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A study to assess the health hazards of junk foods and the

effectiveness of life style modification package among

adolescent girls at Hilton Matriculation Higher Secondary

School, Chrompet, Chennai

AUTHOR :-

1. G. Hemalata Shekharan, MSc Nursing, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing,

Sree Balaji College Of Nursing, Bharath University, Tamil Nadu, India

2. Dr. V. Hemavathy, Principal and Professor, Department of Mental Health Nursing, Sree

Balaji College Of Nursing, Bharath University, Tamil Nadu, India.

3. Dr. Satyalatha Sarathi, Vice Principal and Professor, Department of Obstetrics and

Gynecology Nursing, Sree Balaji College Of Nursing, Bharath University, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT :-

Junk foods taste good that’s why it is mostly liked by everyone of any age group

especially kids and school going children. They generally ask for the junk food daily because

they have been trend so by their parents from the childhood. They never have been discussed by

their parents about the harmful effects of junk foods over health. According to the research by

scientists, it has been found that junk foods have negative effects on the health in many ways.

They are generally fried food found in the market in the packets. They become high in calories,

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Volume 9, Issue 2, February 2020

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http://adalyajournal.com/95

high in cholesterol, low in healthy nutrients, high in sodium mineral, high in sugar, starch,

unhealthy fat, lack of protein and lack of dietary fibers.

Processed and junk foods are the means of rapid and unhealthy weight gain and

negatively impact the whole body throughout the life. It makes able a person to gain excessive

weight which is called as obesity. Junk foods tastes good and looks good however do not fulfill

the healthy calorie requirement of the body. Some of the foods like French fries, fried foods,

pizza, burgers, candy, soft drinks, baked goods, ice cream, cookies, etc are the example of high-

sugar and high-fat containing foods. It is found according to the Centres for Disease Control and

Prevention that Kids and children eating junk food are more prone to the type-2 diabetes. In

type-2 diabetes our body become unable to regulate blood sugar level. Risk of getting this

disease is increasing as one become more obese or overweight. It increases the risk of kidney

failure.

KEYWORDS :

Health Hazards, Junk Foods, Effectiveness, Lifestyle Modification Package, Adolescent

INTRODUCTION :-

Eating junk food daily lead us to the nutritional deficiencies in the body because it is lack

of essential nutrients, vitamins, iron, minerals and dietary fibers. It increases risk of

cardiovascular diseases because it is rich in saturated fat, sodium and bad cholesterol. High

sodium and bad cholesterol diet increases blood pressure and overloads the heart functioning.

One who like junk food develop more risk to put on extra weight and become fatter and

unhealthier. Junk foods contain high level carbohydrate which spike blood sugar level and make

person more lethargic, sleepy and less active and alert. Reflexes and senses of the people eating

this food become dull day by day thus they live more sedentary life. Junk foods are the source of

constipation and other disease like diabetes, heart ailments, clogged arteries, heart attack,

strokes, etc because of being poor in nutrition.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY :-

RESEARCH APPROACH - Evaluative research approach will be used to assess the

effectiveness of life style modification package regarding health hazards of junk foods.

RESEARCH DESIGN :- A researcher’s overall plan for obtaining answers to the research

questions or testing the research hypothesis is referred to as the research design. Research

design helps the investigator in selection of subjects, manipulation of experimental variables,

and control of extraneous variables, procedure of data collection and the type of statistical

analyses to be used to interpret the data.

TABLE - Research design used in the study is pre experimental one group pre test post test

design.

GROUP/S PRE TEST (01) INTERVENTION (X) POST TEST (02)

ONE GROUP

Key :

01: Assessment of level of health hazards related to junk foods among adolescent girls by Pre-

test

X: Lifestyle modification package regarding health hazards related to junk foods.

02: Assessment of level of health hazards related to junk foods among adolescent girls by Post-

test.

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SETTING OF THE STUDY - The study will be conducted among adolescent girls studying

in Hilton Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Chrompet, Chennai.

POPULATION - All adolescent girls of age group of 15-19 years old in Hilton

Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Chrompet, Chennai.

SAMPLE - The sample of the study will be adolescent girls, whose age group will be 15-19

years and studying in the 10th to 12th standard in Hilton Matriculation Higher Secondary

School, Chrompet, Chennai and those who are fulfilling the inclusion criteria are the sample

of the study.

SAMPLE SIZE- The sample size for the study will be 60, between the age group of 15-19

years old.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE - The Non Probability Convenient sampling techniques was

applied in this study to select the samples.

SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS:

Data collection tools are the procedures or the instruments used by the researcher to observe or

measure key variables in the research (Polit and Hungler 1999). The tool acts as the best

instruments to assess and collect data from the respondents of the study.

Questionnaire and Checklist was an appropriate and effective method to evaluate the

effectiveness of the adolescent girls. The main strengths behind development of the tool are

review of research and non- research materials on relevant topics regarding junk foods hazards.

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DEVELOPMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL:

Data collection tool consist of two aspects with following items:

Tool - 1. Demographic variables –

It includes the items of selected demographic variables of adolescent girls comprising of Age

Religion, Type of family, Family Size, Bread Winner of Family, Family income per month,

Father’s Education Level, Mother’s Education Level, Occupation of the breadwinner, Dietary

Preference

Tool 2. Checklist to assess the health hazards of junk food which includes 35 questions of

which are divided into 4 different sections such as : lifestyle practices, general condition, dietary

pattern and dietary behavior.

The maximum score was 140. To interpret level of hazards to health related to junk foods the

scores were distributed as follows:

TABLE - 1 :- To interpret level of hazards related to junk foods the scores were distributed as

follows:

SCORING STRATEGY SCORING

RANGE

Low risk for health hazards 100 – 140

Moderate risk for health hazards 75 – 99

High risk for health hazards 35 - 74

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RESULT :-

The findings of the study are discussed in the terms of objectives and hypothesis of the study-

Sample Characteristics-

Regarding the Age group category 67% (40) Adolescent girls were below the age group of

15-16 years, 30% (18) were 17-18 years and 03% (02) were 18-19 years and No one were

being of age 19-20years in the group.

In religion 77% (46) Adolescent girls were Hindu, 13% (08) Adolescent girls were Muslim,

10% (06) Adolescent girls were Christian and No one were belongs to other category in the

group.

In type of family 30% (18) Adolescent girls were belongs to joint family, 68% (41)

Adolescent girls were belongs to nuclear family, No one were belongs to extended family

and 02% (01) Adolescent girls were belongs to others category.

In family size 30% (18) Adolescent girls were belongs to less than 4 Members, 55% (33)

Adolescent girls were belongs to 4-6 Members, 08% (05) Adolescent girls were belongs to 7-

10 Members and 07% (04) Adolescent girls were belongs to more than 10 Members

category.

In bread winner of family category 78% (47) Adolescent girls were indicated Father, 17%

(10) Adolescent girls were indicated Mother, 05% (03) Adolescent girls were indicated Both

and No one were belongs to other category in the group.

In family income per annum 55% (33) Adolescent girls belongs to lower income group that

is Below Rs. 2.5 lakh/annum, 30% (18) Adolescent girls belongs to middle income group

that is Rs. 2.5 – 5 lakh/annum, 08% (05) Adolescent girls belongs to upper middle income

group that is Rs. 5.1 - 10 lakh/annum and 07% (04) Adolescent girls belongs to upper income

group that is Above Rs. 10 lakh/annum.

In Father’s Education status 15% (09) Adolescent girls were belongs to Less Than High

School, 08% (05) Adolescent girls were belongs to High School, 18% (11) Adolescent girls

were belongs to Higher Secondary and 59% (35) Adolescent girls were belongs to Higher

Studies.

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In Mother’s Education status 33% (20) Adolescent girls were belongs to Less Than High

School, 12% (07) Adolescent girls were belongs to High School, 12% (07) Adolescent girls

were belongs to Higher Secondary and 43% (26) Adolescent girls were belongs to Higher

Studies.

In Occupation of the breadwinner status 12% (07) Adolescent girls were belongs to

Government Service, 48% (29) Adolescent girls were belongs to Private Sector, 30% (18)

Adolescent girls were belongs to Business and 10% (06) Adolescent girls were belongs to

Other.

In Dietary Preference status 02% (07) Adolescent girls were belongs to Vegetarian category,

25% (15) Adolescent girls were belongs to Non Vegetarian category, 65% (39) Adolescent

girls were belongs to Both category and 02% (01) Adolescent girls were belongs to Other.

Comparison of pre test and post test assessment score of health hazards of junk foods and

effectiveness of lifestyle modification package among adolescent girls.

Level of Health

Hazards

Pre-test Post-test

Score Percentzge Score Percentage

Low 03 05% 13 22%

Moderate 54 90% 46 76%

High 03 05% 01 02%

Total 60 100% 60 100 %

Table – 2 : Shows the comparison of pre test and post test assessment score of health

hazards of junk foods among adolescent girls in which, in the pre-test assessment, 03 (05%)

had mild health hazards, 54 (90%) had moderate health hazards and 03 (05%) had severe

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health hazards of junk foods among adolescent girls and in post test assessment 13 (22%)

had mild health hazards, 46 (76%) had moderate health hazards and 13 (22%) had severe

health hazards of junk foods among adolescent girls at Hilton Matriculation Higher

Secondary School, Chrompet, Chennai.

Figure – 1 : Shows the comparison of pre test and post test assessment score of

health hazards of junk foods among adolescent girls in which, in the pre-test assessment, 03

(05%) had mild health hazards, 54 (90%) had moderate health hazards and 03 (05%) had

severe health hazards of junk foods among adolescent girls and in post test assessment 13

(22%) had mild health hazards, 46 (76%) had moderate health hazards and 13 (22%) had

severe health hazards of junk foods among adolescent girls at Hilton Matriculation Higher

Secondary School, Chrompet, Chennai.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Low Moderate High

33%37%

30%

7%

20%

73%

Post Test Pre Test

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MAJOR FINDINGS OF THE STUDY :-

Shows that in age group category 67% (40) Adolescent girls were below the age group of

15-16 years, 30% (18) were 17-18 years and 03% (02) were 18-19 years and No one were being

of age 19-20years in the group. In religion 77% (46) Adolescent girls were Hindu, 13% (08)

Adolescent girls were Muslim, 10% (06) Adolescent girls were Christian and No one were

belongs to other category in the group. In type of family 30% (18) Adolescent girls were belongs

to joint family, 68% (41) Adolescent girls were belongs to nuclear family, No one were belongs

to extended family and 02% (01) Adolescent girls were belongs to others category. In family size

30% (18) Adolescent girls were belongs to less than 4 Members, 55% (33) Adolescent girls were

belongs to 4-6 Members, 08% (05) Adolescent girls were belongs to 7-10 Members and 07%

(04) Adolescent girls were belongs to more than 10 Members category. In bread winner of

family category 78% (47) Adolescent girls were indicated Father, 17% (10) Adolescent girls

were indicated Mother, 05% (03) Adolescent girls were indicated Both and No one were belongs

to other category in the group. In family income per annum 55% (33) Adolescent girls belongs to

lower income group that is Below Rs. 2.5 lakh/annum, 30% (18) Adolescent girls belongs to

middle income group that is Rs. 2.5 – 5 lakh/annum, 08% (05) Adolescent girls belongs to upper

middle income group that is Rs. 5.1 - 10 lakh/annum and 07% (04) Adolescent girls belongs to

upper income group that is Above Rs. 10 lakh/annum. In Father’s Education status 15% (09)

Adolescent girls were belongs to Less Than High School, 08% (05) Adolescent girls were

belongs to High School, 18% (11) Adolescent girls were belongs to Higher Secondary and 59%

(35) Adolescent girls were belongs to Higher Studies. In Mother’s Education status 33% (20)

Adolescent girls were belongs to Less Than High School, 12% (07) Adolescent girls were

belongs to High School, 12% (07) Adolescent girls were belongs to Higher Secondary and 43%

(26) Adolescent girls were belongs to Higher Studies. In Occupation of the breadwinner status

12% (07) Adolescent girls were belongs to Government Service, 48% (29) Adolescent girls

were belongs to Private Sector, 30% (18) Adolescent girls were belongs to Business and 10%

(06) Adolescent girls were belongs to Other. In Dietary Preference status 02% (07) Adolescent

girls were belongs to Vegetarian category, 25% (15) Adolescent girls were belongs to Non

Vegetarian category, 65% (39) Adolescent girls were belongs to Both category and 02% (01)

Adolescent girls were belongs to Other.

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In the pre-test, Shows that 03 (05%) had inadequate health hazards, 54 (90%) had

moderate health hazards and 03 (05%) had adequate health hazards of junk foods among

adolescent girls and in post test assessment 01 (02%) had inadequate health hazards, 46 (76%)

had moderate health hazards and 13 (22%) had adequate health hazards of junk foods among

adolescent girls Hilton Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Chrompet, Chennai.

There is a significant effectiveness among the adolescent girls after providing lifestyle

modification package as in this study the effectiveness of lifestyle modification package which

shows the pre test mean value is 87.0 and standard deviation is 10.5. Post test mean value is 93.6

and standard deviation is 7.6. The paired ‘t’ value is 7.3 which significant at the level of

P<0.001.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION :-

Hence, the study was undertaken in order to assess the health hazards of junk foods and the

effectiveness of life style modification package among adolescent girls at Hilton Matriculation

Higher Secondary School, Chrompet, Chennai.

Extensive literature review and studies related to junk foods and its hazards, junk foods

hazards among adolescent and effectiveness of lifestyle modification package regarding junk

foods hazards provided evidenced based guidance for the study. This has helped to design the

methodology, develop tool for data collection. The conceptual framework developed for the

study was based on Donabedian’s Classic Structure/Process/Outcome (SPO) model

The tool used for data collection was validated by the experts from the area of Obstetrics

and gynecology. As per suggestions, of the experts gthe necessary changes were incorporated in

the tool. The reliability of the structured questionnaire, r = 0.87 showed that the tool found to br

reliable.

The researcher adopted the pre-experimental research design. Probability Convenient

sampling techniques was used to select 60 samples based on the inclusion criteria. The study was

conducted in Hilton Matriculation Higher Secondary School, Chrompet, Chennai.. The

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researcher felt a deep sense of satisfaction and fulfillment for having undertaken this study. The

study provided the investigator with deeper insight and empathy in the needs of the junks foods

its health hazards and effectiveness of lifestyle modification package. The expert opinions and

direction from the guide and help from the school authorities and the co-operation from the

participants made the study fruitful and interesting.

REFERENCES:-

BOOK REFERENCE -

1. Social Science & Medicine Vol: 65, No: 7, October, 2007, shows, television (TV) food

advertising has attracted criticism for its potential role in promoting unhealthy dietary

practices among children.

2. A research study result published in Clinical Nutrition Vol: 26, No: 1, February, 2007 drawn

dietary habits founded early in life might influence development of welfare diseases

3. Shalini Purushothaman, Chandrasekhara Reddy et al, 2015, Predilection for Junk Food

Consumption Among 15-Year-Old Schoolchildren in North Chennai, India.

4. Dr Pankaj Kumar Sahu Prof (Dr) Bishnu Ram Das et al, 2018, Consumption Pattern and

Knowledge about Ill Effects of Junk Food amongst School Children in Urban Area of Jorhat

5. Geeta Arya and Sunita Mishra et al, 2013, Effects of Junk Food & Beverages on

Adolescent’s Health

6. Ms. Vandana Sharma, Jul – Aug 2013), PP 01-04), A Pre-experimental study on the

effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding harmful effects of

Junk food among adolescents in selected schools at District Jalandhar, Punjab, 2012.

7. Michigan Model (MM) nutrition curriculum on nutrition knowledge, efficacy expectations,

and eating behaviors in middle school students

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8. A study result published in Journal of the American Dietetic Association Vol: 106, No: 11,

November, 2006 , revealed that, gain insight into parents’ perceptions of the food preferences

of their young adolescents

9. A journal of the Association of Physicians of India Vol: 58, March, 2010, A study conducted

to identify the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Indian Adolescent School Going

Children: Its Relationship with Socioeconomic Status and Associated Lifestyle Factors

10. A research result published in Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health Vol: 62, No:

8, August, 2008, Identified the impact of dietary intake at several time points in childhood on

children’s school

ONLINE JOURNALS AND WEBSITES REFERENCE

1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326264914_Knowledge_Regarding_Health_Hazar

ds_of_Junk_Foods_among_Adolescents

2. http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jnhs/papers/vol1-issue6/F0162632.pdf

3. https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/26/4/650/2467505

4. http://www.innovationalpublishers.com/Content/uploads/PDF/1397269292_IJNRDEC1502.p

df

5. https://www.journalagent.com/ias/pdfs/IAS_23_4_125_130.pdf

ADALYA JOURNAL


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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326264914_Knowledge_Regarding_Health_Hazards_of_Junk_Foods_among_Adolescents

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326264914_Knowledge_Regarding_Health_Hazards_of_Junk_Foods_among_Adolescents

http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jnhs/papers/vol1-issue6/F0162632.pdf

https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/26/4/650/2467505

https://www.journalagent.com/ias/pdfs/IAS_23_4_125_130.pdf

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