RESPIRATORY SYSTEMRESPIRATORY SYSTEM

BASIC STRUCTUREBASIC STRUCTURE

ANDAND

FUNCTIONFUNCTION

OVERVIEWOVERVIEW

BASIC STRUCTUREBASIC STRUCTURE– NOSE, MOUTH & NOSE, MOUTH &

PHARYNXPHARYNX– LARYNX, VOCAL LARYNX, VOCAL

CHORDSCHORDS– TRACHEATRACHEA– BRONCHI AND BRONCHI AND

BRONCHIOLE TREEBRONCHIOLE TREE– ALVEOLIALVEOLI

BASIC FUNCTIONBASIC FUNCTION– GAS EXCHANGEGAS EXCHANGE

External Respiration – External Respiration – breathing; ventilationbreathing; ventilation

Internal Respiration – Internal Respiration – gas exchange at alveoligas exchange at alveoli

Cellular Respiration – Cellular Respiration – exchange at tissue exchange at tissue capillary bedscapillary beds

– Other Functions:Other Functions: Clean and moisten airClean and moisten air ExcretoryExcretory Regulate blood pHRegulate blood pH

ORG. OFRESP. SYSTEM

GASEX

Organs of Respiratory System:Organs of Respiratory System:Upper RespiratoryUpper Respiratory

Nasal and oral cavitiesNasal and oral cavities– Incoming air Incoming air moisten and warm moisten and warm– 11stst line of defense – nose hairs line of defense – nose hairs

FilterFilter External naresExternal nares

– 22ndnd line of defense – mucus line of defense – mucus Goblet cellsGoblet cells Sticky glycoproteinSticky glycoprotein SinusesSinuses

Pharynx – muscular, mucus producing connecting Pharynx – muscular, mucus producing connecting tubetube– Nasophayrnx, oropharynx, laryngopharynxNasophayrnx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx– Common to both respiratory and digestive systemsCommon to both respiratory and digestive systems

PHARYNX

Organs of Respiratory System:Organs of Respiratory System:Upper RespiratoryUpper Respiratory

LarynxLarynx– Opening to respiratory only Opening to respiratory only

passagepassage GlottisGlottis

– Epiglottis – prevents solid/liquid Epiglottis – prevents solid/liquid particles from enteringparticles from entering

– Major cartilages: thyroid, cricoid, Major cartilages: thyroid, cricoid, epiglottic, arytenoid, corniculate, epiglottic, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiformcuneiform

– Vocal Cords – produce soundVocal Cords – produce sound False – upper; help with swallowing/ False – upper; help with swallowing/

close tracheaclose trachea True – flaps of vibrating tissueTrue – flaps of vibrating tissue

– Pitch – frequency; tautnessPitch – frequency; tautness– Intensity – amplitude; loudnessIntensity – amplitude; loudness

LARYNXSTRCT

LARYNXPHOTO

Organs of Respiratory System:Organs of Respiratory System:Lower RespiratoryLower Respiratory

Lower Respiratory – in thoraxLower Respiratory – in thorax Trachea – windpipeTrachea – windpipe

– Anterior to esophagusAnterior to esophagus– C-Shaped ringsC-Shaped rings

About 20About 20 Flexible in back for peristalsisFlexible in back for peristalsis MucusMucus

– CiliaCilia Beating toward larynxBeating toward larynx Trapped micros swallowed + digestedTrapped micros swallowed + digested

Organs of Respiratory System:Organs of Respiratory System:Lower RespiratoryLower Respiratory

Bronchial TreeBronchial Tree– Bronchus – L & RBronchus – L & R

11oo, 2, 2oo, 3, 3oo

– BronchiolesBronchioles Intralobular, terminal, respiratoryIntralobular, terminal, respiratory

– Alveolar ducts Alveolar ducts Alveolar sacs Alveolar sacs ALVEOLI ALVEOLI Microscopic air sacs surrounded by capillariesMicroscopic air sacs surrounded by capillaries Gas Exchange – diffusionGas Exchange – diffusion

– TrendsTrends Less cartilage, smaller diamers, less mucusLess cartilage, smaller diamers, less mucus Psuedostratified Columnar Psuedostratified Columnar simple squamous simple squamous

ALVEOLAR GAS EX

DIAGRAM

LUNGSLUNGS Encases bronchiole treeEncases bronchiole tree Right – 3 Lobes; Left – 2 Right – 3 Lobes; Left – 2

LobesLobes Hilus – indented openingHilus – indented opening

– Medial sideMedial side– Blood vessels, nerves and Blood vessels, nerves and

BronchiBronchi

MembranesMembranes– Visceral PleuraVisceral Pleura– Parietal PleuraParietal Pleura– Pleural CavityPleural Cavity

Potential spacePotential space Serous fluidSerous fluid Surface TensionSurface Tension

Organs of Respiratory SystemOrgans of Respiratory System

Gas ExchangeGas Exchange

PHARYNXPHARYNX

LARYNX STRUCTURELARYNX STRUCTURE

LARYNXLARYNX

BRONCHIOLE TREEBRONCHIOLE TREE

Gas Exchange at AlveoliGas Exchange at Alveoli