research in gis/giscience @ucd computer science gisystems and giscience: research issues...
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Research in GIS/GIScienceResearch in GIS/GIScience
@UCD Computer Science@UCD Computer Science
GISystems and GIScience: GISystems and GIScience:
Research IssuesResearch Issues
• Multiresolution modelsMultiresolution models
• Automated map generalisationAutomated map generalisation
• Web-based and Mobile GISWeb-based and Mobile GIS
• Interoperable GISInteroperable GIS
MultiMultiresolution: Multiresolution: Multiple ple
Representations for Map DataRepresentations for Map Data
creek mouth
paper mill lakecreekriver
creek mouth
bridge
major road
paper mill lakecreekriver
intersection AB
minor road A minor road B
MultiMultiresolution: Multiresolution: Multiple ple
Representations for Map DataRepresentations for Map Data
creek mouth
bridge
major road
paper mill lakecreekriver
intersection AB
minor road A minor road B
MultiMultiresolution: Multiresolution: Multiple ple
Representations for Map DataRepresentations for Map Data
creek mouth
bridge
major road
paper mill lakecreekriver
intersection AB
minor road A minor road B
MultiMultiresolution: Multiresolution: Multiple ple
Representations for Map DataRepresentations for Map Data
Map Generalization
creek mouth
bridge
major road
paper mill lakecreekriver
intersection AB
minor road A minor road B
bridge
major road
paper mill lakeriver
minor road A
Extraction of a less detailed version of a mapExtraction of a less detailed version of a map
Generalization OperationsGeneralization Operations SelectionSelection
AggregationAggregation
CollapseCollapse
SymbolizationSymbolization
SimplificationSimplification
ExaggerationExaggeration
DisplacementDisplacement
H
Geometric Problems in Geometric Problems in Map GeneralizationMap Generalization
Simplification of linesSimplification of lines: empirical solutions and partial : empirical solutions and partial theoretical solutions [Douglas and Peucker 1973]theoretical solutions [Douglas and Peucker 1973]
Preservation of consistencyPreservation of consistency (no illegal overlap): need (no illegal overlap): need for a posteriori checksfor a posteriori checks
Automated map generalization: open problemAutomated map generalization: open problem
Multiple Representations for Multiple Representations for
Terrain DataTerrain Data
Multiple Representations for Multiple Representations for Terrain DataTerrain Data
Related Related problemsproblems::
simplification/refinement of the domain simplification/refinement of the domain subdivisionsubdivision
efficient data structuresefficient data structures
efficient algorithms for hierarchical query efficient algorithms for hierarchical query and reasoningand reasoning
A Multilevel TIN
MultiMultipleple Representations for Representations for TerrainsTerrains
• Efficient data structures including vertical links: Efficient data structures including vertical links: efficient hierarchical reasoning efficient hierarchical reasoning
• Algorithms for hierarchical spatial queries Algorithms for hierarchical spatial queries
• Algorithm for hierarchical overlay of plane Algorithm for hierarchical overlay of plane subdivisions subdivisions
• Visibility computation on hierarchical TINsVisibility computation on hierarchical TINs
Hierarchical Point LocationHierarchical Point Location
t0
t1
t2
t3
Web-Based GISWeb-Based GIS
Internet
RiversRoadsImagesSoils, Veg ...
Distributed DBs
Mobile GISMobile GIS
Issues: GIS and GPS integrationIssues: GIS and GPS integration
EfficientEfficient Transmission Transmission
Remote access through slow communication links: need Remote access through slow communication links: need for coarser versions of the dataset to perform preliminary for coarser versions of the dataset to perform preliminary analysisanalysis (progressive transmission) (progressive transmission)
Available: Available:
- interleaving/compression techniques for raster data- interleaving/compression techniques for raster data
- compression mechanisms for terrain data- compression mechanisms for terrain data
No implementation for map dataNo implementation for map data
Progressive TransmissionProgressive Transmission
Progressive Vector Transmission: Progressive Vector Transmission: A SolutionA Solution
BBased on a ased on a client-serverclient-server architecture: pre-compute a architecture: pre-compute a sequence of consistent representations at lower levels of sequence of consistent representations at lower levels of detail on the server site and transmit them in order of detail on the server site and transmit them in order of increasing detailincreasing detail
client
level 3level 4
server
full detail
level 1level 2level 3level 4
...
Multiresolution for Progressive Multiresolution for Progressive TransmissionTransmission
Client Server
Vector Maps Library
.....
Map 1
Map n
Vector map request
Transmit vector map
OK!
InteroperabilityInteroperability
OpenGIS consortium: OGCOpenGIS consortium: OGC
((www.opengis.org)) At the representation level: standard At the representation level: standard
model specificationsmodel specifications Format: GMLFormat: GML Processes Processes Web servers Web servers Mobile applicationsMobile applications
Geography Markup Geography Markup Language (GML)Language (GML)
XML-based language for exchanging spatial XML-based language for exchanging spatial data data
Geographic data content represented in text Geographic data content represented in text formform
XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language XSLT (Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations) used to transform GML data Transformations) used to transform GML data into a suitable graphics format (e.g., SVG)into a suitable graphics format (e.g., SVG)
Scalable Vector Graphics Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)(SVG)
Text-based vector data formatText-based vector data format Easily compressedEasily compressed SVG elements directly correspond to SVG elements directly correspond to
GML featuresGML features SVG viewer: PocketSVG viewer from SVG viewer: PocketSVG viewer from
CSIROCSIRO
1. 1. Knowledge Management Knowledge Management for for
Geo-Spatial ImageryGeo-Spatial Imagery
2.2.CoMPASS: Combining Mobile CoMPASS: Combining Mobile Personalised Personalised
Applications with Applications with Spatial Spatial ServicesServices
3.3. MEMS: Mobile MEMS: Mobile Environmental Environmental Management Management SystemSystem
PROJECTSPROJECTS
KnowledgeKnowledge Management for Management for Geo-Spatial ImageryGeo-Spatial Imagery (MaGIK) (MaGIK)
Sponsor:Sponsor: 2001 Enterprise Ireland 2001 Enterprise Ireland Research Innovation FundResearch Innovation Fund
Participants:Participants: M. Bertolotto, M. Bertolotto, D. Wilson, D. Wilson, Eoin McLoughlin, Eoin McLoughlin, Dympna O’SullivanDympna O’Sullivan
Sketch-based Geo-Spatial Sketch-based Geo-Spatial Image RetrievalImage Retrieval
Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management
Image Database
Knowledge Base
MaGIK: on-going workMaGIK: on-going work
MaGIK Mobile: transferring MaGIK to the MaGIK Mobile: transferring MaGIK to the mobile platformmobile platform
GUI development: current 4GUI development: current 4thth year project year project
Sponsor:Sponsor: 2002 Enterprise Ireland 2002 Enterprise Ireland Advanced Technologies Research Advanced Technologies Research
ProgrammeProgramme
Participants:Participants: M. Bertolotto, M. Bertolotto, D. Wilson, D. Wilson, Julie Doyle, Julie Doyle, Dan Lynch, Dan Lynch, Joe Weakliam, Joe Weakliam, Helen Min ZhouHelen Min Zhou Eoin McAoidhEoin McAoidh
CoMPASS: Combining Mobile CoMPASS: Combining Mobile Personalised Applications with Personalised Applications with Spatial ServicesSpatial Services
Location-Based ServicesLocation-Based Services
Spatial ServicesSpatial Services
Associated text message
• Display maps
• Annotate maps
• Personalise maps
Technologies EmployedTechnologies Employed
Oracle Spatial database and application Oracle Spatial database and application serverserver
Java application programsJava application programs JDBCJDBC GML and SVGGML and SVG Pocket PC with GPS receiverPocket PC with GPS receiver Web clientWeb client
Web-based GUI: Web-based GUI: OpenMap OpenMap
Opensource GIS sw packageOpensource GIS sw package
Java-basedJava-based
Web-based GUI to Oracle Spatial DBWeb-based GUI to Oracle Spatial DB
OpenMap GUIOpenMap GUINavigation Panels
Message Panel
Tool Panel and Menu
Desktop watcher
Topology Property Dialog
Map Panel
Attribute Panel
OpenMap GUIOpenMap GUI
Mobile GUIMobile GUI GMLGML
SVGSVG
iPaq Pocket PCiPaq Pocket PC
Interface for Pocket PCInterface for Pocket PC
Sponsor:Sponsor: 2004 Enterprise Ireland 2004 Enterprise Ireland Innovation Partnership ProgrammeInnovation Partnership Programme
Participants:Participants: M. Bertolotto, M. Bertolotto, A. RizziniA. Rizzini
In collaboration withIn collaboration with: : Digital Media Centre, Digital Media Centre, DITDIT
E-Spatial Solutions Ltd.E-Spatial Solutions Ltd.
MEMS: MEMS: Mobile Environmental Mobile Environmental Management System Management System
Mobile Environmental Mobile Environmental Management System Management System
Deliver text-based field data sheets used by Deliver text-based field data sheets used by scientist of the Canadian Department of scientist of the Canadian Department of Fisheries and OceanFisheries and Ocean Plus Plus
additional multimedia informationadditional multimedia information
to a spatially-enabled DB with mobile to a spatially-enabled DB with mobile accessaccess
Digital Photos,
Maps, etc.
Oracle SpatialText-based
info
+