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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Philippine Statistics Authority

ISSN-2012-0486

ISSN-2012-0486

TERMS OF USE Trends in Agricultural Wage Rates is a publication of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). The PSA reserves exclusive right to reproduce this publication in whatever form. Should any portion of this publication be included in a report/article, the title of the publication and the PSA should be cited as the source of the data. The PSA will not be responsible for any information derived from the processing of data contained in this publication.

ISSN-2012-0486 December 2016

Please direct technical inquiries to the Agricultural Accounts Division, Macroeconomic Accounts Service, Sectoral Statistics Office Philippine Statistics Authority

16/f Cyberpod Centris 3, EDSA corner Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines, Telephone (632) 376-1954

Email: [email protected]

Website: www.psa.gov.ph

http://www.psa.gov.ph/

i

FOREWORD

The “Trends in Agricultural Wage Rates” is an annual publication of the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). The report contains the results of the 2015 Agricultural Labor Survey (ALS). It presents the wage rates statistics in the agriculture sector covering palay, corn, coconut and sugarcane farms.

Wage rate statistics have national and regional disaggregation and are presented by

type of labor i.e. man-labor, man-animal and man-machine, by farm activity and by basis of payment. Wage rate indices are computed using 2006 as the base year. This publication also includes information on labor utilization per hectare by crop and extent of women’s participation in farming activities.

The PSA appreciates the cooperation of the farmer-respondents who were

interviewed by our Provincial Statistical Office (PSO) personnel during the conduct of the survey.

We welcome comments and suggestions from our various data users and stakeholders for further enhancement of the report.

LISA GRACE S. BERSALES, Ph.D. National Statistician and Civil Registrar General

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page FOREWORD i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii LIST OF TABLES iii EXPLANATORY NOTES viii HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FINDINGS 1

Wage Rate Indices 1 Male-Female Wage Rate Differential 1 Average Daily Wage Rate for Man-Labor by Basis of Payment 3 Average Daily Wage Rate for All Types of Labor by Basis of Payment 4 Average Daily Wage Rate by Farm Activity 4 Average Labor Utilization by Source 5 Distribution of Hired Workers by Terms of Payment 6 Women's Participation in Farming Activities 7

STATISTICAL TABLES 8

iii

List of Tables

Table No.

Title Page

1 Agriculture: Wage rate index by region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 9

2 Palay: Wage rate index by region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 10

3 Corn: Wage rate index by region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 10

4 Coconut: Wage rate index by region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 11

5 Sugarcane: Wage rate index by region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 11

6 Agriculture: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex

and region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 12

7 Agriculture: Male-Female daily nominal wage rate differential by

region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015 12

8 Palay: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015

13

9 Palay: Male-Female daily nominal wage rate differential by region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015

13

10 Corn: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015

14

11 Corn: Male-Female daily nominal wage rate differential by region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015

14

12 Coconut: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013 - 2015

15

iv

Table No.

Title Page

13 Coconut: Male-Female daily nominal wage rate differential by


14 Sugarcane: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex


15 Sugarcane: Male-Female daily nominal wage rate differential by


16 Agriculture: Daily real wage rates of farm workers by sex


17 Agriculture: Male-Female daily real wage rate differential by


18 Palay: Daily real wage rates of farm workers by sex and region,

Philippines, 2013 - 2015 18

19 Palay: Male-Female daily real wage rate differential by region,


20 Corn: Daily real wage rates of farm workers by sex and region,


21 Corn: Male-Female daily real wage rate differential by region,


22 Coconut: Daily real wage rates of farm workers by sex and region,


23 Coconut: Male-Female daily real wage rate differential by region,


24 Sugarcane: Daily real wage rates of farm workers by sex and


25 Sugarcane: Male-Female daily real wage rate differential by region,

Philippines, 2013 – 2015

21

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Table No.

Title Page

26 Agriculture: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

22

27 Palay: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

23

28 Corn: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

23

29 Coconut: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

24

30 Sugarcane: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

24

31 Agriculture: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

25

32 Palay: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

26

33 Corn: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

26

34 Coconut: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

27

35 Sugarcane: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

27

36 Agriculture: Average wage rates of farm workers by basis of payment and farm activity, Philippines, 2015

28

37 Palay: Average wage rates of farm workers by basis of payment and farm activity, Philippines, 2015

29

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Table No.

Title Page

38 Corn: Average wage rates of farm workers by basis of payment and farm activity, Philippines, 2015

30

39 Coconut: Average wage rates of farm workers by basis of payment and farm activity, Philippines, 2015

31

40 Sugarcane: Average wage rates of farm workers by basis of payment and farm activity, Philippines, 2015

32

41 Palay: Average number of mandays per hectare by source of labor, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

33

42 Palay: Percentage distribution of labor by source, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

33

43 Palay: Average number of mandays per hectare by farm activity, source of labor and sex, Philippines, 2015

34

44 Corn: Average number of mandays per hectare by source of labor, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

35

45 Corn: Percentage distribution of labor by source, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

35

46 Corn: Average number of mandays per hectare by farm activity, source of labor and sex, Philippines, 2015

36

47 Coconut: Average number of mandays per hectare by source of labor, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

37

48 Coconut: Percentage distribution of labor by source, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

37

49 Coconut: Average number of mandays per hectare by farm activity, source of labor and sex, Philippines, 2015

38

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Table No.

Title Page

50 Sugarcane: Average number of mandays per hectare by source of labor, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

39

51 Sugarcane: Percentage distribution of labor by source, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

39

52 Sugarcane: Average number of mandays per hectare by farm activity, source of labor and sex, Philippines, 2015

40

53 Percentage distribution of hired workers by terms of payment, crop, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

41

54 Percentage of farm households employing hired workers by farm activity, crop and sex, Philippines, 2015

43

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EXPLANATORY NOTES

1. The surveys for palay and corn are conducted semi-annually in the months of January

and July. The results are consolidated on an annual basis. The surveys for coconut and sugarcane are done annually in the month of January.

2. Various types of arrangements are being practiced in the payment of wages in

agriculture. These are referred to as "basis of payment" in this report. Wages by "basis of payment" may take the following forms: prevailing daily wage rate, wage per hectare or wage per sack. Wages can also be paid according to the stipulation in a contract or verbal agreement. Depending on the contract or agreement between the operator and the farm laborer, the latter may perform one or more farming activities for an agreed amount.

Farm operators may pay laborers based on either number of rows covered or number of bundles or pieces of input/output handled. Sharing arrangements between the operator and the laborer are likewise observed. An example of this would be a 70:30 percent sharing in the production. The quantity involved in the arrangement is converted to cash equivalent by multiplying the quantity shared by the prevailing farmgate price of the produce. Whatever mode of payment is employed, this is translated into average wage rate per day to allow wage rates comparisons.

3. Wages paid in cash or in kind are converted into daily wage rate equivalents using the reported mandays and total wages paid to farm workers.

Cash payment - refers to the actual amount of cash paid according to the agreed basis of payment. Payment in kind - refers to the peso equivalent of the quantity of production paid for the work done.

4. Number of mandays per hectare is derived as follows:

Mandays per hectare = Mandays of labor

Area harvested

ix

where:

5. Type of labor distinguishes farm activities done by man, man-animal, man- machine or combination of man, animal and machine labor.

6. Source of labor takes into account the type of worker who participates or renders services in the farm operation. This includes operator, family, and hired labor.

7. The report differentiates nominal from real wage rate. Nominal wage rate is the amount of wage a farm worker actually received and is measured at current prices.

Nominal Wage Rate for Palay and Corn Farm Workers - is the average nominal wage rate for palay and corn farm workers during two reference periods (January-June and July-December) in a given reference year. This is computed as follows:

where:

NWRt = nominal wage rate of a given year NWRs1 = nominal wage rate for January-June NWRs2 = nominal wage rate for July-December

Real Wage Rate - is the nominal or money wage deflated by the consumer price index and is computed as:

where:

RWRt = real wage rate of a given year NWRt = nominal wage rate of a given year CPIt = Consumer Price Index of a given year

Mandays of labor

= [(No. of workers) x (No. of days worked) x (No. of hours worked per day)]

8 hours

NWRt = NWRs1+NWRs2

2

RWRt = NWRt

CPIt

x 100%

x

8. Nominal Wage Rate Indices (NWRI) - refer to the ratio of nominal wage rate of a given reference year to the nominal wage rate of the base year (2006) expressed in percent. Real Wage Rate Indices (RWRI) - refer to the ratio of real wage rate of a given reference year to the nominal wage rate of the base year (2006) expressed in percent. These indices are computed by using the formula:

%100 x WR

WR WRI

o

t

where:

WRt = wage rate of a given year WRo = wage rate of the base year

9. To arrive at the composite index for agriculture, wage relatives by sector or

commodity are multiplied by the corresponding weights. For purposes of establishing agricultural wage rate indices (WRIA), only farms used in the production of palay, corn, coconut and sugarcane obtained from the 2002 Census of Agriculture (CA) are considered in the computation of weights. Thus:

where: qi = weight for ith crop

Ni = number of farms for ith crop N = total number of farms for the four crops

Note that: qi = qp + qc + qcn + qs = 1

qi

= Ni

N

p, palay c, corn cn, coconut s, sugarcane

I =

xi

The wage rate index for agriculture is computed as follows: WRIA = qi WRi

10. Blank spaces in cells in the statistical tables indicate that there is no report for a particular data item.

11. Data on mandays may not add up to total due to rounding off of figures.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE FINDINGS

Wage Rate Indices (Tables 1-5)

The country’s nominal wage rate index in agriculture increased to 161.80 percent in 2015. This means that the wage rate received by agricultural workers in 2015 was higher by 61.80 index points from the 2006 wage rate. By region, Cagayan Valley had the biggest wage rate index of 193.30 percent or a wage gain of 93.30 index points in 2015 from the base year record. Caraga came next with 78.10 index point increase. The lowest wage increments among the regions were noted in ARMM, Western Visayas, Northern Mindanao and MIMAROPA where indices ranged from 150.80 percent to 155.40 percent.

In 2015, the nominal wage rate of palay farm workers was 69.90 index points bigger

than in 2006. Wage rate of corn farm workers was up by 65.30 index points. Wage gains of coconut and sugarcane farm workers were 44.00 index points and 42.40 index points, respectively.

In real terms, the national agricultural wage rate index in 2015 was estimated at

114.40 percent which indicates that real wage rate in 2015 was above 2006 record by 14.40 index points. Except for ARMM, all regions recorded real wage rate indices above 100 percent. The highest real wage rate index was recorded in Cagayan Valley at 134.30 percent or a real wage increase of 34.30 index points. This followed by Ilocos Region at 125.00 percent. On the other hand, Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga Peninsula and Western Visayas registered the least indices ranging from 101.60 percent to 104.50 percent in 2015.

The real wage rate of palay farm workers in 2015 grew by 22.00 index points and

that of corn farm workers by 16.80 index points from the 2006 records. Minimal real wage increments were noted for coconut farm workers at 1.80 index points and sugarcane farm workers at 0.70 index point.

Male-Female Wage Rate Differential (Tables 6-25)

Nationwide, the nominal wage rate of agricultural workers averaged P267.47 per day in 2015. The average wage rate of male farm workers was P271.45 per day and it was P21.24 higher than what was paid to female farm workers at P250.21 per day. Across regions, daily nominal wage rates ranged from P224.31 in Central Visayas to P365.37 in Central Luzon. The wage rate received by male farm workers was biggest in Central Luzon at P366.88 per day while lowest in Central Visayas at P230.75 per day. On the other hand, wage rate paid to the female farm workers was highest in Caraga at 299.41 per day. It was least in ARMM where females got P161.04 per day.

-

2

The regional male-female daily wage differential was wider in ARMM at P92.84 and CALABARZON at 83.05. Wage differential was smaller in Zamboanga Peninsula at P8.83 per day.

In 2015, palay farm workers got the highest nominal wage rate at P296.72 per day.

Wage rates per day paid to male and female farm laborers were P301.12 and P278.29, respectively. This corresponded to a wage differential of P22.83 per day. At the regional level, daily nominal wage rates were biggest in Central Luzon at P383.54 and Cagayan Valley at P380.12. The lowest was reported in Central Visayas at P235.00. The wage rates of the male and female farm workers were both highest in Cagayan Valley and Central Luzon. In Cagayan Valley, the wage rates were P389.37 per day for males and P350.79 per day for females. Correspondingly, daily wage rates were P386.90 and P367.35 in Central Luzon. In contrast, regional wage rates per day of palay farm workers were lowest in Central and Eastern Visayas at averages of P235.00 and P236.29, respectively. Males received the lowest daily wage rates of P237.75 in Eastern Visayas and P238.70 in Central Visayas. Their respective female wage rates were likewise lowest at P231.66 and P226.42. Wage differential among regions was biggest in Cagayan Valley at P38.58 per day. It was lower in CALABARZON at P3.52 per day.

The nominal wage rate of corn farm laborers averaged P245.60 per day in 2015. Male farm laborers received P251.40 per day. This was P22.95 higher than the wage rate of female laborers at P228.45 per day. Among regions, Central Luzon’s corn farm laborers enjoyed the biggest daily wage rate averaged P357.03. The region’s wage rate for the male workers was the highest at P354.09 per day. Meanwhile, Cagayan Valley posted the biggest wage rate of female workers at P279.01 per day. The lowest daily nominal wage rate received by corn farm workers was noted in Davao Region at P196.95, where wage rates of males and females were the least among the regions at P199.46 and P184.16, respectively. Wage differential among male and female workers was bigger in Central Luzon at P86.53 per day. The lowest wage differential at P1.35 was estimated in SOCCSKSARGEN.

In 2015, coconut farm laborers were paid the lowest nominal wage rate at P239.27 per day. The male farm workers received payment of P239.31 per day which was P4.87 higher than the wage rate of their female counterparts at P234.44 per day. By region, wage rate topped in Central Luzon at P345.25 per day which was the wage rate received by the male coconut farm laborers. For the females, wage rate was higher in Caraga at P280.00. On the other hand, the lowest payment for coconut farm workers was reported in SOCCSKSARGEN at P214.78 per day where the males received lower wage rate at P213.77 compared to what was paid to their female counterpart at P232.57. In addition, female’s wage rate at around P230 per day was recorded each in MIMAROPA, Western Visayas and Zamboanga Peninsula. Male and female wage differential was biggest in MIMAROPA at P28.13 per day and Davao Region at P27.25 per day. The lowest was estimated in Central Visayas at P0.03 per day.

3

In sugarcane farms, the daily nominal wage rate averaged P262.29 in 2015. The

wage rate of male farm workers at P267.69 per day was up by P46.70 from the wage rate of female farm workers at P220.98 per day. Among regions, Ilocos Region had the biggest daily wage rate at P332.92 per day and this was paid to the male sugarcane farm workers. Daily wage rates of the females were highest in Central Luzon at P284.78 and CALABARZON at P284.62. Low wage rates were reported in Northern Mindanao at an average of P234.58 per day and this ranged from P190.17 for the females to P236.28 for the males. Its wage differential was the biggest at P46.11 per day. Central Luzon came next where wage differential was estimated at P44.70 per day.

In real terms, the average wage rate received by agricultural laborers in 2015 was

P189.03 per day. In particular, the daily wage rates paid to male and female farm laborers corresponded to P191.84 and P176.82. Wage differential was P15.02 per day. Across regions, the highest real wage rate was noted in Central Luzon averaged P257.12 per day. The region recorded the biggest daily wage rates of the males at P258.18 and the females, at P204.05. Wage differential was P54.13 per day. The biggest daily wage differentials were noted in CALABARZON and ARMM at P59.45 and P59.36, respectively.

Palay farm laborers reported the highest real wage rate at P209.70 per day in 2015. Laborers in sugarcane farms received P185.36 per day while those in corn farms were paid P173.57 per day. On the other hand, coconut farm laborers got the lowest real wage rate at P169.10 per day. The estimated daily real wage differentials were P33.01 in sugarcane farms, P16.22 in corn farms, P16.14 in palay farms and P3.44 in coconut farms with male laborers receiving higher wage rates than their female counterparts.

Average Daily Wage Rate for Man-Labor by Basis of Payment (Tables 26-30)

In 2015, the average wage rate received by agricultural workers on a daily basis was P240.14. By region, Central Luzon posted the biggest wage rate averaged P350.65 per day. The lowest was noted in Central Visayas at P205.43 per day.

On a per hectare basis, the national wage rate paid to agricultural workers averaged P309.01 per day. This ranged from P199.46 per day in Western Visayas to P563.33 per day in ARMM.

In terms of wage rate per sack, farm workers received an average of P275.83 per day. The regional wage rate was low in Central Luzon at P138.82 per day and high in Cagayan Valley at P471.92 per day.

4

On payment by contract, the daily wage rate nationwide averaged P272.42. Across regions, daily wage rates ranged from P193.83 in Central Visayas to P503.96 in Bicol Region.

Based on sharing arrangement, agricultural workers received an average wage rate

of P296.87 per day. By region, farm laborers in ARMM reported the highest daily wage rate at P334.33. In contrast, farm laborers in Central Visayas had the lowest wage rate at P166.75 per day.

Countrywide, palay farm workers got the highest wage rate at P349.89 per day

when payment was based on sharing arrangement. Corn and sugarcane farm workers received the biggest daily wage rates corresponding to P342.05 and P295.28 when paid on a per hectare basis. Coconut farmers were paid the highest wage rate at P388.07 per day on a per sack basis.

Average Daily Wage Rate for All Types of Labor by Basis of Payment (Tables 31-35)

The country’s agricultural wage rates for all types of labor (man, man-animal and man-machine) averaged P329.25 per day. The highest daily wage rate was reported in Central Luzon at P638.38 and the lowest was noted in Zamboanga Peninsula Region at P256.60.

By basis of payment, agricultural workers received higher wage rate at P445.35 per day when paid on a per hectare basis. Meanwhile, those who were paid on a daily basis got the lowest wage rate at P249.60.

At the national level, palay farm workers were given the highest wage rate at

P637.21 per day when paid in terms of sharing arrangement. On a per hectare basis, corn and sugarcane farm workers earned the biggest daily wage rates at P805.36 and P594.80, respectively. When payment was made on a per sack basis, coconut farm workers received the biggest wage rate at P415.24 per day.

Average Daily Wage Rate by Farm Activity (Tables 36–40)

Generally, farm activities performed by man-machine labor were paid higher daily wage rates. In particular, farm activities such as land preparation, plowing, harrowing and furrowing performed by man and machine labor were paid the biggest daily wage rates ranging from P1,092.97 to P3317.89. Hauling done by man and machine (vehicle) labor was also paid higher at P2,608.70 per day. Furrowing was given the highest payment at P560.94 per day utilizing man and animal labor and P426.09 employing the services of man alone. Bigger daily wage rates varying

5

from P312.33 to P340.06 were noted for harvesting, threshing, hilling-up and levelling when done by man labor.

In palay farms, hauling done by man, animal and machine was the biggest paid farm

activity at P1, 584.55 per day. Land preparation employing the services of man and machine labor posted the biggest wage rate at P1,092.97 per day. For man labor alone, harvesting had the highest payment at P391.19.

Plowing, harrowing and furrowing activities using man and machine labor in corn farms recorded the highest wage rates per day ranging from P1,362.29 to P 2,130.81. Similarly, the wage rate for furrowing was also bigger when performed by man labor at P370.09 per day. Hauling done by man and animal labor was paid highest at P489.47 per day.

In coconut farms, hauling employing the services of man-machine and man-animal labor was given the biggest daily wage rates at P465.83 and P326.72, respectively. Among the farm activities performed by man, chemical application indicated the biggest wage rate at P313.04 per day.

In sugarcane farms, the biggest daily wage rates using man-machine labor were

recorded in plowing, harrowing and furrowing corresponding to P4,871.33, P3,881.30 and P5,273.48. Plowing and harrowing involving man and animal labor were provided with higher payment at P890.67 per day and P896.00 per day, respectively. The wage rate for furrowing done by man alone was bigger at P751.78 per day. The hilling-up in sugarcane farms was given high wage rate at P347.07 per day.

Average Labor Utilization by Source (Table 41-52)

At the national level, labor utilization in palay farms averaged 58.65 mandays per hectare while this was 46.73 mandays per hectare in corn farms. Sugarcane farms had bigger labor requirement at 62.99 mandays per hectare. The least labor input was observed in coconut farms at 17.42 mandays per hectare.

In palay farms, male workers contributed 80.11 percent in the total labor input and

19.89 percent were provided by female workers. By source of labor, hired labor accounted for 79.83 percent while operator and family labor comprised 9.74 percent and 10.43 percent, respectively. By farm activity, harvesting required the biggest number of mandays at 14.67 per hectare followed by planting/transplanting at 10.58 mandays per hectare.

Male workers in corn farms comprised 79.15 percent and the rest at 20.85 percent

were female workers. About 72.31 percent of workers in corn farms were hired labor, 11.99 percent were operator labor and 15.69 percent constituted the family

6

labor. Labor usage in corn farms was biggest in harvesting requiring 11.52 mandays per hectare. This was followed by care of crops at 8.04 mandays per hectare.

Workers in coconut farms were dominated by males comprising 97.63 percent

while females shared only 2.37 percent. Hired workers were the major sources of labor in coconut farming as they accounted for 82.99 percent in the total number of mandays. The rest of the labor came from family and operator labor at 11.17 percent and 5.84 percent, respectively. Harvesting activity required bigger labor utilization at 5.42 mandays per hectare. Hauling of coconut came next at 3.85 mandays per hectare.

Majority of the sugarcane farm workers at 89.27 percent were males while only 10.73 percent were females. The bulk of the labor input came from hired labor who shared 95.90 percent while the remaining 4.10 percent were provided by the operator and family labor. The most labor intensive farm activity was harvesting requiring 28.28 mandays per hectare followed by manual weeding at 10.35 mandays per hectare.

Distribution of Hired Workers by Terms of Payment (Table 53)

Nationwide, majority of the hired agricultural workers at 77.45 percent were paid in cash and 20.17 percent received in kind payment. Among those who received cash payment, 66.21 percent were males and 11.24 percent were females. At the regional level, ARMM recorded the biggest percentage of hired workers who received cash payment at 91.85 percent. Meanwhile, Central Visayas had 38.38 percent of the hired workers who were paid in kind.

In palay farms, about 66.88 percent of farm workers were paid on a cash basis.

Of these hired workers, 56.82 percent constituted the males and 10.06 percent represented the females. Hired workers who received in kind payment were 28.96 percent. By region, ARMM indicated 90.87 percent of their palay farm workers who got payment in cash. About 81 to 83 percent were reported in CAR and Zamboanga Peninsula receiving cash payment. On the other hand, there were 52.54 percent in SOCCSKSARGEN whose wages were in kind.

About 87.94 percent of the laborers in corn farms received cash payments.

Majority at 71.73 percent of the workers were males and 16.21 percent were females. Laborers who were paid in kind comprised 11.98 percent. Eleven out of the sixteen regions had bigger percentage of hired workers ranging from 90.08 percent in Cagayan Valley to 98.95 percent in CALABARZON who were paid in cash. Those who received in kind payment were biggest in Western Visayas at 40.21 percent and Central Visayas at 59.00 percent.

7

In coconut farms, there were 95.03 percent of hired workers who received wages in cash. These workers were dominated by males at 94.00 percent while 1.03 percent were females. Only 4.96 percent received payment in kind. At the regional level, all coconut farm laborers in CALABARZON, MIMAROPA, Bicol Region, Davao Region, SOCCSKSARGEN and Caraga were paid on cash basis. Only fewer regions reported being paid in kind. However, Cagayan Valley had the biggest proportion at 56.10 percent of the workers who got payment in kind basis.

Cash payment was received by 97.32 percent of the sugarcane farm workers.

The proportion of male workers was 84.55 percent and females, at 12.77 percent. Only 2.63 percent were paid in kind. Across regions, sugarcane farm workers whose payments were solely on cash basis were reported in Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, CALABARZON, Western Visayas, Eastern Visayas, Northern Mindanao and Davao Region. In contrast, Ilocos Region reported 29.01 percent of their hired workers who were given in kind payment.

Women’s Participation in Farming Activities (Table 54)

In palay farms, employment of female workers was highly observed in pulling and bundling of seedlings and picking of snails as cited by 39.28 percent and 33.33 percent, respectively, of the farm households. Women participation was also noted high in planting/transplating/replanting with 25.68 percent of the farm households reporting. Female labor was least in plowing, irrigation/watering and chemical application as mentioned by only less than one percent.

Female involvement in corn farming was mostly on harvesting and planting/transplanting/replanting. Correspondingly, these were noted by 37.15 percent and 35.44 percent of the farm households. There were 21.37 percent to 28.85 percent who hired the services of women in manual and mechanical weeding, fertilizer application, care of seedlings, husking/detasseling of corn. In contrast, less than one percent of the farm households indicated female labor in furrowing and plowing.

In coconut farms, female workers were involved only in few farming activities.

The percentage of farm households reporting female labor ranged from 1.77 percent for splitting of nuts to 6.67 percent for removal of coconut meat.

Likewise, there was minimal participation of women in sugarcane farming.

About 26.47 percent of the farm households employed the females in manual weeding while 20.91 percent involved females in fertilizer application. Only 4.55 percent indicated female labor in cutting of planting materials activity.

STATISTICAL TABLES

10

Table 3. Corn: Wage rate index by region, Philippines, 2013-2015

(2006 = 100)

PHILIPPINES 148.59 140.30 149.80 165.30 104.70 107.40 116.80

CAR 167.56 149.70 165.20 177.00 113.00 120.30 127.00

Ilocos Region 164.20 159.30 166.60 168.70 125.60 125.70 125.60

Cagayan Valley 151.68 166.60 181.00 188.00 122.80 128.30 130.60

Central Luzon 188.99 172.40 180.90 188.90 127.30 128.90 132.90

CALABARZON 181.84 137.40 160.10 163.80 103.10 115.50 117.30

MIMAROPA 156.33 149.90 154.50 162.70 109.60 108.20 112.30

Bicol Region 136.74 149.70 157.80 167.50 109.30 109.40 115.00

Western Visayas 145.33 138.20 145.20 148.60 100.90 101.30 101.30

Central Visayas 134.54 130.80 141.70 147.30 97.00 100.10 102.10

Eastern Visayas 132.29 135.50 144.90 182.30 97.10 97.10 120.00

Zamboanga Peninsula 138.15 140.40 148.10 156.80 99.00 98.80 102.10

Northern Mindanao 145.72 130.70 133.90 136.70 90.50 88.80 89.40

Davao Region 139.88 124.90 133.30 140.80 89.20 91.80 94.50

SOCCSKSARGEN 139.02 139.70 152.00 156.80 98.90 102.40 104.10

Caraga 151.43 150.80 166.50 176.30 101.90 106.90 110.50

ARMM 163.79 134.50 141.80 154.60 91.80 93.00 98.90

REGION

AVERAGE

WAGE RATE

PER DAY (P)

2006

NOMINAL WAGE RATE INDEX (%) REAL WAGE RATE INDEX (%)

2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

Table 2. Palay: Wage rate index by region, Philippines, 2013-2015

(2006=100)

PHILIPPINES 171.87 150.90 160.80 169.90 112.60 115.20 122.00

CAR 169.47 151.70 161.20 164.90 114.50 117.30 118.30

Ilocos Region 189.91 157.70 166.60 178.80 124.40 125.70 133.10

Cagayan Valley 178.01 175.10 199.90 213.50 129.10 141.70 148.40

Central Luzon 221.29 159.60 166.00 175.40 117.80 118.30 122.00

CALABARZON 206.55 150.50 159.20 165.00 113.00 114.90 117.70

MIMAROPA 181.88 150.80 155.60 161.10 110.30 109.00 111.20

Bicol Region 157.66 155.50 164.80 172.70 113.50 114.30 118.80

Western Visayas 162.41 141.10 150.20 157.60 103.00 104.80 107.40

Central Visayas 128.67 166.80 173.80 181.10 123.70 122.70 126.70

Eastern Visayas 140.68 138.40 151.90 167.10 99.20 101.80 110.60



Davao Region 166.84 151.00 163.50 175.10 107.80 112.60 117.30

SOCCSKSARGEN 161.81 162.20 175.10 186.80 114.90 117.90 124.10

Caraga 175.62 157.20 171.10 184.30 106.30 109.90 115.50

ARMM 169.06 151.30 161.70 170.40 103.30 106.10 109.00

AVERAGE

WAGE RATE

PER DAY (P)

2006


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

REGION

11

(2006 = 100)

PHILIPPINES 166.15 131.90 136.70 144.00 98.50 98.00 101.80

Ilocos Region 185.55 177.20 177.50 181.20 139.70 133.90 134.90

Cagayan Valley 175.79 156.00 156.20 159.70 115.00 110.70 111.00

Central Luzon 224.62 138.10 144.50 153.70 102.00 103.00 108.20

CALABARZON 203.92 150.60 151.30 156.80 113.10 109.20 112.20

MIMAROPA 171.04 142.50 150.00 150.50 104.30 105.00 104.00

Bicol Region 145.54 135.50 143.00 154.20 98.90 99.10 105.90

Western Visayas 139.46 138.20 152.30 162.70 100.90 106.20 110.90

Central Visayas 140.69 157.50 165.80 168.00 116.80 117.00 116.50

Eastern Visayas 142.66 148.80 164.80 167.10 106.60 110.50 110.00



Davao Region 151.42 165.40 165.40 173.70 118.00 113.90 116.60

SOCCSKSARGEN 169.39 120.00 122.60 126.80 85.00 82.60 84.20

Caraga 182.59 140.80 152.50 163.10 95.20 97.90 102.20

ARMM 165.81 121.90 122.00 131.90 83.20 80.00 84.30

Table 4. Coconut: Wage rate index by region, Philippines, 2013-2015

REGION

AVERAGE

WAGE RATE

PER DAY (P)

2006


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

(2006 = 100)

PHILIPPINES 184.15 130.60 132.00 142.40 97.50 94.60 100.70

CAR

Ilocos Region 193.75 160.30 161.10 171.80 126.40 121.60 127.90

Cagayan Valley 199.33 123.50 124.00 131.80 91.00 87.90 91.60

Central Luzon 221.14 137.10 139.30 147.20 101.20 99.30 103.60

CALABARZON 221.78 130.40 130.80 137.80 97.90 94.40 98.60

MIMAROPA

Bicol Region 160.57 131.60 139.30 146.40 96.00 96.60 100.50

Western Visayas 180.38 124.60 129.50 137.90 91.00 90.40 94.00

Central Visayas 160.05 134.90 145.10 147.00 100.00 102.40 102.00

Eastern Visayas 173.73 127.70 136.40 142.90 91.50 91.40 94.10

Zamboanga Peninsula


Davao Region 200.34 117.60 129.90 134.70 84.00 89.40 90.40

SOCCSKSARGEN 175.14 122.80 135.50 142.60 87.00 91.30 94.70

Caraga

ARMM

Table 5. Sugarcane: Wage rate index by region, Philippines, 2013-2015

REGION

AVERAGE

WAGE RATE

PER DAY (P)

2006


2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015

12

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 233.05 236.34 226.73 249.00 252.59 238.69 267.47 271.45 250.21

CAR 256.31 261.91 249.27 275.10 280.68 264.57 286.25 292.30 270.93

Ilocos Region 300.41 302.68 282.54 305.46 309.66 252.95 317.29 319.87 266.18

Cagayan Valley 288.46 294.61 264.94 309.03 313.49 274.98 327.45 332.99 286.24

Central Luzon 344.50 347.99 315.13 358.75 365.18 270.11 365.37 366.88 289.96

CALABARZON 304.26 304.63 296.01 318.39 318.70 230.88 322.79 323.53 240.48

MIMAROPA 257.85 260.48 234.21 269.55 275.14 244.20 272.65 277.60 246.65

Bicol Region 209.61 210.73 202.42 239.20 242.53 167.42 245.05 247.91 174.34

Western Visayas 218.16 220.24 207.68 233.50 235.72 221.85 241.26 244.89 229.11

Central Visayas 202.06 203.68 188.87 213.83 215.78 199.38 224.31 230.75 216.41

Eastern Visayas 205.70 206.33 197.65 236.40 237.83 168.20 238.80 241.47 170.16

Zamboanga Peninsula 218.78 220.61 201.89 228.44 231.23 218.95 241.10 242.90 234.07

Northern Mindanao 216.27 217.78 195.03 231.26 232.12 208.04 242.70 244.17 230.92

Davao Region 230.16 232.15 209.43 236.88 238.14 222.35 250.38 252.09 235.87

SOCCSKSARGEN 216.45 218.91 208.74 229.16 231.96 221.27 247.27 250.23 238.81

Caraga 258.86 260.50 252.21 282.89 284.13 273.35 310.06 311.63 299.41

ARMM 220.65 222.15 232.48 230.69 234.32 135.13 252.70 253.88 161.04

Table 6. Agriculture: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013-2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE

REGION

2013

FEMALE

2014 2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

13

Table 8. Palay: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013-2015

(in pesos)

PHILIPPINES 259.30 265.36 237.03 276.30 282.10 257.08 296.72 301.12 278.29

CAR 257.04 263.13 249.44 273.12 278.36 263.49 279.37 284.22 268.90

Ilocos Region 299.48 301.94 282.54 316.43 324.79 300.93 339.53 342.57 323.73

Cagayan Valley 311.71 319.16 290.31 355.76 361.31 331.13 380.12 389.37 350.79

Central Luzon 353.09 357.45 316.14 367.34 375.26 332.32 383.54 386.90 367.35

CALABARZON 310.90 311.09 309.22 328.81 328.80 326.66 339.73 340.06 336.54

MIMAROPA 274.22 278.71 245.82 283.03 293.65 260.52 292.97 300.30 266.68

Bicol Region 245.21 248.92 232.99 259.88 265.30 245.49 272.72 276.63 252.97

Western Visayas 229.10 231.13 222.74 243.92 246.22 236.42 255.89 258.60 242.03

Central Visayas 214.69 216.78 206.97 223.59 227.61 219.21 235.00 238.70 226.42

Eastern Visayas 194.66 195.92 192.26 213.67 214.85 211.34 236.29 237.75 231.66



Davao Region 251.91 255.20 237.39 272.73 275.83 264.27 291.69 293.18 285.53

SOCCSKSARGEN 262.46 272.68 236.44 283.32 292.04 262.20 302.30 310.95 275.83

Caraga 275.98 277.72 264.69 300.47 301.91 288.72 323.72 325.15 314.91

ARMM 255.82 256.43 254.19 273.33 273.54 272.01 288.11 289.04 283.31

REGION

2013 2014 2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALEFEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE

14

Philippines, 2013-2015

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 15.40 16.68 22.95

CAR 4.86 24.53 30.43

Ilocos Region 22.36 29.52 25.70

Cagayan Valley 18.24 4.25 9.53

Central Luzon 86.53

CALABARZON 26.88 34.79 36.36

MIMAROPA 43.29 20.69 29.51

Bicol Region 12.10 6.96 14.89

Western Visayas 7.76 10.69 9.73

Central Visayas 4.79 1.21 16.14

Eastern Visayas 14.24 9.65 32.94

Zamboanga Peninsula 13.75 25.08 11.49

Northern Mindanao 5.15 4.44 4.66

Davao Region 11.88 8.90 15.30

SOCCSKSARGEN (2.86) 7.02 1.35

Caraga 14.81 17.45 12.66

ARMM 9.56 16.80 18.93

REGION 2013

Table 11. Corn: Male-Female daily nominal wage rate differential by region,

2014 2015

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 208.52 213.24 197.84 222.64 228.18 211.50 245.60 251.40 228.45

CAR 250.88 252.84 247.98 276.82 284.56 260.03 296.56 304.41 273.98

Ilocos Region 261.61 262.44 240.08 273.56 273.85 244.33 277.03 279.65 253.95

Cagayan Valley 252.63 258.69 240.45 274.50 276.59 272.34 285.15 288.54 279.01

Central Luzon 325.87 325.87 341.87 341.87 357.03 354.09 267.56

CALABARZON 249.77 252.82 225.94 291.04 292.92 258.13 297.91 301.17 264.81

MIMAROPA 234.30 242.58 199.29 241.56 247.00 226.31 254.31 259.72 230.21

Bicol Region 204.71 207.99 195.89 215.83 217.93 210.98 229.04 233.59 218.70

Western Visayas 200.78 203.97 196.21 211.05 215.49 204.81 216.00 219.75 210.02

Central Visayas 176.00 177.82 173.03 190.70 191.17 189.96 198.17 211.59 195.45

Eastern Visayas 179.19 181.37 167.13 191.66 192.84 183.18 241.14 247.76 214.82



Davao Region 174.74 179.26 167.38 186.44 189.98 181.08 196.95 199.46 184.16

SOCCSKSARGEN 194.21 193.08 195.94 211.35 213.70 206.68 217.95 218.78 217.43

Caraga 228.29 233.93 219.12 252.07 259.54 242.09 267.02 271.45 258.79

ARMM 220.32 224.78 215.22 232.32 241.05 224.25 253.28 256.92 237.99

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALEMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXES

2013 2014 2015

Table 10. Corn: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013-2015

REGION

15

Table 12. Coconut: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013-2015

(in pesos)

PHILIPPINES 219.22 219.03 232.44 227.14 227.09 232.65 239.27 239.31 234.44

CAR

Ilocos Region 328.73 328.73 329.36 329.36 336.18 336.18

Cagayan Valley 274.21 274.60 210.67 274.50 278.56 223.53 280.69 280.69

Central Luzon 310.22 310.22 324.55 324.55 345.25 345.25

CALABARZON 307.20 307.43 300.00 308.58 308.58 319.75 319.75

MIMAROPA 243.78 244.44 225.00 256.61 256.93 227.85 257.45 258.45 230.32

Bicol Region 197.21 197.22 192.00 208.11 208.11 224.47 224.47

Western Visayas 192.73 192.89 176.97 212.36 212.36 206.06 226.88 226.84 230.00

Central Visayas 221.65 222.48 197.01 233.24 234.02 219.26 236.39 236.39 236.36

Eastern Visayas 212.22 212.47 201.68 235.09 235.16 233.75 238.32 238.32



Davao Region 250.38 250.88 222.37 250.48 251.14 229.20 263.08 263.96 236.71

SOCCSKSARGEN 203.26 203.26 200.00 207.64 207.50 217.58 214.78 213.77 232.57

Caraga 257.05 257.62 253.64 278.43 278.61 269.50 297.78 297.86 280.00

ARMM 202.18 202.18 202.34 202.34 218.71 218.71

REGION

2013

FEMALEBOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE

2014 2015


(in pesos)

PHILIPPINES (13.41) (5.56) 4.87

CAR

Ilocos Region

Cagayan Valley 63.93 55.03

Central Luzon

CALABARZON 7.43

MIMAROPA 19.44 29.08 28.13

Bicol Region 5.22

Western Visayas 15.92 6.30 (3.16)


Eastern Visayas 10.79 1.41



Davao Region 28.51 21.94 27.25

SOCCSKSARGEN 3.26 (10.08) (18.80)

Caraga 3.98 9.11 17.86

ARMM

2015

Table 13. Coconut: Male-Female daily nominal wage rate differential by region,

REGION 2013 2014

16

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 240.51 245.77 203.86 242.99 246.23 218.00 262.29 267.69 220.98

CAR

Ilocos Region 310.64 310.64 312.15 315.00 258.33 332.92 332.92

Cagayan Valley 246.08 247.62 244.35 247.19 249.00 244.54 262.79 262.88 257.20

Central Luzon 303.14 303.49 266.67 308.13 314.72 274.79 325.42 329.48 284.78

CALABARZON 289.29 289.83 261.24 289.99 292.81 271.84 305.58 305.70 284.62

MIMAROPA

Bicol Region 211.25 211.25 223.67 223.67 235.04 236.96 210.96

Western Visayas 224.72 231.26 192.87 233.66 237.47 201.04 248.79 258.23 218.56

Central Visayas 215.89 222.35 181.10 232.23 235.85 201.04 235.33 243.39 206.72

Eastern Visayas 221.81 228.69 189.87 236.97 240.33 215.92 248.23 252.91 226.79

Zamboanga Peninsula


Davao Region 235.65 239.63 206.14 260.15 261.32 248.31 269.87 272.18 258.62

SOCCSKSARGEN 215.10 216.16 196.01 237.32 238.05 210.00 249.70 252.17 222.49

Caraga

ARMM

REGION

2013

FEMALEBOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE

2014 2015

Table 14. Sugarcane: Daily nominal wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013-2015


(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 41.91 28.23 46.70

CAR

Ilocos Region 56.67


Central Luzon 36.82 39.93 44.70

CALABARZON 28.59 20.97 21.08

MIMAROPA

Bicol Region 26.00




Zamboanga Peninsula


Davao Region 33.49 13.01 13.56

SOCCSKSARGEN 20.15 28.05 29.68

Caraga

ARMM

201520142013REGION

Table 15. Sugarcane: Palay: Male-Female daily nominal wage rate differential by region,

18

Table 18. Palay: Daily real wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013-2015

(in pesos)

PHILIPPINES 193.51 198.03 176.88 198.01 202.16 184.23 209.70 212.81 196.67

CAR 193.99 198.59 188.25 198.83 202.64 191.81 200.41 203.89 192.90

Ilocos Region 236.18 238.12 222.82 238.77 245.08 227.08 252.81 255.08 241.05

Cagayan Valley 229.87 235.37 214.09 252.21 256.14 234.75 264.16 270.58 243.77

Central Luzon 260.77 264.00 233.49 261.83 267.47 236.86 269.91 272.27 258.52

CALABARZON 233.40 233.55 232.15 237.37 237.36 235.82 243.19 243.42 240.90

MIMAROPA 200.60 203.88 179.82 198.17 205.60 182.40 202.33 207.39 184.17

Bicol Region 178.98 181.69 170.07 180.17 183.93 170.19 187.31 189.99 173.74

Western Visayas 167.35 168.83 162.70 170.13 171.74 164.91 174.43 176.28 164.98

Central Visayas 159.14 160.69 153.42 157.85 160.69 154.76 162.97 165.53 157.02

Eastern Visayas 139.54 140.44 137.82 143.24 144.03 141.68 155.56 156.52 152.51



Davao Region 179.81 182.15 169.44 187.78 189.91 181.95 195.77 196.77 191.63

SOCCSKSARGEN 185.87 193.11 167.45 190.82 196.70 176.59 200.73 206.47 183.15

Caraga 186.60 187.78 178.96 192.99 193.91 185.45 202.83 203.73 197.31

ARMM 174.62 175.03 173.51 179.29 179.43 178.42 184.21 184.81 181.14

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXES

2013 2014 2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE

REGION

19

Table 20. Corn: Daily real wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013-2015

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 155.61 159.13 147.64 159.55 163.52 151.57 173.57 177.67 161.45

CAR 189.34 190.82 187.15 201.52 207.15 189.29 212.74 218.37 196.54

Ilocos Region 206.31 206.97 189.34 206.42 206.64 184.37 206.28 208.23 189.09

Cagayan Valley 186.31 190.77 177.32 194.60 196.08 193.07 198.16 200.51 193.89

Central Luzon 240.67 240.67 243.67 243.67 251.25 249.18 188.29

CALABARZON 187.52 189.80 169.62 210.10 211.45 186.34 213.25 215.58 189.56

MIMAROPA 171.40 177.45 145.79 169.13 172.94 158.45 175.63 179.36 158.98

Bicol Region 149.42 151.82 142.99 149.63 151.09 146.26 157.31 160.43 150.21

Western Visayas 146.66 148.99 143.32 147.21 150.31 142.85 147.24 149.80 143.16

Central Visayas 130.47 131.82 128.27 134.63 134.96 134.11 137.43 146.73 135.54

Eastern Visayas 128.45 130.01 119.81 128.48 129.27 122.80 158.75 163.11 141.42



Davao Region 124.73 127.95 119.47 128.36 130.80 124.67 132.18 133.87 123.60

SOCCSKSARGEN 137.54 136.74 138.77 142.34 143.93 139.20 144.72 145.27 144.38

Caraga 154.35 158.17 148.15 161.90 166.70 155.49 167.31 170.08 162.15

ARMM 150.39 153.43 146.91 152.39 158.12 147.10 161.94 164.27 152.17

REGIONMALE

2013 2014 2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE MALE FEMALEFEMALE

BOTH

SEXES

BOTH

SEXES

Table 21. Corn: Male-Female daily real wage rate differential by region,


(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 11.49 11.95 16.22

CAR 3.67 17.86 21.83

Ilocos Region 17.63 22.27 19.14


Central Luzon 60.89

CALABARZON 20.18 25.11 26.02

MIMAROPA 31.66 14.49 20.38

Bicol Region 8.83 4.83 10.22






Davao Region 8.48 6.13 10.27

SOCCSKSARGEN (2.03) 4.73 0.89

Caraga 10.02 11.21 7.93

ARMM 6.52 11.02 12.10

REGION 2013 2014 2015

20


(in pesos)

PHILIPPINES (10.00) (3.98) 3.44

CAR

Ilocos Region

Cagayan Valley 47.15 39.01

Central Luzon

CALABARZON 5.57

MIMAROPA 14.22 20.36 19.43

Bicol Region 3.81

Western Visayas 11.63 4.39 (2.15)


Eastern Visayas 7.74 0.94



Davao Region 20.35 15.10 18.28

SOCCSKSARGEN 2.31 (6.79) (12.48)

Caraga 2.70 5.85 11.19

ARMM

Table 23. Coconut: Male-Female daily real wage rate differential by region,

REGION 2013 2014 2015

21

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 179.49 183.41 152.13 174.13 176.46 156.23 185.36 189.18 156.17

CAR

Ilocos Region 244.98 244.98 235.54 237.69 194.93 247.89 247.89

Cagayan Valley 181.47 182.61 180.20 175.24 176.52 173.36 182.62 182.68 178.74

Central Luzon 223.88 224.14 196.95 219.62 224.32 195.86 229.01 231.86 200.41

CALABARZON 217.18 217.59 196.13 209.34 211.38 196.24 218.74 218.82 203.73

MIMAROPA

Bicol Region 154.20 154.20 155.07 155.07 161.43 162.75 144.89

Western Visayas 164.15 168.93 140.88 162.98 165.64 140.23 169.59 176.02 148.98

Central Visayas 160.04 164.83 134.25 163.96 166.51 141.94 163.20 168.79 143.36

Eastern Visayas 159.00 163.94 136.11 158.85 161.11 144.74 163.42 166.49 149.30

Zamboanga Peninsula


Davao Region 168.20 171.04 147.14 179.12 179.92 170.96 181.12 182.67 173.57

SOCCSKSARGEN 152.34 153.09 138.82 159.84 160.33 141.44 165.81 167.44 147.73

Caraga

ARMM

Table 24. Sugarcane: Daily real wage rates of farm workers by sex and region, Philippines, 2013-2015

MALE FEMALEBOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

REGION

2013 2014 2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXES

Table 25. Sugarcane: Male-Female daily real wage rate differential by region,


(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 31.28 20.23 33.01

CAR

Ilocos Region 42.76


Central Luzon 27.19 28.46 31.45

CALABARZON 21.46 15.14 15.09

MIMAROPA

Bicol Region 17.86




Zamboanga Peninsula


Davao Region 23.90 8.96 9.10

SOCCSKSARGEN 14.27 18.89 19.71

Caraga

ARMM

REGION 2013 2014 2015

22

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 267.47 240.14 309.01 275.83 272.42 296.87

CAR 286.25 267.06 343.91 298.72 294.98 305.71

Ilocos Region 317.29 298.74 440.15 292.64 415.40 237.97

Cagayan Valley 327.45 276.19 363.07 471.92 259.20 328.48

Central Luzon 365.37 350.65 447.08 138.82 455.57 324.41

CALABARZON 322.79 291.43 310.70 232.35 359.73 255.41

MIMAROPA 272.65 239.63 364.78 283.23 286.00 291.70

Bicol Region 245.05 230.55 283.30 503.96 220.67

Western Visayas 241.26 212.34 199.46 192.44 210.74 213.97

Central Visayas 224.31 205.43 262.53 192.39 193.83 166.75

Eastern Visayas 238.80 224.09 520.92 221.64 278.46 223.06

Zamboanga Peninsula 241.10 217.28 257.04 232.32 198.44 283.35

Northern Mindanao 242.70 210.43 211.46 232.64 252.25 206.17

Davao Region 250.38 236.11 276.48 280.04 308.16 168.80

SOCCSKSARGEN 247.27 214.44 222.79 181.60 308.01 212.31

Caraga 310.06 284.39 316.67 225.16 308.32 278.70

ARMM 252.70 219.84 563.33 251.85 237.71 334.33

PER SACK BY CONTRACTBY SHARING

ARRANGEMENT

Table 26. Agriculture: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

REGIONALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAY

PER

HECTARE

23

Table 28. Corn: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 245.60 240.17 342.05 250.19 258.34 238.13

CAR 296.56 285.76 442.15 312.88 294.10 290.50

Ilocos Region 277.03 266.39 444.44 288.25 573.17

Cagayan Valley 285.15 273.21 420.00 574.19 51.56 284.57

Central Luzon 357.03 348.59 486.57 229.17 642.49

CALABARZON 297.91 288.27 890.32 299.08 515.10 464.00

MIMAROPA 254.31 246.92 150.00 274.71 307.16 261.02

Bicol Region 229.04 212.06 270.15 1,251.77 236.23

Western Visayas 216.00 206.77 217.84 132.02 123.89 235.11

Central Visayas 198.17 208.07 750.00 308.00 68.18 192.69

Eastern Visayas 241.14 228.41 1,424.30 104.34 325.63 181.51



Davao Region 196.95 194.23 276.52 198.69 406.35 186.35

SOCCSKSARGEN 217.95 192.97 301.54 218.07 437.31 225.48

Caraga 267.02 277.49 240.00 238.57 266.74 331.33

ARMM 253.28 267.42 2,000.00 240.49 113.93 232.19

BY CONTRACTBY SHARING

ARRANGEMENT

ALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAY

PER

HECTAREPER SACKREGION

Table 27. Palay: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 296.72 255.34 292.69 244.12 287.27 349.89

CAR 279.37 254.59 278.42 289.28 295.57 315.85

Ilocos Region 339.53 313.91 520.00 350.25 337.63 366.23

Cagayan Valley 380.12 298.22 405.01 532.74 376.95 430.88

Central Luzon 383.54 394.17 313.98 102.83 404.19 467.93

CALABARZON 339.73 297.61 250.46 301.11 322.12 387.13

MIMAROPA 292.97 229.35 727.29 299.00 287.15 383.22

Bicol Region 272.72 240.04 261.88 279.27 340.52

Western Visayas 255.89 213.67 239.17 184.96 222.92 286.78

Central Visayas 235.00 219.19 212.19 240.01 241.54

Eastern Visayas 236.29 208.95 293.33 249.37 274.08 272.19



Davao Region 291.69 247.96 218.54 315.38 255.52 344.67

SOCCSKSARGEN 302.30 251.30 278.84 266.55 278.84 324.65

Caraga 323.72 282.22 346.65 297.23 320.06 359.91

ARMM 288.11 224.31 274.15 358.43 266.76 414.90

REGIONALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAY

PER

HECTAREPER SACK BY CONTRACT

BY SHARING

ARRANGEMENT

24

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 239.27 213.45 303.63 388.07 261.89 270.56

CAR

Ilocos Region 336.18 334.23 332.40 360.38

Cagayan Valley 280.69 250.00 250.00 433.30 304.34

Central Luzon 345.25 240.10 416.08 720.00

CALABARZON 319.75 315.89 320.71

MIMAROPA 257.45 248.97 266.67 266.64 180.00

Bicol Region 224.47 227.45 441.18 202.79

Western Visayas 226.88 231.13 211.43 229.34 216.07

Central Visayas 236.39 176.32 264.66 135.32

Eastern Visayas 238.32 236.77 240.00 245.24 237.88


Northern Mindanao 247.91 238.73 232.26 251.95

Davao Region 263.08 275.69 350.00 266.67 258.37

SOCCSKSARGEN 214.78 163.42 32.97 245.44

Caraga 297.78 295.49 277.83 300.83

ARMM 218.71 187.84 157.23 282.32 317.38


ARRANGEMENT

Table 29. Coconut: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

REGIONALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAY

PER

HECTARE

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 262.29 229.51 295.28 246.24 270.32 289.79

CAR

Ilocos Region 332.92 325.68 304.31 347.11

Cagayan Valley 262.79 201.38 283.53 269.30

Central Luzon 325.42 278.00 1,336.86 239.46 337.19

CALABARZON 305.58 239.89 281.25 296.77 349.80

MIMAROPA

Bicol Region 235.04 249.73 211.21 294.00

Western Visayas 248.79 197.39 270.56 266.83 267.58

Central Visayas 235.33 213.97 250.23 206.83 238.84

Eastern Visayas 248.23 260.60 283.05 462.40 237.57

Zamboanga Peninsula

Northern Mindanao 234.58 174.96 182.35 200.00 248.53

Davao Region 269.87 221.88 233.33 560.00 277.17

SOCCSKSARGEN 249.70 258.27 289.92 175.00 215.94 285.33

Caraga

ARMM


ARRANGEMENT

Table 30. Sugarcane: Average wage rates of farm workers (man-labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

REGIONALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAY

PER

HECTARE

25

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 329.25 249.60 445.35 365.69 336.29 422.36

CAR 358.34 257.01 427.56 550.58 382.75 485.46

Ilocos Region 504.09 345.43 1,282.48 402.34 600.70 611.46

Cagayan Valley 445.32 315.54 1,157.26 623.26 378.32 532.54

Central Luzon 638.38 387.92 555.98 128.03 559.21 1,232.89

CALABARZON 370.61 311.23 177.09 594.54 415.81 166.52

MIMAROPA 337.29 244.82 496.22 333.39 361.00 389.25

Bicol Region 259.48 238.73 486.96 401.32 331.76 136.72

Western Visayas 332.59 232.36 234.10 321.52 335.16 374.72

Central Visayas 259.60 213.99 616.01 336.80 330.50 199.57

Eastern Visayas 275.12 242.91 186.87 567.02 297.32 354.54



Davao Region 279.11 256.51 421.85 247.40 337.02 139.31

SOCCSKSARGEN 329.06 264.40 357.97 222.18 397.15 311.53

Caraga 361.08 296.56 600.16 188.06 352.45 258.60

ARMM 269.12 225.06 889.27 291.90 255.59 296.13

All types of labor include man, man and animal, and man and machine labor

REGIONALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAY

PER

HECTARE

Table 31. Agriculture: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015


ARRANGEMENT

26

Table 32. Palay: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 424.36 278.12 402.23 343.92 381.61 637.21

CAR 355.71 252.81 328.22 573.43 382.78 484.75

Ilocos Region 517.27 347.73 1,346.06 430.32 594.33 609.05

Cagayan Valley 512.08 332.42 468.44 700.02 431.98 693.63

Central Luzon 700.98 421.50 640.63 149.19 573.48 1,364.08

CALABARZON 523.07 319.43 384.72 318.50 588.20 742.42

MIMAROPA 420.29 238.56 991.74 403.61 454.10 589.68

Bicol Region 337.62 258.69 1,793.10 305.24 389.29 488.80

Western Visayas 385.31 236.54 270.84 232.94 392.85 498.81

Central Visayas 328.95 240.80 255.58 363.82 372.51

Eastern Visayas 328.75 250.96 458.82 361.54 329.79 614.12



Davao Region 448.77 267.29 451.31 389.85 308.53 631.70

SOCCSKSARGEN 538.15 422.43 456.13 354.72 345.36 706.88

Caraga 459.20 285.61 363.79 456.69 410.69 682.38

ARMM 298.33 228.23 309.88 510.76 274.25 336.56


BY CONTRACTBY SHARING

ARRANGEMENT

ALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAY

PER

HECTAREREGION PER SACK

Table 33. Corn: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 308.81 265.29 805.36 319.39 381.93 297.71

CAR 377.93 288.31 1,168.65 380.11 382.49 490.75

Ilocos Region 428.08 283.14 2,088.96 375.85 1,576.17 1,381.60

Cagayan Valley 387.80 310.67 2,822.21 629.83 270.63 334.06

Central Luzon 488.78 389.03 726.14 517.68 1,355.52 1,818.79

CALABARZON 354.97 313.73 1,270.08 324.96 946.61 464.00

MIMAROPA 376.27 280.38 1,415.07 379.93 493.95 959.97

Bicol Region 282.05 245.08 712.00 356.98 1,579.41 236.23

Western Visayas 258.62 240.36 283.46 248.44 199.65 278.41

Central Visayas 242.79 238.29 1,489.38 369.00 378.76 196.26

Eastern Visayas 251.92 242.59 1,365.59 127.78 672.56 181.51



Davao Region 227.77 212.25 574.04 254.51 519.79 210.63

SOCCSKSARGEN 258.34 218.83 505.84 247.94 520.54 235.86

Caraga 343.55 289.44 2,389.09 336.25 359.24 342.53

ARMM 313.37 277.92 2,680.46 338.47 203.76 232.19



ARRANGEMENT

PER

HECTARE

ALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAYREGION

27

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 244.34 215.00 303.63 415.24 266.20 271.61

CAR

Ilocos Region 336.18 334.23 332.40 360.38

Cagayan Valley 284.10 250.00 250.00 410.23 304.26

Central Luzon 371.36 243.87 446.30 720.00

CALABARZON 325.24 315.89 720.00 326.85

MIMAROPA 259.10 249.06 266.67 269.47 180.00

Bicol Region 229.41 230.84 440.42 200.66

Western Visayas 227.34 231.13 605.33 229.34 216.07

Central Visayas 236.52 176.32 352.00 264.74 135.32

Eastern Visayas 249.88 238.94 686.88 263.87 237.88


Northern Mindanao 251.28 238.73 232.26 256.69

Davao Region 264.66 274.91 350.00 206.06 261.41

SOCCSKSARGEN 216.92 167.03 232.97 246.91

Caraga 310.59 304.50 277.83 318.11

ARMM 224.04 188.04 144.52 280.32 317.38


Table 34. Coconut: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region, Philippines, 2015

BY SHARING

ARRANGEMENTPER SACK

PER

HECTAREREGION

ALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAY BY CONTRACT

(in peso)

PHILIPPINES 383.80 233.72 594.80 246.83 414.00 491.25

CAR

Ilocos Region 511.24 372.66 4,284.44 435.26 505.95

Cagayan Valley 411.88 201.38 283.53 463.94

Central Luzon 524.12 289.56 2,239.10 239.46 614.89

CALABARZON 396.90 239.89 682.63 296.77 486.47

MIMAROPA

Bicol Region 247.77 258.13 320.00 229.68 294.00

Western Visayas 307.80 197.61 552.43 266.83 336.02

Central Visayas 359.63 215.87 858.15 206.83 340.18

Eastern Visayas 446.23 283.49 599.73 462.40 475.85

Zamboanga Peninsula


Davao Region 276.82 221.88 233.33 560.00 285.31

SOCCSKSARGEN 383.04 260.11 323.66 175.00 317.04 494.99

Caraga

ARMM


Table 35. Sugarcane: Average wage rates of farm workers (all types of labor) by basis of payment and region,

Philippines, 2015

BY SHARING

ARRANGEMENTPER SACK

PER

HECTAREREGION

ALL BASES OF

PAYMENTPER DAY BY CONTRACT

30

Table 38. Corn: Average wage rates of farm workers by basis of payment and farm activity, Philippines, 2015

(in peso)

Land preparation 192.91 192.91

Man 192.40 192.40

Man & animal 300.00 300.00

Man & machine

Plowing 609.82 355.27 1,917.11 298.67 950.92 750.90

Man 282.53 268.34 518.95 298.67 239.30

Man & animal 381.92 372.88 465.42 421.78 750.90

Man & machine 2,130.81 1,301.59 2,608.18 1,677.81

Man, animal and machine

Harrowing 588.84 355.65 1,996.34 884.56 888.00

Man 288.10 268.08 583.33 355.66

Man & animal 368.95 355.42 645.00 405.71 888.00

Man & machine 2,059.03 798.89 2,381.07 1,969.05


Furrowing 437.71 414.00 855.90 442.24 456.39

Man 370.09 346.61 1,058.33 336.62 590.63

Man & animal 426.09 421.45 502.23 437.13 404.00

Man & machine 1,362.29 888.89 2,206.75 828.33


Mending / Care of seedlings 227.32 300.00 236.25 200.00

Distribution of planting materials

Planting / Replanting 238.64 226.83 293.16 757.47 279.17 198.02

Planting 238.64 226.83 293.16 757.47 279.17 198.02

Irrigation / Watering 261.22 263.12 169.60

Care of crops 239.98 239.02 262.81 234.81 245.14 204.23

Mechanical weeding 160.00 160.00

Manual weeding 220.61 225.52 237.18 122.34 197.52 123.08

Fertilizer application 237.97 236.77 250.02 257.75 243.48 183.60

Chemical application 267.64 262.07 366.62 286.90 275.58 270.24

Off-barring 298.18 285.26 444.44 337.90

Hilling-up 287.81 281.23 332.26 300.00 310.10

Harvesting 259.53 264.37 386.42 247.78 281.06 252.37

Shelling 452.86 223.07 336.00 447.25 499.68 603.67

Man 236.74 222.27 685.71 292.05 239.87 191.38

Man & machine 702.61 228.10 271.58 549.46 715.43 1,114.46

Hauling 437.50 291.53 529.12 517.94 412.13 305.08

Man 263.38 257.36 941.54 290.26 265.87 177.65

Man & animal 489.47 339.97 288.89 524.95 487.91 663.74

Man & machine 969.44 301.38 940.00 1,142.56 619.95 4,912.00

Man, animal & machine

Husking / detasseling of corn 221.51 235.27 220.53 247.18 56.36

Drying 216.30 217.22 255.56 182.05 257.46 259.79

Man 210.55 216.75 255.56 181.53 232.40 205.55

Man & machine 714.18 300.00 666.67 876.60 933.33

All farm activities

Man labor only 245.60 240.17 342.05 250.19 258.34 238.13

All types of labor a/ 308.81 265.29 805.36 319.39 381.93 297.71

a/ - all types of labor include man, man and animal, and man and machine labor

ALL BASES

OF PAYMENT PER DAY

PER

HECTARE PER SACK

BY

CONTRACT

BY SHARING

ARRANGEMENT FARM ACTIVITY

32

(in peso)

Land preparation 253.00 209.94 155.56 280.14

Man 253.00 209.94 155.56 280.14

Man & animal

Man & machine

Plowing 2,189.11 321.09 3,912.66 2,370.82

Man 276.20 285.71 248.37 269.80

Man & animal 890.67 890.67

Man & machine 4,871.33 1,720.00 4,903.18 4,942.48


Harrowing 1,910.63 430.00 2,532.35 2,408.09

Man 271.08 304.78 285.71 237.55

Man & animal 896.00 717.24 1,142.86

Man & machine 3,881.30 1,218.18 3,310.89 4,445.53


Furrowing 3,243.44 856.14 3,107.84 4,539.31

Man 751.78 596.08 856.47 895.24

Man & animal

Man & machine 5,273.48 3,066.67 6,145.40 5,042.76


Care of seedlings 184.69 153.15 266.67 187.15

Cutting of planting materials 301.30 174.67 355.56 288.75 304.92

Planting / Replanting 235.10 223.48 266.67 255.08 251.93

Planting 235.10 223.48 266.67 255.08 251.93

Irrigation / Watering 290.48 270.00 320.59

Irrigation / watering 290.48 270.00 320.59

Care of crops 224.56 212.36 261.97 236.50 234.34

Mechanical weeding

Manual weeding 224.63 220.29 242.88 225.26

Fertilizer application 216.42 191.51 1,108.39 236.50 267.14

Chemical application 248.43 216.00 725.49 278.95

Off-barring 292.88 348.16 300.47 265.72

Hilling-up 347.07 351.11 387.33 309.06

Harvesting 319.36 282.47 192.00 293.27 920.06

Hauling 853.62 386.17 320.00 1,005.21 297.47

Man 258.94 283.39 253.83 272.26

Man & animal 566.36 767.44 320.00 578.60 531.25

Man & machine 2,815.87 2,818.41 2,000.00


All farm activities

Man labor only 262.29 229.51 295.28 246.24 270.32 289.79

All types of labor a/ 383.80 233.72 594.80 246.83 414.00 491.25

a/ - all types of labor include man, man and animal, and man and machine labor

Table 40. Sugarcane: Average wage rates of farm workers by basis of payment and farm activity, Philippines, 2015

FARM ACTIVITY ALL BASES

OF PAYMENT PER DAY

PER

HECTARE PER SACK

BY

CONTRACT

BY SHARING

ARRANGEMENT

33

Table 41. Palay: Average number of mandays per hectare by source of labor, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE

PHILIPPINES 5.32 0.39 4.20 1.91 37.46 9.37 46.98 11.67 58.65

CAR 8.51 0.71 7.44 4.82 27.86 13.31 43.80 18.84 62.64

Ilocos Region 6.91 0.36 5.53 2.73 26.65 3.86 39.09 6.95 46.04

Cagayan Valley 2.46 0.01 2.09 2.09 27.31 8.28 31.86 10.39 42.25

Central Luzon 2.45 0.00 1.96 0.55 25.64 3.44 30.06 3.98 34.04

CALABARZON 3.12 0.00 1.31 0.38 34.29 5.42 38.72 5.80 44.52

MIMAROPA 6.22 0.07 1.24 0.34 27.65 3.05 35.12 3.46 38.58

Bicol Region 3.44 0.04 3.07 1.55 30.37 5.15 36.89 6.74 43.62

Western Visayas 3.65 0.03 0.98 0.89 30.85 5.02 35.48 5.93 41.41

Central Visayas 16.79 0.82 4.00 5.05 42.76 17.21 63.55 23.09 86.64

Eastern Visayas 4.88 0.15 2.37 2.08 35.74 12.02 42.99 14.25 57.24



Davao Region 3.58 0.02 4.23 0.21 32.01 6.62 39.82 6.85 46.67

SOCCSKSARGEN 2.54 0.02 1.69 0.67 18.47 4.46 22.70 5.15 27.85

Caraga 4.82 0.28 2.52 1.17 27.75 8.70 35.09 10.15 45.24

ARMM 13.44 4.77 19.41 8.04 16.02 2.60 48.86 15.41 64.27

REGIONOPERATOR LABOR FAMILY LABOR HIRED LABOR TOTAL BOTH

SEXES

Table 42. Palay: Percentage distribution of labor by source, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH


PHILIPPINES 9.74 9.08 0.66 10.43 7.17 3.26 79.83 63.86 15.97 80.11 19.89

CAR 14.71 13.58 1.13 19.56 11.87 7.69 65.72 44.47 21.25 69.92 30.08

Ilocos Region 15.79 15.01 0.78 17.94 12.01 5.93 66.27 57.89 8.38 84.91 15.09

Cagayan Valley 5.84 5.81 0.03 9.92 4.96 4.96 84.24 64.64 19.60 75.41 24.59

Central Luzon 7.21 7.20 0.01 7.37 5.77 1.60 85.42 75.33 10.09 88.29 11.71

CALABARZON 7.00 7.00 3.79 2.94 0.85 89.20 77.03 12.17 86.97 13.03

MIMAROPA 16.30 16.12 0.18 4.12 3.23 0.89 79.58 71.68 7.90 91.03 8.97

Bicol Region 7.97 7.88 0.09 10.61 7.05 3.56 81.42 69.62 11.80 84.55 15.45

Western Visayas 8.88 8.81 0.07 4.51 2.37 2.14 86.61 74.50 12.11 85.68 14.32

Central Visayas 20.33 19.38 0.95 10.44 4.61 5.83 69.22 49.35 19.87 73.35 26.65

Eastern Visayas 8.79 8.52 0.27 7.77 4.14 3.63 83.44 62.44 21.00 75.10 24.90

Zamboanga Peninsula 2.06 1.99 0.07 5.89 4.00 1.89 92.05 62.88 29.17 68.87 31.13

Northern Mindanao 14.76 13.63 1.13 19.72 16.23 3.49 65.52 60.71 4.81 90.57 9.43

Davao Region 7.71 7.67 0.04 9.51 9.07 0.44 82.77 68.58 14.19 85.32 14.68

SOCCSKSARGEN 9.22 9.14 0.08 8.47 6.08 2.39 82.31 66.31 16.00 81.52 18.48

Caraga 11.27 10.66 0.61 8.16 5.57 2.59 80.57 61.34 19.23 77.57 22.43

ARMM 28.33 20.91 7.42 42.71 30.20 12.51 28.97 24.92 4.05 76.02 23.98

REGIONOPERATOR LABOR FAMILY LABOR HIRED LABOR TOTAL

34

Table 43. Palay: Average number of mandays per hectare by farm activity, source of labor and sex, Philippines, 2015


Land preparation 0.07 a/ 0.06 a/ 0.32 a/ 0.44 a/ 0.44

Man 0.05 a/ 0.06 a/ 0.28 a/ 0.39 a/ 0.39

Man & animal 0.01 a/ 0.01 0.02 0.02

Man & machine 0.01 a/ 0.03 0.03 0.03

Plowing 0.37 0.01 0.11 a/ 2.66 a/ 3.14 0.01 3.15

Man 0.02 0.01 0.02 a/ 0.66 a/ 0.69 0.01 0.71

Man & animal 0.19 a/ 0.05 0.64 0.89 a/ 0.89

Man & machine 0.15 0.04 1.30 a/ 1.49 a/ 1.49

Man, animal and machine a/ 0.07 0.07 0.07

Harrowing 0.54 0.01 0.22 0.01 1.62 0.01 2.38 0.02 2.40

Man 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.31 0.36 0.01 0.37

Man & animal 0.24 a/ 0.12 0.45 a/ 0.87 a/ 0.87

Man & machine 0.26 0.09 0.82 0.01 1.11 0.01 1.12

Man, animal and machine a/ a/ 0.05 0.05 0.05

Levelling 0.06 a/ 0.01 a/ 0.45 0.52 a/ 0.52

Care of seedlings a/ a/ 0.14 0.14 0.14

Pulling & bundling of seedlings 0.15 0.04 0.28 0.19 2.10 1.89 2.54 2.12 4.65

Planting / Transplanting 0.29 0.02 0.41 0.27 7.04 2.56 7.73 2.85 10.58

Planting 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.52 0.07 0.65 0.08 0.73

Transplanting 0.16 0.02 0.35 0.24 6.35 2.45 6.86 2.71 9.57

Broadcasting 0.03 a/ 0.02 0.02 0.16 0.04 0.22 0.06 0.28

Irrigation / Watering 0.48 a/ 0.20 0.01 0.82 0.01 1.49 0.02 1.51

Cleaning of irrigation canals 0.06 0.01 0.14 0.01 0.22 0.01 0.22

Repair of dikes 0.17 a/ 0.07 0.01 0.47 a/ 0.70 0.01 0.71

Irrigation / watering 0.25 0.11 a/ 0.21 0.57 a/ 0.57

Care of crops 1.84 0.12 1.41 0.57 4.81 0.68 8.06 1.37 9.43

Mechanical weeding 0.02 a/ 0.07 0.01 0.10 0.01 0.10

Manual weeding 0.90 0.11 1.06 0.51 2.61 0.66 4.57 1.28 5.85

Fertilizer application 0.49 a/ 0.19 0.06 0.95 0.01 1.63 0.07 1.71

Chemical application 0.43 a/ 0.16 a/ 1.17 0.01 1.76 0.01 1.77

Picking of snails 0.01 a/ a/ 0.02 0.02

Harvesting 0.20 0.05 0.27 0.15 10.14 3.87 10.61 4.07 14.67

Threshing 0.15 a/ 0.13 0.07 3.63 0.28 3.91 0.42 4.32

Man 0.10 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.74 0.22 0.91 0.35 1.26

Man & machine 0.05 a/ 0.05 a/ 2.89 0.07 2.99 0.07 3.06

Hauling 0.18 a/ 0.18 0.01 1.93 0.02 2.29 0.03 2.32

Man 0.09 a/ 0.09 0.01 1.00 0.02 1.19 0.03 1.22

Man & animal 0.07 a/ 0.06 a/ 0.71 0.84 a/ 0.85

Man & machine 0.02 0.02 0.19 0.24 0.24

Man, animal & machine a/ a/ 0.02 0.02 0.02

Drying 0.96 0.08 0.93 0.62 1.74 0.05 3.64 0.74 4.38

Man 0.96 0.08 0.93 0.62 1.71 0.05 3.60 0.74 4.35

Man & machine a/ 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03

Winnowing/Blowing 0.01 a/ 0.01 0.07 a/ 0.08 0.01 0.10

All farm activities 5.32 0.39 4.20 1.91 37.46 9.37 46.98 11.67 58.65

a/ Less than 0.01 manday

OPERATOR LABOR FAMILY LABOR HIRED LABOR TOTAL BOTH

SEXES FARM ACTIVITY

35

Table 44. Corn: Average number of mandays per hectare by source of labor, sex and region, Philippines, 2015


PHILIPPINES 5.40 0.20 5.04 2.29 26.54 7.25 36.99 9.74 46.73

CAR 7.24 0.07 5.91 3.05 26.15 7.26 39.29 10.39 49.68

Ilocos Region 7.53 0.08 3.68 1.10 30.55 2.03 41.75 3.21 44.97

Cagayan Valley 1.74 0.06 0.93 0.73 55.28 21.44 57.96 22.23 80.19

Central Luzon 3.11 0.01 6.08 0.02 27.53 1.58 36.72 1.60 38.33

CALABARZON 1.32 0.01 0.73 0.15 27.31 2.27 29.36 2.43 31.79

MIMAROPA 4.50 0.06 2.40 1.47 21.37 9.15 28.26 10.69 38.95

Bicol Region 5.41 0.26 4.50 2.04 17.03 2.95 26.94 5.25 32.20

Western Visayas 5.52 0.44 2.72 2.76 33.12 16.43 41.36 19.62 60.98

Central Visayas 14.52 0.88 11.97 6.07 15.99 6.69 42.48 13.64 56.12

Eastern Visayas 9.90 0.41 11.60 4.75 20.66 2.79 42.16 7.95 50.10



Davao Region 5.54 0.18 4.12 2.46 19.84 3.63 29.49 6.27 35.76

SOCCSKSARGEN 2.27 0.04 3.06 1.50 29.20 11.56 34.53 13.10 47.63

Caraga 0.50 0.08 0.58 0.18 24.00 5.88 25.08 6.14 31.22

ARMM 6.62 12.11 4.60 16.53 5.70 35.26 10.30 45.56

OPERATOR LABOR FAMILY LABOR HIRED LABOR TOTALBOTH

SEXESREGION

Table 45. Corn: Percentage distribution of labor by source, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH


PHILIPPINES 11.99 11.56 0.43 15.69 10.79 4.90 72.31 56.80 15.51 79.15 20.85

CAR 14.72 14.57 0.15 18.03 11.89 6.14 67.26 52.64 14.62 79.09 20.91

Ilocos Region 16.92 16.74 0.18 10.63 8.18 2.45 72.44 67.93 4.51 92.86 7.14

Cagayan Valley 2.25 2.18 0.07 2.07 1.16 0.91 95.68 68.94 26.74 72.28 27.72

Central Luzon 8.14 8.12 0.02 15.92 15.87 0.05 75.95 71.83 4.12 95.82 4.18

CALABARZON 4.21 4.17 0.04 2.75 2.28 0.47 93.04 85.91 7.13 92.36 7.64

MIMAROPA 11.71 11.55 0.16 9.94 6.16 3.78 78.35 54.85 23.50 72.56 27.44

Bicol Region 17.61 16.79 0.82 20.32 13.98 6.34 62.07 52.91 9.16 83.68 16.32

Western Visayas 9.77 9.05 0.72 8.98 4.46 4.52 81.25 54.31 26.94 67.82 32.18

Central Visayas 27.44 25.87 1.57 32.16 21.34 10.82 40.40 28.49 11.91 75.70 24.30

Eastern Visayas 20.58 19.76 0.82 32.63 23.15 9.48 46.79 41.23 5.56 84.14 15.86

Zamboanga Peninsula 22.96 21.45 1.51 24.89 14.88 10.01 52.16 41.51 10.65 77.83 22.17

Northern Mindanao 12.92 12.27 0.65 19.70 13.50 6.20 67.38 52.10 15.28 77.87 22.13

Davao Region 15.98 15.48 0.50 18.40 11.51 6.89 65.63 55.48 10.15 82.47 17.53

SOCCSKSARGEN 4.85 4.77 0.08 9.58 6.42 3.16 85.58 61.31 24.27 72.50 27.50

Caraga 1.83 1.59 0.24 2.45 1.86 0.59 95.71 76.88 18.83 80.33 19.67

ARMM 14.53 14.53 36.67 26.58 10.09 48.80 36.28 12.52 77.39 22.61

REGION

OPERATOR LABOR FAMILY LABOR HIRED LABOR TOTAL

36

Table 46. Corn: Average number of mandays per hectare by farm activity, source of labor and sex, Philippines, 2015


Land preparation 0.27 0.01 0.20 0.06 2.92 0.52 3.40 0.58 3.97

Plowing 1.11 0.08 0.58 0.35 2.94 0.60 4.63 1.03 5.66

Harrowing 1.03 0.02 0.85 0.36 3.42 0.92 5.29 1.30 6.59

Furrowing 0.47 0.01 0.22 0.03 2.36 0.31 3.06 0.34 3.40

Mending / Care of seedlings 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.06 a/ 0.08 0.02 0.11

Distribution of planting materials a/ a/ a/ a/

Planting / Replanting 0.35 0.03 0.51 0.34 3.57 1.94 4.43 2.30 6.73

Irrigation / Watering 0.15 0.05 a/ 0.25 0.46 a/ 0.46

Care of crops 1.26 0.05 1.14 0.44 4.12 1.03 6.52 1.51 8.04

Mechanical weeding 0.06 0.12 0.02 a/ 0.19 0.02 0.21

Manual weeding 0.60 0.03 0.49 0.26 1.03 0.37 2.12 0.66 2.78

Fertilizer application 0.39 0.02 0.38 0.15 1.89 0.64 2.66 0.81 3.47

Chemical application 0.21 a/ 0.14 a/ 1.21 0.01 1.56 0.01 1.58

Off-barring 0.21 a/ 0.16 0.03 0.28 a/ 0.64 0.03 0.68

Hilling-up 0.33 a/ 0.15 0.02 0.40 0.04 0.87 0.06 0.94

Harvesting 0.37 0.02 0.44 0.35 6.68 3.65 7.49 4.03 11.52

Shelling 0.48 0.05 0.78 0.61 2.00 0.36 3.26 1.03 4.30

Hauling 0.20 a/ 0.22 0.01 1.67 0.01 2.09 0.02 2.11

Husking / detasseling of corn 0.01 a/ 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.12 0.03 0.15

Drying 0.67 0.04 0.83 0.34 3.39 0.04 4.89 0.42 5.30

All farm activities 5.40 0.20 5.04 2.29 26.54 7.25 36.99 9.74 46.73


OPERATOR LABOR FAMILY LABOR HIRED LABOR TOTAL BOTH

SEXES FARM ACTIVITY

37


PHILIPPINES 1.01 a/ 1.67 0.27 14.32 0.14 17.01 0.41 17.42

CAR

Ilocos Region 11.51 31.65 43.17 43.17

Cagayan Valley 0.66 0.75 1.41 1.41

Central Luzon 0.19 18.52 18.71 18.71

CALABARZON 0.31 0.28 2.07 2.67 2.67

MIMAROPA 1.15 0.27 29.55 1.58 30.97 1.58 32.55

Bicol Region 0.83 13.98 14.81 14.81

Western Visayas 1.34 9.49 10.83 10.83

Central Visayas 2.02 2.05 0.62 4.11 0.62 8.18 1.24 9.42

Eastern Visayas 3.43 5.33 0.55 20.42 29.18 0.55 29.73

Zamboanga Peninsula 3.08 0.10 3.08 0.10 3.18


Davao Region 0.14 0.03 1.45 0.05 5.07 6.66 0.07 6.74

SOCCSKSARGEN 2.94 2.94 2.85 9.16 15.05 2.85 17.90

Caraga 15.91 15.91 15.91

ARMM 0.53 3.75 25.57 29.85 29.85


Table 47. Coconut: Average number of mandays per hectare by source of labor, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

BOTH

SEXESREGION


Table 48. Coconut: Percentage distribution of labor by source, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH


PHILIPPINES 5.84 5.82 0.02 11.17 9.61 1.56 82.99 82.19 0.80 97.63 2.37

CAR

Ilocos Region 26.67 26.67 73.33 73.33 100.00

Cagayan Valley 47.06 47.06 52.94 52.94 100.00

Central Luzon 1.02 1.02 98.98 98.98 100.00

CALABARZON 11.65 11.65 10.68 10.68 77.67 77.67 100.00

MIMAROPA 3.54 3.54 0.83 0.83 95.63 90.78 4.85 95.15 4.85

Bicol Region 5.59 5.59 94.41 94.41 100.00

Western Visayas 12.40 12.40 87.60 87.60 100.00

Central Visayas 21.40 21.40 28.39 21.81 6.58 50.20 43.62 6.58 86.83 13.17

Eastern Visayas 11.55 11.55 19.76 17.92 1.84 68.70 68.70 98.16 1.84

Zamboanga Peninsula 100.00 96.89 3.11 96.89 3.11


Davao Region 2.55 2.13 0.42 22.26 21.58 0.68 75.19 75.19 98.90 1.10

SOCCSKSARGEN 16.43 16.43 32.36 16.43 15.93 51.20 51.20 84.07 15.93

Caraga 100.00 100.00 100.00

ARMM 1.77 1.77 12.55 12.55 85.68 85.68 100.00

REGION


38


Land preparation 0.03 0.03 0.03

Man 0.03 0.03 0.03

Man & animal

Man & machine

Distribution of planting materials

Planting / Replanting

Planting 0.09 0.01 0.17 0.27 0.27

Care of crops

Mechanical weeding

Manual weeding 0.06 0.17 0.66 0.89 0.89

Fertilizer application 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.50 0.02 0.56 0.05 0.60

Chemical application

Clearing of underbush 0.15 0.01 1.88 2.04 2.04

Rolling over of cover crops 0.23 0.23 0.23

Harvesting 0.16 0.43 4.82 5.42 5.42

Gathering/Piling of nuts 0.55 0.55 0.55

Hauling 0.21 0.41 0.11 3.11 0.01 3.73 0.12 3.85

Man 0.20 0.30 0.11 1.95 0.01 2.45 0.12 2.57

Man & animal 0.01 0.12 0.99 1.12 1.12

Man & machine 0.16 0.16 0.16


Husking 0.26 0.26 0.26

Splitting of nuts 0.82 0.82 0.82

Removal of coconut meat 0.55 0.11 0.55 0.11 0.66

Drying 0.29 a/ 0.60 0.14 0.86 1.75 0.14 1.89

Man 0.29 a/ 0.60 0.14 0.86 1.75 0.14 1.89

Man & machine

TOTAL 1.01 a/ 1.67 0.27 14.32 0.14 17.01 0.41 17.42


FAMILY LABOR HIRED LABOR TOTAL BOTH

SEXES

Table 49. Coconut: Average number of mandays per hectare by farm activity, source of labor and sex, Philippines, 2015

FARM ACTIVITYOPERATOR LABOR

39


PHILIPPINES 1.36 0.02 0.86 0.34 54.01 6.40 56.23 6.76 62.99

CAR

Ilocos Region 12.52 3.44 40.46 56.42 56.42

Cagayan Valley 0.53 86.29 1.13 86.83 1.13 87.96

Central Luzon 1.18 0.99 0.09 21.50 1.87 23.67 1.96 25.63

CALABARZON 49.78 49.78 49.78

MIMAROPA

Bicol Region 6.01 3.15 0.85 46.85 3.58 56.00 4.42 60.42

Western Visayas 0.36 0.01 0.18 0.13 72.44 14.10 72.98 14.24 87.22

Central Visayas 1.31 0.05 0.30 0.73 45.20 11.09 46.81 11.87 58.68

Eastern Visayas 0.39 3.88 0.81 65.55 12.64 69.81 13.46 83.27

Zamboanga Peninsula

Northern Mindanao 1.33 0.05 0.00 67.71 2.50 69.09 2.50 71.59

Davao Region 0.09 0.33 0.14 27.08 5.50 27.50 5.64 33.13

SOCCSKSARGEN 2.41 0.12 1.86 1.01 68.44 5.72 72.71 6.85 79.56

Table 50. Sugarcane: Average number of mandays per hectare by source of labor, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

BOTH

SEXESREGION


Table 51. Sugarcane: Percentage distribution of labor by source, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH

SEXESMALE FEMALE

BOTH


PHILIPPINES 2.20 2.17 0.03 1.90 1.36 0.54 95.90 85.74 10.16 89.27 10.73

CAR

Ilocos Region 22.19 22.19 6.10 6.10 71.71 71.71 100.00

Cagayan Valley 0.60 0.60 99.40 98.11 1.29 98.71 1.29

Central Luzon 4.59 4.59 4.23 3.86 0.37 91.18 83.90 7.28 92.35 7.65

CALABARZON 100.00 100.00 100.00

MIMAROPA

Bicol Region 9.94 9.94 6.61 5.21 1.40 83.46 77.54 5.92 92.68 7.32

Western Visayas 0.42 0.41 0.01 0.35 0.20 0.15 99.22 83.06 16.16 83.67 16.33

Central Visayas 2.31 2.23 0.08 1.75 0.51 1.24 95.93 77.03 18.90 79.77 20.23

Eastern Visayas 0.46 0.46 5.63 4.65 0.98 93.90 78.72 15.18 83.84 16.16

Zamboanga Peninsula

Northern Mindanao 1.86 1.86 0.08 0.07 0.01 98.06 94.57 3.49 96.51 3.49

Davao Region 0.26 0.26 1.43 1.01 0.42 98.32 81.73 16.59 82.99 17.01

SOCCSKSARGEN 3.18 3.03 0.15 3.60 2.34 1.26 93.22 86.03 7.19 91.39 8.61

REGION


40


Land preparation 0.02 a/ 0.02 0.01 0.17 0.21 0.01 0.22

Man 0.02 a/ 0.02 0.01 0.17 0.21 0.01 0.22

Man & animal

Man & machine

Plowing 0.05 0.03 0.67 0.02 0.74 0.02 0.76

Man 0.03 0.02 0.27 0.02 0.32 0.02 0.34

Man & animal 0.02 0.01 0.15 0.18 0.18

Man & machine a/ 0.24 0.25 0.25


Harrowing 0.04 0.02 0.38 0.44 0.44

Man 0.01 0.01 0.19 0.21 0.21

Man & animal 0.03 a/ 0.02 0.05 0.05

Man & machine a/ 0.01 0.17 0.18 0.18


Furrowing 0.07 0.01 0.56 0.63 0.63

Man a/ 0.40 0.40 0.40

Man & animal 0.05 0.01 0.07 0.13 0.13

Man & machine 0.01 a/ 0.09 0.10 0.10


Care of seedlings

Cutting of planting materials 0.02 0.01 1.21 0.01 1.24 0.01 1.26

Planting / Replanting 0.16 0.09 0.10 4.87 1.64 5.12 1.75 6.86

Planting 0.16 0.09 0.10 4.87 1.64 5.12 1.75 6.86

Irrigation / Watering 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.08

Irrigation / watering 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.08

Care of crops

Mechanical weeding

Manual weeding 0.34 0.01 0.19 0.13 7.32 2.38 7.84 2.51 10.35

Fertilizer application 0.12 0.01 0.09 0.05 2.14 0.88 2.34 0.94 3.29

Chemical application 0.02 0.02 0.00 1.00 1.04 a/ 1.04

Off-barring 0.12 0.04 0.00 1.93 2.09 a/ 2.10

Hilling-up 0.14 0.02 0.01 1.86 2.02 0.01 2.03

Harvesting 0.16 0.25 0.03 26.52 1.33 26.92 1.36 28.28

Hauling 0.11 0.07 0.01 8.75 0.16 8.93 0.17 9.09

Man 0.04 a/ 6.23 0.16 6.28 0.16 6.43

Man & animal 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.30 0.42 0.01 0.43

Man & machine a/ 0.01 2.22 2.23 2.23


TOTAL 1.36 0.02 0.86 0.34 54.01 6.40 56.23 6.76 62.99


FAMILY LABOR HIRED LABOR TOTAL BOTH

SEXES

Table 52. Sugarcane: Average number of mandays per hectare by farm activity, source of labor and sex, Philippines, 2015

FARM ACTIVITYOPERATOR LABOR

41

Table 53. (cont')

PHILIPPINES 94.00 4.95 1.03 0.01 95.03 4.96 84.55 2.63 12.77 97.32 2.63

CAR

Ilocos Region 88.79 11.21 88.79 11.21 70.99 29.01 70.99 29.01

Cagayan Valley 43.90 56.10 43.90 56.10 96.23 3.77 100.00

Central Luzon 99.21 0.79 99.21 0.79 88.31 11.69 100.00

CALABARZON 100.00 100.00 98.54 1.46 100.00

MIMAROPA 95.56 4.44 100.00

Bicol Region 100.00 100.00 90.11 1.38 8.51 98.62 1.38

Western Visayas 90.54 8.11 1.35 91.89 8.11 76.00 24.00 100.00

Central Visayas 95.27 3.82 0.91 96.18 3.82 81.72 17.74 99.46

Eastern Visayas 91.76 8.24 91.76 8.24 78.99 21.01 100.00


Northern Mindanao 89.88 9.03 1.09 90.97 9.03 93.05 6.95 100.00

Davao Region 99.51 0.49 100.00 78.17 21.83 100.00

SOCCSKSARGEN 95.05 4.95 100.00 73.61 15.23 11.16 84.77 15.23

Caraga 99.73 0.27 100.00

ARMM 88.61 11.39 88.61 11.39

Note: Residuals represent combination of in cash and in kind payment

SUGARCANE

MALE FEMALE

IN CASH IN KIND IN CASH IN KIND

COCONUT

MALE FEMALE

IN CASH IN KIND IN CASH IN KIND IN CASH IN KIND

BOTH SEXES BOTH SEXES

IN CASH IN KIND

REGION

Table 53. Agriculture: Percentage distribution of hired workers by terms of payment, crop, sex and region, Philippines, 2015

PHILIPPINES 56.82 25.90 10.06 3.06 66.88 28.96 71.73 7.66 16.21 4.32 87.94 11.98

CAR 55.76 14.39 25.73 1.19 81.49 15.58 71.90 4.78 21.98 1.34 93.88 6.12

Ilocos Region 33.55 25.96 7.85 2.54 41.40 28.50 92.71 2.47 4.82 97.53 2.47

Cagayan Valley 57.30 19.08 17.10 2.03 74.40 21.11 68.19 5.80 21.89 4.12 90.08 9.92

Central Luzon 53.38 29.04 12.90 1.39 66.28 30.43 94.51 1.89 3.59 98.10 1.89

CALABARZON 56.48 31.31 5.12 2.56 61.60 33.87 93.44 0.49 5.51 0.57 98.95 1.06

MIMAROPA 53.26 26.28 13.95 2.24 67.21 28.52 83.96 2.70 13.27 0.06 97.23 2.76

Bicol Region 65.39 21.76 8.09 1.18 73.48 22.94 85.51 1.03 12.86 0.60 98.37 1.63

Western Visayas 44.41 40.52 2.87 4.73 47.28 45.25 42.89 25.31 15.71 14.90 58.60 40.21

Central Visayas 33.32 37.08 9.91 12.37 43.23 49.45 27.44 31.15 13.56 27.85 41.00 59.00

Eastern Visayas 65.64 16.70 12.32 2.75 77.96 19.45 77.85 4.55 13.83 3.77 91.68 8.32

Zamboanga Peninsula 75.29 14.14 7.55 0.83 82.84 14.97 66.11 17.67 10.30 5.78 76.41 23.45

Northern Mindanao 74.15 17.11 4.92 1.12 79.07 18.23 68.65 10.12 13.61 7.43 82.26 17.55

Davao Region 45.55 39.74 7.68 3.76 53.23 43.50 74.55 12.75 10.29 2.41 84.84 15.16

SOCCSKSARGEN 36.83 39.75 5.19 12.79 42.02 52.54 70.19 1.87 26.01 1.93 96.20 3.80

Caraga 58.21 26.39 9.62 1.54 67.83 27.93 65.49 4.19 27.55 2.76 93.04 6.95

ARMM 88.25 7.12 2.62 1.21 90.87 8.33 83.86 3.34 12.23 0.57 96.09 3.91


IN CASHIN KIND IN CASH IN KIND

REGION

IN CASH IN CASH

BOTH SEXES BOTH SEXES

IN KINDIN KIND IN CASH IN KINDIN KIND

CORN

MALE FEMALE

PALAY

MALE FEMALE

IN CASH

42

Table 53. (cont')

PHILIPPINES 66.21 17.3 11.24 2.87 77.45 20.17

CAR 63.23 9.94 24 1.26 87.23 11.2

Ilocos Region 45.21 22.03 6.97 2.01 52.18 24.04

Cagayan Valley 64.70 12.53 17.89 2.75 82.59 15.28

Central Luzon 63.81 21.56 11.21 1.02 75.02 22.58

CALABARZON 73.18 18.43 4.15 1.59 77.33 20.02

MIMAROPA 65.61 17.29 13 1.43 78.61 18.72

Bicol Region 75.89 12.81 8.43 0.83 84.32 13.64

Western Visayas 54.45 25.67 10.57 5.36 65.02 31.03

Central Visayas 46.73 25.85 11.19 12.53 57.92 38.38

Eastern Visayas 70.80 12.84 12.17 2.4 82.97 15.24



Davao Region 59.69 26.71 8.83 2.89 68.52 29.6

SOCCSKSARGEN 60.41 17.51 14.69 5.43 75.1 22.94

Caraga 62.24 20.64 12.27 1.66 74.51 22.3

ARMM 87.02 7.11 4.83 0.69 91.85 7.8


BOTH SEXES

IN CASH

AGRICULTURE

IN KIND

MALE FEMALE

IN CASH IN KIND IN CASH IN KIND

REGION

43

Table 54. Agriculture: Percentage of farm households employing hired workers by farm activity, crop and sex, Philippines, 2015

MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE MALE FEMALE

Seedbed preparation

Land preparation 95.36 4.64 94.87 5.13 95.65 95.29 4.71

Plowing 98.77 0.97 99.90 0.10 98.97 0.82

Harrowing 96.64 3.36 98.66 1.34 97.16 2.84

Furrowing 99.77 0.23 100.00 99.77 0.23

Levelling 97.96 2.04 97.96 2.04

Distribution of planting materials 100.00 100.00

Mending/Care of seedlings 93.33 6.67 77.88 22.12 89.29 10.71 78.70 21.30

Pulling & bundling of seedlings 60.72 39.28 60.72 39.28

Cutting of planting materials 95.45 4.55

Planting / Transplanting / Replanting 74.32 25.68 64.56 35.44 70.41 29.59

Irrigation / Watering 99.18 0.82 100.00 99.20 0.80

Care of crops

Mechanical weeding 89.47 10.53 71.69 28.31 75.36 24.64

Manual weeding 81.60 18.40 78.63 21.37 97.50 2.50 73.53 26.47 81.00 19.00

Fertilizer application 98.87 1.13 76.07 23.93 95.00 5.00 79.09 20.91 90.78 9.22

Chemical application 99.81 0.19 98.99 1.01 100.00 100.00 99.52 0.48

Picking of snails 66.67 33.33 66.67 33.33

Off-barring 98.73 1.27 100.00 98.73 1.27

Hilling-up 98.72 1.28 100.00 98.72 1.28

Clearing of underbrush 97.70 2.30

Rolling over of cover crops 97.83 2.17

Harvesting 74.46 25.54 62.85 37.15 100.00 87.14 12.86 69.90 30.10

Threshing 92.56 7.44 92.56 7.44

Shelling 84.54 15.46 84.54 15.46

Gathering / Piling of nuts 97.41 2.59

Hauling 97.95 2.05 97.61 2.39 99.60 97.88 2.12

Husking / detasseling of corn 71.15 28.85 100.00 71.15 28.85

Splitting of nuts 98.23 1.77

Removal of coconut meat 93.33 6.67

Drying 97.18 2.82 96.64 3.36 98.54 96.92 3.08

Winnowing/Blowing 96.43 3.57 96.43 3.57

CORN AGRICULTUREFARM ACTIVITY

PALAY COCONUT SUGARCANE

PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY 16

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EDSA, corner Quezon Avenue, Quezon City, Philippines 1100

Telefax No.: +63(2) 376-1954

URL: http://psa.gov.ph

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