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Review. Significant Figures, Vector Math Velocity, Acceleration, Force. A Scientific Method. Accuracy and Precision. Accuracy – How close to the actual value Precision – How close to each other. A measurement of 4cm 1cm is the same as. 3cm to 5cm. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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ReviewSignificant Figures, Vector MathVelocity, Acceleration, Force
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A Scientific Method
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Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy – How close to the actual value
Precision – How close to each other.
A measurement of 4cm 1cm is the same as 3cm to 5cm
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Significant Figures Multiplication vs. Addition Each group take one of each
measuring device (ruler, paper, and paper clip). Measure three objects and sum the results. Discuss the accuracy of your results. Explain how the measurement with the least significant figures affects your final result.
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Significant Figures Multiplication vs. Addition Addition
43.8 +5.67 49.4
Multiplication 43.8 x5.67 248.
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Variables
Dependant – subject of the experiment Independent – The controlled variable
E.G. How does speed of a sail boat change with wind? The speed of the sail boat is dependent on
the wind. The wind is independent of the speed of
the sail boat.
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Conversions
3Km ___m
hr ___s
1000m
1Km
1hr
60 min
1 min
60 sec
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Conversions A mass of 300
grams is accelerated at a rate of 1km per minute. (F=ma)
g300g km ___kg m
Minute^2 ___s^2
2A Newton is a
kg m
s
g
g1Kg
1000g
(1 min)^2
(60 secs)^2
1000 m
1 Km
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Distance vs. Displacement Distance is the sum of the segments of
the path, regardless of direction.
Displacement is the straight-line distance from the point of origin to the ending point.
Make a graph. Draw a line over to 3x and another line up to 4y. Determine the displacement and the distance.
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Vector vs. Scalar
Scalar has magnitude 4 seconds
Vector has magnitude and direction 5m/s East
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Relationships
Directly Proportional Graph x=2y
Inversely Proportional x=1/2y
Exponentially Proportional x=y^2
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Average Velocity
The slope on a position-time graph is velocity (displacement divided by time).
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Position vs. Time
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Average Acceleration
Average acceleration is the slope on a velocity-time graph.
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Velocity vs. Time
vslope
t
va
t
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Position, Velocity, and Acceleration
dslope
t
vslope
t
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Horizontal and VerticalComponents of Motion
Solve for delta y in terms of the vertical components of vf and vi
Solve for t in terms of the vertical components of delta y, and v
2
2 2
1 where or height
2
2
f i
i f i
f i
v v at
y v t at y d d
v v a y
y
t
Equations with respect to the vertical component (y):
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Horizontal and VerticalComponents of Motion Virtual Lab
Cannon Exercise Juggling Exercise
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Horizontal and Vertical Projectiles
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Force
www.HowStuffWorks.com “How Force, Power, Torque, and Energy
Work”
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Forces on an Object
Tension
FrictionFeetFriction Sled
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Newton’s First Law
A body continues to maintain its state of rest or of uniform motion unless acted upon by an external unbalanced force.
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Motion and Newton’s Second Law
Force equals mass times acceleration
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Net Force
Net force is the force associated with acceleration (F=ma).
Net force is the sum of all forces acting on a system.
If the forces acting on a system do not cancel each other (add to a non-zero result, that is, are not in equilibrium), the system undergoes acceleration in the direction of said force.
Note: Equilibrium means that there is a net force of zero (no acceleration).
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Weight and Normal Force
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Forces on an Inclined Plane
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Forces on an Inclined Plane
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Newton’s Third Law: Interaction Pairs
To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
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Vector Components
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Vector Components
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Forces on an Inclined Plane
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Surface and Friction
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Static Friction
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Trajectory of a Projectile
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Horizontal and VerticalComponents of Motion Which component directly determines
time in the air? Which component directly determines
distance traveled
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Relative Velocity
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Relative Velocity
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Angular Velocity
How fast an angle is traversed.
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Circular Motion
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Angular Velocity
Circumference Period Frequency Centripetal Acceleration
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Centripetal Force A centripetal force is not a new type of
force; rather, it describes a role that is played by one or more forces in the situation, since there must be some force that is changing the velocity of the object. For example, the force of gravity keeps the Moon in a roughly circular orbit around the Earth, while the normal force of the road and the force of friction combine to keep a car in circular motion around a banked curve.
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Angular Acceleration
Car Experiment – Virtual Lab Merry-go-round Experiment – Virtual
Lab