revekka goldberg, "the fmea as the risk-management tool for the hazardous wastes control in the...
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The FMEA as the Risk-Management Tool for the
Hazardous Wastes Controlin the Context of the Oil-Refining Industry
Revekka GoldbergQuality Management Department
Why it is needed to manage risks?
• risk assessment and risk management – mandatory requirements of OHSAS 18000 & ISO 14000;
• new version of ISO 9004:2009;
• new series of standards ISO 31000
• inadequacy of the dominating management tools;
• special significance in the period of crisis.
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Risk and risk-management
Risk is:
• the quantifiable likelihood of loss or less-than-expected returns. (The InvestorWords Glossary)
• the probable frequency and probable magnitude of future loss. (“An Introduction to Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR)”)
• a combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure. (OHSAS 18001)
Risk management is:
• the identification, assessment, and prioritization of followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities.(ISO 31000)
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Qualitative risk analysis1. Analysis of available information
• review and analysis of accounting and management documents;• the analysis of periodic reports.
2. Collecting new information• a standardized questionnaire;• personalized inspection of production units;• expert consultation (internal & external).
3. Modelling the organization’s activity• the compilation and analysis of the organizational structure;• the analysis of stream-maps.
4. Heuristic methods
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Quantitative risk analysis1. Analytical methods
• the sensitivity analysis;• the scenario analysis.
2. Probability-theoretical methods• the statistical methods;• the simulation;• the fault-three analysis;• the logical and probabilistic methods.
3. Heuristic methods of quantitative analysis
4. Unconventional methods• the artificial intelligence (neural networks);• modeling based on fuzzy logic.
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Risk-management in different sectors
• Food industry - HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points);
• Pharmaceutics – mathematical methods and the unique risk matrix;
• Economy - payment flows’ probability distribution analysis, certainty equivalents method, scenario methodology.
• Automobile manufacturing – the FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis).
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Examples of the Oil-refininghazardous wastes
• oil-containing pulps;
• processed pulps’ water runoff;
• demineralized pulps;
• oil desulphatisation fragments;
• elemental sulphur;
• residual asphalt;
• pulps containing hydrargyrum ;
• acid tar.
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Hazardous wastes’ life cycle
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Adopted FMEA scalesModified Severity rating Scale (S)
Rating Description Definition (Severity of Effect)
10
Particularly large-scale damage
(More than 30 000 $)
The consequences are connected with the global ecological disaster and/or the loss of human lives
… … …
2
Insignificant damage (Less than 3 000 $)
The consequences have insignificant impact on the environment of company’s affected zone. It is possible to eliminate the consequences.
1 Absent of damage There is no significant impact.
Priority risk number (PRN)=S*O*D 9
Adopted FMEA scales Modified Occurrence rating Scale (O)
Occurrence rate Description Rating
Extremely high: failure is inevitable 0,1 10
… … …
Relatively few failures 0,0001 2
The failure is unlikely 0,00001 1
Priority risk number (PRN)=S*O*D 10
Adopted FMEA scales Modified Detection and Eliminating
rating Scale (D)
Description Definition Rating
ImpossibleIt is impossible to detect and/or eliminate the failure
10
… … …
Very goodThe control will detect and/or eliminate the failure almost for sure
2
PerfectControl will detect and/or eliminate the failure for sure
1
Priority risk number (PRN)=S*O*D 11
Activities based on the FMEA
Ind. Waste Number
PRN
XXXX1 1000
XXXX2 100
XXXX3 1
FMEA
Final process Regulatory activity
Managerial decision-making
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