residential location choices and household activity engagement 1/14/2013 roger chen, steven gehrke,...

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Residential Location Choices and Household Activity Engagement

1/14/2013

Roger Chen, Steven Gehrke, Yunemi Jiang, Jenny Liu and Kelly Clifton

Oregon Modeling Collaborative

Introduction

A relationship exists between where we live and what we do

Different Location type choices Lead to different activity engagement

What is the relationship between where we live and how households spend their time?

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Overview of Study

• This study is concerned with loocation at ther elatopnsiip beween where wee vive and how we spend out time

• Data on Activity engagement is nucours; as a the alocation of time is distilled

• Estimate models of choice to look at connection

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Study Area and Distribution of Residential Area-Types

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Major Urban CenterHouseholds within five miles of 50,000 people and within a mile of 2,500 people, where the majority of households are within an MPO.

Urban near Major City Household with 2,500 people within one mile of the residential location, that is also within 15 miles of 50,000 people.

Rural near Major CityHousehold that is immediately surrounded by an area of less than 2,500 people, but is within 15 miles of 50,000 people.

Isolated CityHousehold is within two miles of 2,500 people and is more than 15 miles away from 50,000 people.

RuralHousehold is more than two miles away from 2,500 people and more than 15 miles away from 50,000 people.

Area-Type Distribution of Households in Sample

12%

53%

14%

11%

10%

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Tenure-Housing Type Distribution of Sample

Housing Tenure

Rent Own

83.64%16.36%

Single-FamilyUnit

DuplexUnit

Multi-FamilyUnit

Single-FamilyUnit

DuplexUnit

Multi-FamilyUnit

96.7% 1.09% 2.21% 36.65 13.17% 50.18%

Rent

Own

MFSF

DPLX

SF

MFDPLX

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Why we segment into lifestyle classes

• Control for heterogeneity• Based on classifications found in the literature

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Household Segmentation

Single Households

Household Size

Non-Single Households

Age >= 65 yrs.

Age < 65 yrs.

with Children(0<=Age<=17 yrs.)

No Children(0<=Age<=17 yrs.)

RelatedHousehold

UnrelatedHousehold

Num. Adult =1 Num. Adult >1 HH MembersAge >= 65 yrs.

HH MembersAge < 65 yrs.

Segment 1:Single, >=65 yrs.

Segment 2:Single, < 65 yrs.

Segment 3:Unrelated

Segment 4:Single Adult

With Children

Segment :5Related Adults

>1With Children

Segment :6All Adults >= 65 yrs.

Segment :7Related Adults

Household (<65 yrs.)

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Household Lifecycle Stage from the OHAS Sample

Single Adult, Age > 65

Single Adult, Age 18-65

Non-Related Household

Single Parents with Children

Parents with Children

Related Adults no Children, Age < 65

Related Adults no Children, Age > 65

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000

Number of Households

Number of Households

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Lifecycle Segments within the OHAS Sample








0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Urban Area-Type

Major Urban Center Urban near Major City Rural near Major CityIsolated City Rural

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0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Household Structure Type

Single-Family Duplex/TownhomeBuilding with 3+ Apartments Mobile Home

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Average Household Residents by Work-Status

Workers Students Retired Homemakers

Average per Household

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Average Household Vehicle/Bike Availability

Vehicles Vehicles per License Holder Bikes

Average per Household

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$- $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000

Average Household Income

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Slide about Factor Analysis

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Cut-off at λ < 1.0

Principal Component Extraction• 7 Factors• 59.3% Variance Explained

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Factor LabelPercent Variance

ExplainedInfluencing Activities

(Time Allocated per Household – BOLD: Factors > 0.6)

Work (out-of-home) 12.6%(-) Home(+) Working from Home(+) Work/Work-related

Routine Out-of-Home Activities 9.3%

(-) Work/Work-related (+) Routine Shopping, HH Errands(+) Personal Business(+) Eating (Out-of-Home)(+) Visit

School and School-Related Travel 7.9%(-) Work/Work-Related(+) Transfer/Drop-off/Pick-up (Travel)(+) Class/Class-Related (School)

Eating and Recreation 7.6%

(+) Recreation/Entertainment(+) Eating (Out-of-Home)(-) Healthcare(-) Visit

Work at Home with Errands 7.4%

(-) Working at Home(+) Work/Work-related(+) Transfer/Drop-off/Pick-up (Travel)(+) Eating (Out-of-Home)

Specialty Shopping and Civic/Religious 7.3%

(+) Civic/Religious(+) Transfer/Drop-off/Pick-up (Travel)(+) Special Shopping

Personal Activities and Civic/Religious 7.2%

(+) Personal Business(-) Working at Home(+) Civic/Religious

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Model Specification

ɛ

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Estimation Results: Area-Type Model Coefficients

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Major Urban Center

Urban near Major City

Rural near Major CityIsolated City

Rural

0

0

00

0

Own/Single-FamilyBase case

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Major Urban Center



Rural

0

0.088

-0.1980.275

0.385

Rent/Single-Family

HH are more likely to rent single-family homes in rural, isolated and cities near MPOs

relative to households in MPOs.

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Major Urban Center



Rural

0

-0.787

0.959-1.049

-2.274

Own/Multi-Family or Attached Single-Family

HH are less likely to own multi-family and attached

single-family in areas outsideof MPOs; this is least likely in rural

areas

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Major Urban Center



Rural

0

-0.392

-1.74

-0.378

-2.401

Rent/Multi-Family or Attached Single-Family

HH are less likely to rent multi-family and attached

single-family in areas outside of MPOs.

In general in rural areas, HHs are more likely to own

a single family unit.

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0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Household Structure Type

Single-Family Duplex/TownhomeBuilding with 3+ Apartments Mobile Home

Estimation Results: Lifecycle Model Coefficients




Single Parents with ChildrenParents with Children



0

0

00

0

0

Own/Single-FamilyBase case







Related Adults no Children, Age > 650.276

1.478

1.8692.0551.834

1.085

0

Rent/Single-Family Relative to retired couples, all segments are more likely to

rent a SF home.







Related Adults no Children, Age > 650.381

0.374

0

0-0.859

-0.306

0

Own/Multi-Family orAttached Single-Family Single adults are the most likely

segment to own a Multi-Family/Attached Single-

Family home. The least likely are parents with children.








1.1251.766

1.8161.939

1.2931.226

0

Rent/Multi-Family orAttached Single-Family

Single parents with Children are the most likely segment to rent a

Multi-Family/Attached Single-Family home. The least likely are

older adults (with or without kids).

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Factor LabelPercent Variance

ExplainedInfluencing Activities

(Time Allocated per Household – BOLD: Factors > 0.6)

Work (out-of-home) 12.6%(-) Home(+) Working from Home(+) Work/Work-related

Routine Out-of-Home Activities 9.3%

(-) Work/Work-related (+) Routine Shopping, HH Errands(+) Personal Business(+) Eating (Out-of-Home)(+) Visit

School and School-Related Travel 7.9%(-) Work/Work-Related(+) Transfer/Drop-off/Pick-up (Travel)(+) Class/Class-Related (School)

Eating and Recreation 7.6%

(+) Recreation/Entertainment(+) Eating (Out-of-Home)(-) Healthcare(-) Visit

Work at Home with Errands 7.4%

(-) Working at Home(+) Work/Work-related(+) Transfer/Drop-off/Pick-up (Travel)(+) Eating (Out-of-Home)

Specialty Shopping and Civic/Religious 7.3%

(+) Civic/Religious(+) Transfer/Drop-off/Pick-up (Travel)(+) Special Shopping

Personal Activities and Civic/Religious 7.2%

(+) Personal Business(-) Working at Home(+) Civic/Religious

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Estimation Results: Time-Allocation Factors

• Household variation in the Time-Allocation Factor Scores “Work” or “Personal Activity with Civic Responsibilities” activities was not a significant variable in explaining differences in either tenure or housing structure choice.

• When comparing variation across any Time-Allocation Factor Scores, there was also no significant difference between propensities to own a single-family or multi-family/attached single-family homes.

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Own/Single-Family (base)


Rent/Single-Family


0

0

-0.038

0

Routine Out-of-Home Activities Households with larger time-allocation scores for routine out-of-home

activities, then to be slightly less likely to rent a single-family home, then to own

their own home or rent a multi-family/attached single-family

home.

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Rent/Single-Family


0

0

0

0.109

School TravelHouseholds with larger scores related to

school activity time, also tend to be more likely to rent multi-family or

attached single-family housing types.

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Rent/Single-Family


0

0-0.145

-0.065

Eating and Recreation Households with larger eating out- and recreation-type activity scores, also tend

to be much less likely to rent.

They tend to be even more likely to rent single-family housing types.

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Rent/Single-Family


0

0

0

0.119

Work with ErrandsHouseholds with a greater

amount of work-related activity, tend to rent multi-family or attached single-

family housing types more.

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Rent/Single-Family


0

0

-0.174

0

0

0

0.214

0

0

0.224

0

Specialty Shopping and Civic/Religious

All Lifecycle Types

Single Adults, Age 18-65

Related Adults, No Children, Age < 65

In general, households who spend larger amounts of their time doing specialty

shopping or participating in civic/religious activities, tend to be less likely to rent a

single-family home.

Single adults (age: 18-65) or related adults without children (age: < 65) who spend

greater amounts of time doing these things, have a greater likelihood of renting a single-

family home.

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• Thoughts about results for Time-allocation factors?

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Conclusions

• In rural areas, you are less likely to see rentals and old people. In fact, in general retired.

• Retired households are less likely to rent, but more likely to located in urban areas.

• Households with children are less likely to rent MF or ASF homes.

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Extensions for Future Work

1. Incorporate Stated-Preference (SP) responses2. Do away with the two-stage approach3. Integrate price index model4. Improve process capturing household time

allocation

residential location choices and household activity engagement 1/14/2013 roger chen, steven gehrke,...

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