research and the research topic

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Research and the Research Topic

Research Defined

- Purposive, systematic and scientific process of gathering, analyzing,

classifying, organizing, presenting, and interpreting data for the solution of a

problem, for prediction, for invention, for the discovery of the truth, or for the

expansion or verification of existing knowledge, all for the preservation and

improvement of the quality of human life

The Research Problem

- The research problem is any significant, perplexing, and challenging

situation, real or artificial, the solution of which requires reflective thinking

(Calderon, 2006)

Elements

- Aim or Purpose (Why?)

- Subject Matter or Topic to be Investigated (What?)

- Place or Locale (Where?)

- Population or Universe from whom the data are to be collected (Who? Or

From Whom?)

Guideline Questions

- What are you trying to investigate?

- What are you trying to assess, evaluate, determine or discover?

- Who are the participants/respondents of the study?

- Where is your research venue?

Tips

- Significant, important,

relevant

- It must be original

- Select a topic that you will

enjoy working with and will

find exciting and stimulating

for as long as possible

- Neither too narrow not too

broad



- Always consider practicality – doable, financially reasonable, data available or

accessible, safety

- Can be completed within a reasonable time, results are practical and

implementable

- Consider the CONTEXT of EACH WORD in your topic

- You can have a researh topic that will have the same output as your other

subects (Ecotourism, Hotel/Allied, Recreation Management, etc.)

- Research setting/locale must be within Cavite

-

Trends in Tourism Research

Number of articles in journals (1994-2004) in USA, Europe, Asia-Pacific

1. Tourist/Visitor Studies Important

Dates

2. Destinations

3. Tourism Planning

4. Marketing

5. Cultural Tourism

6. Economic Issues

7. Tourism Impacts

8. Tourism Trends

9. Tourism Research Issues and Methods

10.Hospitality

11.Ecotourism

12.Sustainable Devt.

13.Special Events

14.Transport

15.Management

16.Human resource

17.Environmental interpretation

18.Tourism policy



19.Tourism education and training

20.Sports and leisure

Important Dates – Midterm

Important Dates – Finals

Copyright, Plagiarism and Tourism Research

Prelim Lesson 2Fair Use

COPYRIGHT



- A set of exclusive rights granted to the author of an original work, including

the right to copy, distribute and adapt work

- Copyright is literally, the right to copy, or "the right to control copying“

- Users of content are able to exercise many of the exclusive rights granted to

copyright owners, such as reproduction, distribution and adaptation.

- Types of works subject to copyright:

• Books, maps, charts, engravings, prints, musical compositions,

dramatic works, photographs, paintings, drawings and sculptures ,

motion pictures, computer programs, sound recordings, choreography

and architectural works

- Copyright law is typically designed to protect the fixed expression or

manifestation of an idea rather than the fundamental idea itself

- Copyright does not protect ideas, only their expression

- The default length of copyright is the life of the author plus either 50 or 70years

Copyright Infringement

- The unauthorized or prohibited use of works under copyright, infringing the

copyright holder's exclusive rights, such as the right to reproduce or perform

the copyrighted work, or to make derivative works

FAIR USE

- A limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to

the author of a creative work

Fair Use Examples

- Commentary

- Criticism

- News Reporting

- Research

- Teaching

- Library Archiving

- Scholarship

Fair Use:

Common Misunderstandings



- Any use that seems fair is fair use

- Acknowledgement of the source makes a use fair

- Non-commercial use is fair use

- The lack of copyright notice means the work is public domain

- You can deny fair use by including a disclaimer

PLAGIARISM

- The "wrongful appropriation," "close imitation," or "purloining and

publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or

expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work

- Failing to include quotation and citations

- Modern concept: Immoral

- The moral concept of plagiarism is concerned with the unearned

increment to the plagiarizing author's reputation that is achieved throughfalse claims of authorship

Plagiarism – Consequences

- Academic dishonesty – expulsion

- Journalism – suspension to termination

- Loss of credibility and integrity

- In this subject:

• 1st offense – 0 in the activity/project

• 2nd offense – 0 in the term and an administrative case in SWAFO

Plagiarism – Acts

- Purchasing essay paper (personal or through internet)

- Borrowing another student’s paper from a previous work and calling it your

own

- Having someone else do your work (for free or for hire)

- Agreeing to do someone else’s work is equally wrong

- Claiming originality regarding material copied directly from outside sources.

In other words, deliberately failing to cite sources.

- Improperly documenting quoted, paraphrased or summarized source material



Sources

- Books

- Journals, manuscripts,

speeches, letters, etc.

- Newspapers and magazines

- Unpublished theses anddissertations

- Constitutions, laws, government

orders

- Records of institutions/offices

- Internet, videos, other e-media

Tips

- What is my research topic?

- What are the core words in

this topic?

- What are the relevant words,

synonyms and broader or

narrower terms?

- Are there any known

theories linked with my

topic?

- How can I bring the context

of what I want to research?

- What research methods best

suit my topic?

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Writing Chapter 1

Topic Outline:

- Introduction

- Background of the Study

- Statement of the Problem

- Hypothesis

- Significance of the Study

- Scope and Limitation of the Study

- Definition of Terms

Introduction

1. Start with the general ideas (global) and proceed to specific ideas (local)

2. Include legal bases (laws, ordinances, etc.) related to the study

3. Mention the research locale/environment and specific problems that led you

to conduct the study

Background of the Study



• First paragraph should link the last paragraph based on his/her experience

• This part gives the reader the context of your study

• It should be narrative

• It should be structured in such a way that it answers the questions regarding

research topic, basically describing what is happening in the industry that has

attracted your attention

• Introduction

• Background of the Study

• Statement of the Problem

• Hypothesis

• Significance of the Study

•

Scope and Limitation of the Study

• Definition of Terms

Statement of the Problem

1. Start by citing the main purpose of the study

2. State specific questions that you intend to answer. (1 or 2 questions

should deal with statistical analysis)

Hypothesis

• A hypothesis is a testable statement derived from a theory that proposes a

possible explanation to some phenomenon or event

• Express the hypothesis(es) in the null form

• The hypothesis should be based on the questions asked

Significance of the Study

1. Discuss the contributions of your study to the concerned sectors.

• Who will benefit from your study and how?

• Have one paragraph for each beneficiary

Scope and Limitation of the Study

1. Cite the following:



• specific areas or aspects that the study aims to investigate

• Timeframe

• Nature of the study

• Coverage

• Participants

2. Cite the limitations of your study by mentioning variables or factors that may

affect your findings but beyond your control or excluded from your

investigation

Definition of Terms

1. Terms or a phrase used throughout the study should be defined

OPERATIONALLY

2. The definitions should be expressed in complete sentences with the terms

as the subject of the sentence

3. Should be arranged alphabetically

4. Terms found in the following are usually defined:

• Title

• Statement of the problem

• Hypothesis

Can either be:

• Operational Definition – provides a meaning to a concept or variable that can

be communicated to other individuals. It is something that has the same

meaning yesterday, today and tomorrow to all individuals

• Conceptual Definition – definition from books, encyclopedia, etc; requires

citations

Bibliography

List all the sources of information by categorizing them into:

• Books

• Periodicals (includes newspapers, magazines, journals, etc.)

• Unpublished materials (thesis and dissertations)

• Others – all others that do not belong to A, B, C



ACTIVITY

Outlining

1. You are to make an outline of topics according to the parts of Chapter 1 of

the thesis

2. Each student of a group should be assigned at least 1 part per group

3. The outline must be written in a ½ sheet of yellow pad paper by the endof the class

1. Introduction

• General ideas

• Global

• Local

• Legal bases

• Problems

2. Background of the study

• Research locale

• Setting of the study

• Rationale

3. Statement of the Problem

• Purpose of the study

• Specific questions

• Statistical question(s)

4. Hypothesis(es)

• Null form

5. Significance of the Study

• Sectors

• Specific benefits

6. Scope and Limitation

• Scope

• Areas of investigation

• Timeframe

• Nature of the study

• Coverage

• Participants

• Limitations

• Variables

7. Definition of Terms

• List

8. Bibliography (After Chapter

2 and 3)

9. Appendices

Thesis Chapter 1

• Start doing your Thesis Chapter

1

• Your draft paper should be

submitted at least 2 days before

the Peer Evaluation

• Provide a copy for your teacher

and a soft copy for the peer

evaluators



• Attach the names of each

member with the specific

tasks/contributions

Peer Evaluation Committee

• The peer evaluation committee shall be comprised of the following:

- Chair – oversees the panel and all topics

- English panel – checks the grammar used throughout the study

- APA panel – checks whether the references matches the content; checks

citations

- Format panel – checks the formatting of the paper (font, font size, margin,

spacing, etc.)

- Content panel – checks the content’s accuracy, transition, logic, etc.

(Divide the parts of Chapter 1 among remaining members)

THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Writing Chapter 2

- The part includes discussion of principles, theories or opinions of experts or

authorities and recent studies conducted related to the problem being

investigated contained in books, periodicals, pamphlets, and other

authoritative printed sources of information

- These should be organized thematically, that is, the discussion is organized

around major topic type as side headings

- Cited studies or research literature should be integrated with the conceptual

literature in the course of the discussion

- Provide at least 10 local and 10 foreign literature

- Include at least 5 studies (both foreign and local)

- Cited studies should be 2001 onwards

- SYNTHESIS – comparative analysis of your study and the studies cited by

citing similarities and differences. What makes your study unique?



- THEORETICAL OR CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK – Used when the researcher

cannot find a theory applicable to the study; should be illustrated by a

paradigm

- Use the I-P-O Model

ACTIVITY

Outline

- Create an outline of topic for the body of your Related Literature

- Divide the topics among your members

- 1 member will be working on the synthesis

- 1 member will be working on the Paradigm

- This must be evaluated by your teacher before the end of the class

Chapter 2

- Start making the draft of your chapter 2

- Your draft paper should be submitted at least 2 days before the Peer

Evaluation

- Provide a copy for your teacher and a soft copy for the peer evaluators

- Attach the names of each member with the specific tasks/contributions

research and the research topic

Documents