responding to stress
TRANSCRIPT
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Respondingto Stress
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Quiz
1. What are the three different theories of stressresponse?
2. What are the three stages of the General
Adaptation Syndrome?
3. What are two coping strategies mentioned in
the book?
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Survey
1. Take two minutes to survey this part
of the chapter (Responding toStress)
2. What is it about?3. What do you already know about
the topic?
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Reminder!
Dont forget to take (Cornell) notes!
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Theories of Stress Responses
1. Selyes general adaptation syndrome
2. Lazaruss cognitive theory
3. Coping strategies
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GeneralAdaptation Syndrome
Introduced by Hans Selye, father of
stress research G.A.S. predictable sequence of
reactions (alarm, resistance,
exhaustion stages) in response to
stressors
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General Adaptation Syndrome
Stressor
...a demand placed on the body that requires
adjustment and brings about the stress reaction.
G. A. S.3Stages:
1. Alarm
2. Resistance
3. Exhaustion
Healthy Adaptation or Illness
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Stage 1: Alarm Stage
Fight or Flight reaction: body
mobilizes resources to combat threat
by
activating the parasympathetic nervous
system, which releases hormones
(Glucocorticoids) to supply body with
instant energy
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Stage 2: Resistance Stage
Adrenal cortex continues to supply
body with hormones (Glucocorticoids)
to resist stressors or adapt to stressors
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Stage 3: Exhaustion Stage
Body fails to resist or adapt to stressors
Depletion of all energy resources
Results in diseases, disorders anddeath
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Harmful Effects of Stress
extended release of glucocorticoids leads to
Permanent increase in blood pressure
Suppression of immune system
Weakening of muscles
Damage of the hippocampus
CHRONIC DISEASES
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Lazaruss Cognitive Therapy
G. A. S.
Healthy Adaptation or Illness
Appraisal
Lazarus proposed that apersons perception
determines whether stress
occurs.
Selye assumed
that stress is
caused by the
stressor itself.
Stressor
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Lazarus and Folkmans TheoryStressor
Primary Appraisal: Is stressor negative?
Appraised as stressful could involve:
1. Harm or loss - has already occurred2. Threat potential harm or loss3. Challenge opportunity to grow
Secondary Appraisal: Can I control the situation?
YesNo (positive,irrelevant)
No Stress
If
Yes:
1. Evaluation of Resources:
Physical (health, energy, stamina) Social (support, network)
Psychological (skills, morale, self-esteem)
Material (money, tools, equipment)
Time
2. Considering Options in dealing with stressor
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: arousal, fluctuation inhormone secretion.
: anxiety, fear, grief,
resentment, excitement (if stress is from challenge). : Coping strategies problem
focused and emotion-focused.
The level of stress we experience depends mainly on
the adequacy of our resources for coping AND howmuch they will be drained by the stressful situation.
The Stress Response
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Coping Strategies
Copingpersons efforts through action
and/or thought to deal with perceived
stressors
1. Problem-focused coping
2. Emotion-focused coping
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Problem-Focused Coping
Direct
Consists of reducing, modifying, or eliminating the
SOURCE of stress
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Emotion-Focused Coping
Reappraisal of the stressor to reduce emotionalimpact
Ignoring the stressor (effective)
Humor
Meditation
Yoga
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Example of Combination
A college student faces multiple final examinations.
She knows she must get top grades in order to
have a chance at acceptance to graduate school
and is very stressed out by the situation. She could
organize a study group or get right to work on
studying systematically (problem-focused coping).Or she could decide that she needs to relax and
give herself a short break in which to decompress
(emotion-focused coping) before she can come up
with a study plan (problem-focused coping).
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Proactive Coping
Efforts or actions one takes before a potentiallystressful situation to prevent its occurrence or to
lessen its consequences