respiratory system objectives: 1. describe the structure of the respiratory system. 2. analyze the...
TRANSCRIPT
Respiratory System
Objectives:1. Describe the structure of the
respiratory system. 2. Analyze the function of the
respiratory system.
Respiratory System
Includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs, and pleura.
Nasal Cavity Nasal
Septum=divides nasal cavities into R and L sides
Cilia- the hairs in your nose, trap larger dirt particles.
Sinuses- cavities in the skull
Connected to the nasal cavity, by ducts
Lined with mucous membrane to warm and moisten air
Sinuses give resonance to the voice.
Pharynx The throat Common passageway for
air and food 5” long When food is swallowed,
the Epiglottis closes over the opening to the larynx preventing food from entering the lungs
Meet the Larynx
Larynx- voice box Triangular chamber
below the pharynx Within the larynx
are vocal cords Epiglottis covers
larynx during swallowing
Adam’s apple Produces sound Made of cartilage
fibrous plates
Meet the Trachea Windpipe. 4 ½ in. long. Walls are alternate
bands of membrane and C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage to keep trachea open and more rigid
Lined with ciliated mucous membrane.
Coughing and expectoration gets rid of dust-laden mucous.
Did Someone say Bronchi and Bronchioles are next?
Lower end of trachea divides into R and L bronchus
Become bronchial tubes and bronchioles as braonches enter lungs
Passageway for air from trachea to alveoli in lungs
Alveoli Clusters of thin-walled
sacs made of single layer epithelial tissue
Inner surfaces covered with Surfactant to keep alveoli from collapsing
Each alveolus surrounded by capillaries
O2 and CO2 exchange takes place between the alveoli and capillaries (diffusion)
Lovely Lungs Fill the thoracic cavity Upper part=apex Lower part=base Lung tissue porous and
spongy –it floats R lung=larger and shorter
displaced by the liver and has 3 lobes
L lung smaller displaced by the heart and has 2 lobes
Pretty Pleura Thin, moist
slippery membrane that covers the lungs.
Double walled sac.
Space is pleural cavity filled with pleural fluid to prevent friction.
Test your gray matter…..
What structure of the respiratory system is responsible for voice production?
Which body function is made possible by fibrous plates contained within the cartilage of the larynx?
The respiratory system ends in millions of tiny, thin walled sacs called:
What covers the outer surface of the lungs and lines the inner surface of the rib cage?
The windpipe is referred to as the:
The wall of the trachea are made more rigid by the presence of:
Each lung is divided into two or three parts called:
When the trachea divides to enter both lungs, the tubes that are formed are called:
LarynxSpeech
AlveoliPleura
TracheaRings of Cartilage
LobesBronchi
The partition that separated the nose into right and left cavities is the:
The medical name for the throat is the:
Septum
Pharynx
Function of the Respiratory System
1. External respiration, internal respiration , and cellular respiration
2. Production of sound (vocal cords)
Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing)
Inspiration Inhalation
Intercostal muscles lift ribs outward, sternum rises and the diaphragm contracts and moves downward this increases the volume of the lungs and air rushes in.
Pulmonary Ventilation
Expiration Opposite action
takes place. Exhalation is a
passive process
Respiratory Movements
1 inspiration + 1 expiration=1 respiration
Normal adult = 14-20Respirations per minute Increases with exercise,
body temperature, certain diseases.
Age-newborm= 40-60/min
Sleep= respiration Emotion can or rate
Coughing
Deep breath followed by forceful expulsion of air – to clear lower respiratory tract
Hiccups – spasm of the diaphragm and spasmotic closure of the glottis- irritation to diaphragm or phrenic nerve.
Sneezing Air forced through
nose to clear respiratory tract
Yawning Deep prolonged
breath that fills the lungs, increases oxygen within the blood
Control Breathing Breathing controlled by neural and chemical factors.Neural Factors
•Respiratory center located in the Medulla Oblongata
on CO2 or O2 in the blood will trigger respiratory center
•Phrenic Nerve- stimulates the diaphragm
Chemical Factors
Depends on the levels of CO2 in the blood (respiratory center in the brain)
Chemoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries sensitive to the amount of blood O2