research and development of iwrmresearch and ......agricultural water and exploitation of water...

1The 4th IWA-ASPIREFuture Water Cycling System for Low-Carbon and Energy-Saving in Asia Pacific Region Workshop2011. 10. 5., Tokyo International Forum, Tokyo, Japan

Research and Development of IWRMResearch and Development of IWRM Technologies for Low-Carbon and

Energy Saving Water Uses in KoreaEnergy-Saving Water Uses in Korea

Sung KIM (金勝), directorSustainable Water Resources Research Center

Korea Institute of Construction Technology

2

Korea has extremely variable climate.

3000

Seoul annual precipitation ( 1777 ~ 2007)

2500

3000

Ann. Prcp

2000

m) Great Drought

5-yr Mv. Avg

1000

1500

연강수량(mm

500

1000

Avg: 1214 mmStd: 383 mm

01770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

• Data Sources: KMA, JG Jeon, and GH Lim

3

Korea is classified as “water stress country.”R bl W t R 1 471 33//Renewable Water Resources: 1,471 mm33/p/p

※ Source: http://www.unep.org/dewa/vitalwater/article69.html

4

Water Withdrawal Ratio is very high.(Korea: 35 6% Highest among NE Asian Countries)(Korea: 35.6% Highest among NE Asian Countries)

Thus, difficult to manage water resources.

GW use increasesGW use increases (www.gims.go.kr)

• 10% of total water use (3.7 bil/yr)• Intensive use (37mm/yr)• 50% of observation wells show

water level decreasing while 33% increasingincreasing

• After 20yrs, GW level may be decreased by 58cm and 4 3 bildecreased by 58cm and 4.3 bil. CM of GW storage would be lost.

• Many small- and mid-sizedMany small and mid sized streams have been dried up after flood season.

Drought occurs every 5Drought occurs every 5--7 yr period since 1970’s.7 yr period since 1970’s.g yg y y py p

7

5년

6년

6년

7년

7년946

※ Deviation of annual rainfall expands gradually.Source: Hwang (2009)Source: Hwang (2009)

g y

7

Korea has solved fundamental needs for water management by around 1990 But

before afterAround 1990

management by around 1990. But . . .

before afterAround 1990

Water shortage,Floods

Water quality, Sustainability, C fli t Cli t ChFloods

T d li

Conflicts, Climate Change

N d li

IWRMD L Pl t

Top-down policy Needs new policy

IWRM(technology)

Dams, Levees, Plants(money)

Sustainable WR R&D Programg

Period 2001. 8. 1 – 2011. 3. 31

147.5 B Won (Gov. 73%, Industries 27%)Budget

77 orgs (Univ. 28, Res 11, Industry 13), 800 peopleParticipants

MOST 70%, MOCT 30%Ministries

2001 2nd Phase 200720041st Phase 20113rd Phase

TechDev.

Component/InfraDevelopment

Prototype SystemDevelopment

System Development(Int., Surf, GW, Alt.)

Implementation of IWRM

TechImp

Implementation of IWRMTools

System ImplementationComponent Tech Applicationmp. Application

Foundation for water management has been established by the WR Research Program

SW tools for WR

established by the WR Research Program.

SW tools for WR design, Planning and operation

HW tools forHW tools for investigation and monitoring

Water savingWater saving technologies: reuse, recycling, d li i tidesalinization, artificial recharge, rain harvest

9

WR Planning, Design and Operation SW

Developed and implemented for National WR mgmtK-WEAP

통합수자원평가계획모형(K-WEAP)

IRMHyGIS

• Integrated River •HyGIS (Hydro

• K-WEAP(Korea Water Evaluation

Management System• Multi-purpose dams• ADB projects

y ( yGeographic ImformationSystem)

and planning System)

•311 orgs., 1,150 users

10

WR Planning, Design and Operation SW

Urban development, River management SWCAT RAMSHDAMS / SWMM-GE

www.watercycle.re.kr

• CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle

•RAMS (River analysis and Modeling System)

• HDAMS(Hydrologic Data Acquisition & Management)

Assessment Tool)

11

WR Investigation toolsTraditional tools with advanced ITs

•Image River Stage•GPS Floating Bar

• R2V2• Remote Control Monitoring BoatImage River Stage

Monitoring System g

• 1.2m, 2.5m/s

12

Water Saving, Reuse and DesalinationNew and traditional technologies

• Carbon Electrode •TDR• Agricultural Water Reuse

Desalination•Automated Leakage Detecting Pipe

13

Capacity Building

74 Ph.ds, 347 Masters (89% works in water fields)Weekly newsletter for 15,000New Tech Users MeetingsNew Tech Exhibitions

14

Green Growth Korea

Basis of new economic growth strategy in the faces of t d ’ l thtoday’s low growth economy

Eco-innovation and fostering green industryThe Korean Government adopted the “National StrategyThe Korean Government adopted the National Strategy

and Five-Year Plan for Green Growth” in 2009By 2020 30% of CO2 Emission Reduction yBy 2020 World 7th Green Power

Mitigating climate changeCreating new engines for economic growthImproving quality of life

Summary and Prospects

Sustainable Water Resources Research and Development Program (SWRRP) was effective toDevelopment Program (SWRRP) was effective to improve WR technologies for Korea.

Before the program launched (1991-2000), Koreans published 24 SCI papers, during the program period (2001-2010), published 385 SCI papers for researched area. .

Technology potentials are assessed to be 3 7Technology potentials are assessed to be 3.7 billion cubic meters of water (about 10% of national water uses) if appliednational water uses) if applied.

During the research period, 100 million cubic meters of water have been created through technological implementaion.

Korea can facilitate “Green Growth” policy for Low-Carbon and Energy-Saving by implementing

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IWRM technologies.

Thank you very muchhttp://water21.re.kr

Low‐Carbon and Energy‐Saving Efforts Using Agricultural Water

Masahiro Goto

National Institute for Rural Engineering, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization

Renewable Energy Systems, Renewable Resources Engineering Division,National Institute for Rural Engineering

Agriculture and Food Research Organization

Water Circulation and Agricultural WaterWater Circulation and Agricultural Water

Fallen/melting snow

Reservoir

Evapotranspiration

Intake weir

RiIrrigation channel

Precipitation

66% of waterRiverIrrigation channel

Irrigated paddy

66% of water intake is used in Agricultureg

In order to produce good‐quality crops, it is necessary to distribute good‐quality water and then remove water rapidly dams, intake weir, irrigation/drainage channels, etc. are

Renewable Energy Systems, Renewable Resources Engineering Division, National Institute for Rural Engineering

developed for this purpose.

Example of agricultural irrigation/drainage channelsToyama Prefecture water/farmland map

Irrigation: ArteryIrrigation: ArteryDrainage: Vein


An example of irrigation volume

25

An example of irrigation volume

20

Ｓ５３

Ｓ５４

19781979

15

/ｓ

）(m

3 /s)

10

取水

量（

m3

Water intake (

5

0４

月

５

月

６

月

７

月

８

月

９

月April May June July August September


月月月月月月

Energy Consumption in Agricultural Water Use

Irrigation: information, communication and control facilities for driving valves, gates, pumps, etc. of dams, intake g , p p , ,weirs and channels

Drainage: information communication andDrainage: information, communication and control facilities for driving pump t ti d t ll t fl d tstations, dust collectors, floodgates, etc.


Energy Production Using Agricultural Water FacilitiesEnergy Production Using Agricultural Water Facilities


Energy Production by Micro HydroelectricEnergy Production by Micro HydroelectricWater energy is converted to electric energy

P(kW): Generated output, Q(m3/s): Flow rate, H(m): Effective headη: Efficiency (efficiency of generator, water turbine, etc.≒0.72)η c e cy (e c e cy o ge e ato , ate tu b e, etc 0 )

P(kW) P(kW) ≒≒ 7 7 ×× flow rate flow rate ×× headheadIntake water level

ChannelPenstock

Flow rate

Generated output

Intake water level

Head

Generator

Water turbine

Tail water level

From the website of the National Federation of Land Improvement Associations



Reasons to promote micro hydroelectric generation using

l lagricultural water:

1. Terrain conditions (head)( )2. Water utilization conditions (flow rate)3 F ili di i (d3. Facility conditions (dams, water

channels)Renewable Energy Systems, Renewable Resources Engineering Division,

National Institute for Rural Engineering

channels)

Agricultural Water and Exploitation of Water Power 1942:Agricultural water mills for rice milling, turbines, etc.: 78,000 units73 000 units of which are conventional water mills73,000 units of which are conventional water mills

1952: Agricultural/Fishing Villages Electricity Introduction Programg / g g y gLand improvement districts, agricultural cooperatives,

municipalities, forestry cooperatives, etc. constructed power plants.About 200 plants in total have been constructed.

1983: Land Improvement Project1983: Land Improvement ProjectEnabled the construction of power plants as a new type of construction and renovation within the framework of irrigation/ g /drainage projects (agricultural land development since 1985)Power generation has started in 26 districts.


Districts of micro hydroelectric installation in a project of the Rural Development Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, y g , y

Tainai district

Kajikawa waterfront district

Nishime district

Mabechigawa waterfront district

Hasamakawa upstream

Project district name

(maximum output)

Gojo district

New Aimoto district

Shogawa right bank

Hasamakawa upstream district

Northern Aizu district

Aizu Miyakawa districtShogawa right bank

district

Shogawa district

Uchio River district

Shin Asaka district

Nasunogahara district

Nakajima district

Kamigou districtBihoku district

Yoshi’igawa d t di t i t

Chushindaira 2nd Stage district

(Nagano Prefecture)

Completed development: 26 districts

Ryochiku plain district

Jusan Zukabaru district

Kinpo district

Onohara district

Oyodogawa left bank

downstream district

Takada district

Kawakoda district

Land improvement project such as irrigation and drainage: 22 districts

Comprehensive rural improvement program: 4

districts

Planned/under construction:


Kinpo district

Southern So’o districtNishimoro district

(Miyazaki prefecture)

Oyodogawa left bank district

Nanki Shimanose district(Wakayama Prefecture)

Oigawa Yosui district (Shizuoka Prefecture)

Kashimo Ogo district (Gifu Prefecture)

Planned/under construction: 5 districts

Irrigation and drainage/comprehensive

rural, etc.



Potential of Micro HydroelectricPotential of Micro HydroelectricDistribution of small and medium hydroelectric installations by output (number of spots)

Under 1,000(kW)

(Number of spots)

Not yet developed

Already developed

Over 100,000(Output)

Under construction

Source: a survey by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (as of March 31 2007)


Source: a survey by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (as of March 31, 2007)

Comparison with GermanyComparison with GermanyGermany (2002) Plants of over 1,000kW: 403 y ( ) ,

Plants of under 1,000kW: 5,500

Japan (2005) Plants of over 1,000kW： 1,407Plants of under 1,000kW: 437Plants of under 1,000kW: 437

In Germany, small hydroelectric plants with outputIn Germany, small hydroelectric plants with output under 5,000kW increased from 7,201 to 7,524 during the period from 2005 to 2006. In other words, as manythe period from 2005 to 2006. In other words, as many as 300 power plants were built in one year. Average output is 160kW.


output is 160kW.

Potential of Micro Hydroelectric GenerationAgricultural water‐use facilitiesDams: 1,000Head works: 3,000Reservoirs: 210,000A i lt l t h l 45 000kAgricultural water channels: 45,000km

→Spots with a head and waterIn addition we have more favorable rainfall/terrain conditions

According to Kobayashi (2010)

In addition, we have more favorable rainfall/terrain conditions compared with those in Germany.

According to Kobayashi (2010)100‐1,000kW: Several thousand spots10 100kW: Tens of thousands of spots10‐100kW: Tens of thousands of spots

Yamanashi Prefecture (2010.11)Micro hydroelectric in the prefecture: 745


Micro hydroelectric in the prefecture: 745

Milieu R (Takeoka): 860,000 yen

runs 55km at 45km/h

REVA (Made in India): 2 million yen runs 110km at 60km/hruns 55km at 45km/h yen runs 110km at 60km/h

EV （H d ）ＳＥＥＤ（Terra Motors）

EV-neo（Honda）runs 30km at 30km/h

（）runs 35-45km at 30km/h

10km at 1kWhRenewable Energy Systems, Renewable Resources Engineering Division,

National Institute for Rural Engineering

Increasing the value of small water turbines

Max. output is 30kw at a 2.0m drop point of a main watercourse with a flow rate of 2.4m3/sp p p /


Micro hydroelectric in the futureMicro hydroelectric in the futureUp until now micro hydroelectric generation has been used for electricity salesMicro hydroelectric is considered as an energy source to substitute oilMicro hydroelectric is considered as an energy source to substitute oilIts impact has been limited to a narrow area related to electricity

Micro hydroelectric generation →Local production and local consumptionLocal production and local consumption

Electric cars, smart grid, direct utilization→will have a pervasive influence on the social

system, values and lifestyle, for example.


Villages are Energy SourcesCurrent state

Farming and mountain villages =

Society we should create

Farming and mountain villages Remote area based on fossil fuel

g g= source of natural energy

• Farming and mountain villages have g guntapped local resources and renewable resources

• Build a system for effective utilization of resources through their circulation

Dependency on fossil resources

gwithin the region/basin zone.

• Potential water power of the region is the most effective resource, as principal, and it also contributes to the

Now we cannot continue to rely on exhaustible resources.

principal, and it also contributes to the prevention of global warming.

Utilization of water power resources

Farming and mountain villages cannot survive in the current social system.

It is possible to build a sustainable local economy using local resources as principal.


the current social system.

research and development of iwrmresearch and ......agricultural water and exploitation of water...

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