research on safety management application of dangerous ...encapsulated in revit api to implement the...

Research ArticleResearch on Safety Management Application of DangerousSources in Engineering Construction Based on BIM Technology

Langni Deng,1 Mengjun Zhong ,1 Ling Liao,1 Lai Peng,2 and Shijin Lai 1

1School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China2Department of Architectural Engineering, Guangxi Communications Vocational and Technical College, Nanning 530000, China

Correspondence should be addressed to Mengjun Zhong; [email protected]

Received 31 May 2019; Revised 9 August 2019; Accepted 5 September 2019; Published 11 December 2019

Guest Editor: Jingfeng Yuan

Copyright © 2019 Langni Deng et al. 1is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

1e construction industry is a high-risk industry, so many scholars have done research on how to reduce safety accidents at theconstruction site. However, due to the existence of hidden dangers in construction, accidents at the construction site still plaguethe development of the construction industry. 1erefore, effective management of construction hazards is an important step tostrengthen construction safety. At present, the technology of BIM has been gradually applied to various fields of constructionprojects, providing strong support for the smooth development of construction projects. 1erefore, the purpose of this paper is tocreate a construction hazard source safety management module through secondary development of the Revit platform. At thesame time, the Navisworks software is used to simulate the emergency rescue of construction safety accidents and formulate thecorresponding emergency management plan. Finally, an engineering example is used to verify the performance of the devel-opment management module. 1e results show that (1) the security management module created in this paper is highly op-erational, easy to use, and real-time data update, which has important guiding significance for actual construction safetymanagement; (2) simulation of construction safety accidents through Navisworks software can provide emergency managementplans for engineering projects.

1. Introduction

1e construction industry is one of the most dangerousindustries in the world, and its work injury and death rateare extremely high [1]. As a high-risk industry, safety ac-cidents in the construction industry will have a major impacton the social economy, people’s lives, and natural envi-ronment [2]. 1erefore, preventing the construction safetydamage is essential to promote workers’ safety and health,maintain the productivity level of construction projects, andreduce compensation for work-related injuries [3]. How-ever, researchers and practitioners have been studying howto reduce the safety risks on the construction site and reducethe occurrence of safety accidents on the construction site.But it seems that no fundamental method has been found tosolve this problem and the construction site safety accidentsare still constantly plagued [4–7]. According to the theory ofHeinrich’s Law, construction hazard is one of the root causes

of construction safety accidents. Hinze et al. [8] and Carter[4] have also pointed out that the important measures forbuilding construction to prevent safety accidents are toeffectively grasp the various hazards that cause safety ac-cidents and pay attention to the real-time status of thesehazards. 1erefore, effectively identifying and managingvarious hazard sources will be one of the ways to funda-mentally solve the frequent occurrence of safety accidents atconstruction sites. However, the current level of identifi-cation of safety hazards is far from ideal. It is necessary topropose an efficient method for the safe management ofconstruction hazards.

As innovative technology has become a prominent topicin today’s construction industry [9], the Building In-formationModel (BIM) has become the focus of attention inthe latest developments in the construction industry [10]. Inrecent years, BIM technology has been gradually applied tovarious fields of construction projects [11], effectively

HindawiAdvances in Civil EngineeringVolume 2019, Article ID 7450426, 10 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7450426

mailto:[email protected]://orcid.org/0000-0002-6919-8065https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-0232https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7450426

solving some problems that have long plagued the con-struction industry [12, 13]. Compared with the traditionalworking mode, the BIM method can help us to coordinate,cooperate, and integrate while improving and processing theinformation flow [14], which reflects the advantages of BIMtechnology in the field of construction engineering.

In the management of hazard sources, some scholarshave begun to use BIM’s own functions or functions basedon the BIM platform to carry out secondary developmentaround a specific project. For example, Gao et al. used BIMtechnology to carry out hazard source management for alarge steel structure construction site [15]. Ding et al. carriedout hazard source management of the steel structure con-struction process of a project based on the BIM and RFIDtechnology [16]. 1eir research and application haveachieved certain results for the management of dangeroussources in the construction process. However, there aresome limitations in the function of BIM itself. 1erefore, weneed to carry out secondary development of its platform,further improve its functions, and improve the applicationvalue of BIM technology.

In view of the above advantages of BIM technology inthe construction industry, this article will apply the tech-nology of BIM to the safety management of engineeringconstruction hazards, focus on the creation of safetymanagement modules based on the secondary develop-ment of Revit platform, and establish a safety managementsystem. Real-time monitoring and management of hazardsources such as safety signs, dangerous goods, and largemachinery at the construction site use Navisworks softwareto simulate the rescue scene after the emergency of theconstruction site and respond to the emergency manage-ment rescue plan. Finally, the practicality of the researchmethod proposed in this article is verified by combiningspecific engineering cases.

2. Creation of Secondary Management ofSecurity Management Module Based onRevit Software

2.1.Design Ideas. In this paper, BIM technology is applied tothe safety management of construction hazard sources. 1eBIM core software Revit is used as the development plat-form, and the C# language is used as the developmentlanguage to build the RevitAPI secondary developmentenvironment. According to the secondary developmentprocess of Revit, the development and construction ofdangerous source safety management module and itsfunctions include the establishment of three types of con-struction hazard source management research on safetysigns, dangerous goods, and large machinery. At the sametime, the display class can be expressed in the solid mod-eling. 1e development technology implementation plan isshown in Figure 1.

2.2. Development Environment. Visual Studio is a softwareintegration development environment developed byMicrosoft, which encapsulates a large number of classes and

methods that are frequently used in Microsoft developmentfor developers to call. 1e C# language is an object-oriented,high-level programming language that runs on the NETFramework.1e C# language is derived from the C languageand the C++ language. It not only inherits the powerfulfunctions of the C language and the C++ language but alsoremoves some of their complex features, such as notallowing reinheritance and no macros and templates, and issimple, secure, and stable with other advantages. Winformforms have a rich set of controls to use and can connect tomultiple databases. 1is article uses BIM core software Revitas the development platform, Visual Studio 2012 as thefront-end development tool, C# as the programming lan-guage, and Winform form and uses the classes and methodsencapsulated in Revit API to implement the securitymanagement module.

2.3. Revit Secondary Development Interface. In the Revitsoftware provider, there is an open-source data interface. Byinheriting the interface, the user can access the model data inthe Revit software and can also recombine the new functionmodule through the subfunction modules in the software.Revit API.dll and Revit APIUI.dll must be referenced in theintegrated development environment for secondary devel-opment of Revit software. Revit API.dll mainly includes alldata sets of Revit, currently open-model files, such as theapplication, document, element, and parameters of themodel file. Revit APIUI.dll mainly includes external com-mand-related interfaces, external application-related in-terfaces, user interaction selection, and task dialogs.

In the secondary development of Revit, there are twomain methods: external application and external com-mands. 1e external application is a container for variousexternal commands, mainly providing function-panelgeneration functions and implementing various specificfunction modules. External commands are used morefrequently.

1e interface of the external command must call theExecute function. 1e three parameters contained in thefunction are shown in Table 1. 1e CommandData pa-rameter contains a reference to the application and viewrequired by the external command to obtain the programobject and document object of the current Revit model.ExternalCommandData contains some common viewproperties. 1e message represents the outgoing parameter.When the external command is executed, it will return aresult. 1e message will pass the returned result as a string tothe function panel. Elements, like themessage, also representoutgoing parameters, but elements are mainly used todisplay the returned information in the model.

1e interface of the external application is a container forexternal commands to run and can identify and load theaddin file corresponding to the external command. Userscan inherit the IExternalApplication interface and call theOnStartup and OnShutDown functions to achieve the re-quired functionality. Its function parameters are shown inTable 2. 1e common functions for developing applicationsare shown in Table 3.

2 Advances in Civil Engineering

2.4. Revit Secondary Development Process. 1e process ofRevit secondary development is shown in Figure 2. 1especific steps are

(1) Create a class library project in Visual Studio 2012.(2) Add two assemblies, Autodesk.RevitAPI.dll and

Autodesk.RevitUI.dll, to the project. To reduce thesystem memory consumption of Revit runtime,

change the “copy local” attribute of the above twoassemblies to “False.” A reference to the Pre-sentationCore assembly is also required for externalapplication development.

(3) Call the Execute method to automatically generatethe corresponding interface and write the relevantfunction code.

Create Revit-based external tools

Development program

To load the addinManager

Load Revitlookup.dll in SDK

Send the Revit command program to the attached module

Create the RIBBON interface for the “security administration” Revit TAB

Link each command subroutine of the attached module

Perform the installation

Analysis of potential risks

Analysis of triggers

Hazard investigation

Define danger area

Analyze the existence condition

Classify hazard sources

BIM

Dangerous goods

Security identification

Large machinery

Adjacent to the hole and other display classes

Management of construction hazard sources

Identify construction hazard sources

Figure 1: Development technology road map.

Table 1: Parameters of external command.

Development method Method Parameter

External commands Execute CommandData (ExternalCommandData), message(String), elements (ElementSet)

Table 2: Parameters of external application.

Development method Method ParameterExternal application OnStartup(), OnShutDown() Application (UIControlledApplication)

Table 3: Function of external application.

Method FeaturesApplication.CreateRibbonTab() Create a level one labelApplication.CreateRibbonPanel() Create a function panelPanel.AddItem() Add a function key to the function panelBitmapImage() Insert a picture for a function key

Advances in Civil Engineering 3

(4) Debug the program, use the method of attachingto Revit to debug the program in visual studio,and modify and adjust if there is any functionaldefect.

(5) Generate the addin file with the compiled code andregister.

(6) Write external application function panel code.(7) Register the addin file of the function panel.

2.5. Implementation of the Security Management Module.According to the above development process, the dan-gerous source safety management module is programmedand developed. Finally, the program is debugged to confirmthat the program has no bugs and the construction dangersource security management module is completed asshown in Figure 3. 1en, according to the actual con-struction conditions of the construction project, the rele-vant hazard sources can be created in different ways (asshown in Table 4) in the BIM, and then, a series of work canbe carried out on the safety management of the subsequentconstruction hazard sources based on the BIM. Con-struction safety risks are minimized to promote workersafety and health.

3. Case Study

3.1. Project Overview. 1e project is a public rental housingproject in Liuzhou, with a total of 9 residential buildings. Inthis case, the 8# building is mainly used as a researchapplication, which has 1 basement and 18 floors aboveground. 1e total height of the building is 52.20m; thebuilding base area is 1127.27m2; the total construction areais 20474.6m2; the building structure is frame shear wallstructure; the architectural structure category is C grade;

the seismic fortification intensity is 6 degrees; the designlife is 50 years. According to the design drawings, Revit’sparametric modeling of the 8# building is shown inFigure 4.

3.2.ApplicationBasedonRevit SoftwareSecurityManagementModule. Using the already created BIM, combined withNavisworks software to simulate the construction plan of theproject, according to the 3D visualization advantages ofBIM, the hazard sources existing in the construction processare identified in advance and then various types of signs areloaded by adding new decal-type functions, as shown inFigure 5.

After identifying the existing hazard source in the BIM,the security mark is pasted in the form of a decal at thecorresponding model position and the effect is shown inFigure 6. 1e placement of safety signs, dangerous goods,and large machinery in the BIM must be consistent with theactual construction site, and then, the actual process of theproject is controlled in real time.1emanagement personnelcan effectively manage the hazard source through the de-veloped construction safety management module, throughthe three-dimensional BIM. 1e model clearly controls thereal-time information of the hazard source and can alsocount and manage the hazard source of the project throughthe development of the enhanced function list. Finally, thereal-time construction safety management of the project iscarried out through the mailbox in the construction safetymanagement module. 1e mode is sent to the owner, su-pervisor, and other users to realize multiparty real-timemonitoring and management to ensure the project is safeand efficient.

1ere are some high-risk parts during the constructionprocess, such as stairs, elevator shafts, reserved openings,passage openings, balconies, picking platforms, elevators,scaffolding, cranes, and other parts. 1ese parts are thefocus of construction safety management, and protectionmeasures must be taken in accordance with the re-quirements of the regulations. In order to effectivelyprevent the work, protective measures for these high-riskparts are created in the BIM (as shown in Figure 7) and thecorresponding safety signs are attached to implement theinteraction between the construction site and the BIM. 1eBIM can be used to control the management of multipleusers, avoiding the individual factors of the manager tomake incorrect decisions, and the installation and dis-mantling of protective measures are scientific andreasonable.

3.3. Application Based on BIM Technology Emergency Re-sponse Rescue Simulation. Once a construction safety acci-dent occurs, timely and effective rescue work has become acrucial link. 1is link not only affects the cost of the projectbut also seriously affects people’s life safety. 1erefore, it isvery necessary to draw up an emergency plan. 1e emer-gency plan is the basis for emergencies and the “bottom line”for emergency rescue [17]. Due to the unpredictability ofconstruction projects, the formulation of emergency plans

Yes

No

New project(creating a family project in Visual Studio 2012)

Add the use(RevitAPI.dll, RevitAPIUI.dll, and presentationcore)

Write the code(inheritance of required interfaces)

Debug the program(using attach to process)

Is there a bug in the program?

Complete the writing

Generate addin file

Figure 2: Revit secondary development process.


using traditional thinking methods will be difficult to do.With the Animator animation tool, you can easily imple-ment custom animations for each object in the model andyou can create a simulation animation of a security incidentemergency rescue [18]. 1erefore, by using Navisworkssoftware and Animator animation production tool, takingthe 8# building as an example, according to the actual sit-uation of the scene, the emergency rescue simulation of theconstruction workers of high-altitude falling objects iscarried out. 1e animation is mainly divided into the fol-lowing, according to the progress of the accident develop-ment section:

(1) Accident: the main body of a public rental projectresidential-area 8# building has been completed, theconstruction waste is being cleaned up, and aconstruction worker A does not even take a piece ofdiscarded gypsum block out of the 4th floor balconyand is just walking in the middle of the building.Downstairs, there is a construction worker Bwearing an uncovered helmet. B is smashed and hefalls to the ground; a lot of blood is flowing, and he isin a coma. 1e whole simulation process of the

high-altitude falling of the object on the construc-tion worker B is shown in Figure 8.

(2) Accidents found: at this time, two scene manage-ment personnel pass by and find the accident. Oneof them immediately runs to the injured person tocheck the casualty situation. 1e other person im-mediately goes to the safety engineer to briefly re-port the accident location and personnel. Casualty:the safety engineer knowing the situation quicklyreports the accident to the on-site commander,immediately dials the 120 emergency center to thescene to carry out the rescue, and then informs theproject rescue team to handle the scene of the ac-cident and the person in charge is asked to timelycarry out rescue work, within the prescribed time. Itis necessary to report to the director’s office andrelevant departments at the higher level. 1e entireaccident simulation animation process is shown inFigure 9.

(3) Rescue: the engineering medical team rushes to thescene in time to immediately perform medical ex-aminations and rescues, waiting for the ambulanceto arrive. 1e safety and security team of the en-gineering department arrives at the scene, pulls upthe cordon, blocks the scene. To ensure that the roadis smooth and the ambulance reaches the accidentsite smoothly. 1en, an employee is dispatched as aguide to convey the scene of the accident to themedical team, so that the medical team couldprepare for the emergency rescue and at the sametime guide the ambulance to the scene of the ac-cident in the shortest path and the shortest time.1eentire simulation process of the ambulance arrivingat the accident site is shown in Figure 10.

Figure 3: Construction danger source security management module based on Revit platform.

Table 4: Application name.

Security management name Revit’s own commandsSafety signs Placing decalsDangerous goods Placement componentLarge machineryProject parameters Project parametersSelection of the ID number Select by IDWarning sign management Decal typeSummary of hazard information ListEquipment item Load family


(4) Based on the Revit software safety managementmodule, the safety signs, dangerous goods, andother dangerous sources on the construction site aremonitored and managed in real time, and the visualcharacteristics of BIM technology are used to

manage the dangerous sources such as the borderhole. At the same time, the Navisworks software wasused to carry out emergency rescue simulation on theconstruction site emergency situation, and theemergency rescue site of the accident of high-altitude

Figure 5: Schematic diagram of security ID loading.

(a) (b)

Figure 4: 8# floor renderings.


(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f )

Figure 6: Schematic diagram of hazard source identification.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Figure 7: Protection measures for the edge and the entrance.


(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Figure 9: Schematic diagram of the accident animation simulation.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Figure 8: Schematic diagram of the animation of the accident.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Figure 10: Schematic diagram of the animation simulation of the ambulance arrival accident scene.


falling of objects on the construction worker at thehigh altitude was displayed. 1rough the researchand application of this case, we can know thefollowing:

(i) 1e BIM information is comprehensive and in-terrelated. 1e function of “one modification, ev-erywhere modification” greatly reduces theworkload and time of information processing andimproves work efficiency.

(ii) Based on the secondary development of Revitsoftware security management module, we canrealize the safety management of construction safetysigns, dangerous goods, large machinery, and otherconstruction hazards. 1e content is intuitive andclear, and the information parameters are easy tocollect and manage. And it provides new technicalmeans and management ideas for the safety man-agement of dangerous sources in the constructionsite.

(iii) In the preconstruction preparation stage, the BIMcan be used to rationally plan and arrange theconstruction site, master the direction and circu-lation of each road, eliminate the occurrence of firesand emergency roads, and clarify the safety man-agement priorities and control measures during theconstruction process.

(iv) From the emergency rescue simulation based onBIM, the image is easy to understand, the responseinformation is more intuitive, and the preparationof the emergency plan is optimized, which canimpress the owner and the construction staff. At thesame time, an important safety education andtraining can be conducted to guide the constructionworkers to safe construction to reduce accidents andreduce casualties and economic losses after theaccident.

4. Conclusion

1is paper studies the application of BIM technology in theconstruction process of safety management of constructionprojects. Based on the Revit platform, the C# language isused for secondary development and, together with thefunctionality of the Revit software itself, ultimately creates ahazard source security management module. Module fea-tures include project information, hazard source manage-ment, safety information digests, and other subfunctions.1rough the actual construction project, the real-timemonitoring and management of the safety signs, dangerousgoods, large machinery, and other hazard sources on theconstruction site are carried out by using the Revit softwaresafety management module, and the visual sources such asBIM technology are used to display the dangerous sourcessuch as the edge of the tunnel. Visual port management wascarried out, and the emergency rescue simulation of theconstruction site emergencies was carried out with Navis-works software to demonstrate the emergency rescue sceneof the construction workers falling. 1e advantages and

application effects of BIM technology for construction safetymanagement can be summarized as follows:

(1) 1e BIM information is comprehensive and in-terrelated. 1e function of “one modification, ev-erywhere modification” greatly reduces the workloadand time of information processing and improveswork efficiency;

(2) Based on the security management module de-veloped by Revit platform, the content is intuitiveand clear, and the information parameters are easy tocollect and manage, providing new technical meansand management ideas for the safety management ofdangerous sources on the construction site;

(3) In the preconstruction preparation stage, the BIMcan be used to rationally plan and layout theconstruction site, grasp the direction and circula-tion of each road, eliminate the occurrence of fireand emergency roads, and clarify the safety man-agement priorities and control measures duringconstruction;

(4) From the emergency rescue simulation based onBIM, the reaction information is more intuitive andcan be used for safety education and training,guiding construction workers to safe construction,combined with the preparation of emergency plansto reduce accidents, casualties, and economiclosses.

5. Discussion

BIM technology has good research value in the safetymanagement of construction hazard source, but the researchin this paper is only a preliminary exploration of BIMtechnology in the safety management of engineering con-struction hazard, only due to the unsafe state of the con-struction work. Safety signs, dangerous goods, and largemechanical equipment were considered, and other hiddenhazard sources were not identified. 1e safety managementmodule developed has not yet achieved safety warning.

Data Availability

1e data used to support the findings of this study have notbeen made available because the plug-in development in-volves many Chinese places and the use of the plug-inaddress is also involved in the code, for some computersneed to change part of the code.

Conflicts of Interest

1e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments

1e authors acknowledge the financial support provided bythe National Natural Science Foundation of China (no.51568008).


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