategies for spring Chinook Salmon.

u Fully integrated hatchery program.uBroodstock collected at Roza Dam.

u All returning hatchery-origin adults are allowed to spawn in the wild.

Yakima River Basin, Washington

Use DNA to reconstruct genetic pedigrees from 3 types of matings:

99 01 02 03 04 05 0998 00 13

34

5

Methods

1797

Wild x Wild (WxW)Hatchery x Wild (HxW)Hatchery x Hatchery (HxH)

Using Parentage Analysis, to test:u Are there differences in reproductive success between wild and hatchery-reared

fish spawning in nature?u Do hatchery-reared fish spawning in nature reduce the fitness of the wild

population?u Schroder et al. 2008; 2010: Breeding success is equivalent for wild & hatchery-

origin males & females when spawning in a controlled environment (first generation F1s from the CERF program).

Preliminary Resultsu Preliminary analysis of adult returns from 2011 & 2012 that assign to

parents spawning in 2007.

0.930.92

0.94

0.96

0.90

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

female male overall jacks

Ha

t RS/

Na

t RS

Successful Adults 2007

0.93 0.96 0.960.78

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

female male overall jacks

Ha

t RS/

Na

t RS

All Possible Adults 2007

0.95

0.870.91 0.92

0.800.850.900.951.00

female male overall jacks

Ha

t RS/

Na

t RS

Successful Crosses HxH Vs. NxN0.99

0.950.98

0.92

0.85

0.90

0.95

1.00

female male overall jacks

Ha

t RS/

Na

t RS

Successful Crosses HxN Vs. NxN

Precocious Male Maturationu Larsen et al (2013): Large proportion of hatchery-origin

males are maturing as Age 2 minijacks or Age 3 jacks. u Integrated programs produce ~30-70% minijacks.u Why is this a problem?

Ø Ecological impactsØ Genetic impacts

Ø Loss of adult production

Ø Alter accuracy of Smolt-to-adult (SAR) return rates

Ø Potential source of domestication

u Minijacks have been implicated in the low RRS of Wenatchee Basin hatchery fish spawning in the wild (Ford et al. 2012).

“Sharpie”

Minijack

Jack

Age-4

Age-5

Photo Courtesy of Peter Galbreath

Conclusions & Future Directionsu Slight decrease (although not statistically significant) in reproductive success of

hatchery-origin fish compared to wild-origin.u Hatchery-reared fish spawning in the wild do not seem to reduce the fitness of the wild

population. u Cle Elum Mini Jack Study:

u Various age crosses were made for Cle Elum broodstock in (BY) 2014, 2015 and 2016.

u Objective: test for an effect of male and/or female parent age on the proportion of minjacksamong their male progeny.u Prediction: parents that have matured at a younger age will have higher numbers of minjacks

among their male progeny (i.e. genetic effects).