review ii question and answer. name the process by which a parent cell splits into two daughter...

Review II

Question and Answer

• Name the process by which a parent cell splits into two daughter cells

• Cell Division

• What term describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?

• Catabolism

• Name the 3 properties of genetic material.

1. Must carry information2. Must be capable of being

copied3. Must be capable of

undergoing change over time

• What is a chromatid?

• A replicate chromosome

• What is the name for something that obtains its organic material from other organisms

• Heterotrophs

• In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy" nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N.

• Draw the results you would expect after one round of DNA replication in the presence of 14N

• In the late 1950s, Meselson and Stahl grew bacteria in a medium containing "heavy" nitrogen (15N) and then transferred them to a medium containing 14N.

• Draw the results you would expect after one round of DNA replication in the presence of 14N if the conservative model was true.

• What term is used to describe the transfer of free energy from catabolic pathways to anabolic pathways?

• Energy coupling

• Starting with a fertilized egg (zygote), a series of 5 cell divisions would produce an early embryo with how many cells?

• 32 Cells

• If there are 20 Chromatids in a cell, how many centromeres are there?

10 Centromeres

• What type of reactions is this?

• Exergonic

• Use the letters, what would be the same in an enzyme-catalyzed or noncatalyzed reaction?

• What is the name of the microscopic pores through which CO2 enters and O2 exits during photosynthesis?

• Stomata

• A new sims game is out called “college years” and one new important trait in the game is alcohol tolerance (sot/light weight) Sot is the dominate trait.

• If you cross a female Sl with a male Sl what is the likelihood you will get a college student who is a sot?

• ¾ or ~ 75%

• What if you cross a female ll with a male Sl?

• 2/4 ½ or ~ 50%

• Draw a diploid nucleus with,– four chromosomes– Two pairs of homologous chromosomes

• One long• One short

• LEAVE IT UP ON BOARD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Make 1 long and one short dark

• Now draw what you would observe at prometaphase of mitosis

• Whenever energy is transformed, there is always and increase in?

• Entropy of the universe

• An Okazaki fragment has what type of arrangement?

• 5’RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3’

• What is the change in free energy of a system at chemical equilibrium?

• No net change

• What are the two stages of photosynthesis?

• Light Reactions and Calvin cycle

During the light reactions what happens to H2O?

What is released?

• H2O is split• O2 is released

• During the light reactions what happens to NADP+?

• NADP+ is reduced to NADPH

• Photophosphorylation is the process by which, what occurs?

• Generate ATP from ADP

Light Reactions VS. Calvin Cyclein photosynthesis

• Produces O2?

• Only the light reactions


• Requires ATP?

• Only the Calvin cycle


• Produces NADH?

• Neither light reactions or Calvin cycle


• Produces NADPH?

• Only light reactions


• Produces three-carbon sugars?

• Only the Calvin Cycle

• Requires CO2?


• Only the Calvin cycle


• Requires glucose?

• Neither the light reactions or calvin cycle

• Who is the ultimate Jedi, who died off way to fast?

Light Side VS. Dark Sidein the Universe

Qui Gon Jinn

• Which curve represents the behavior of an enzyme taken from a bacterium that lives in hot springs at temperatures of 70 degrees C or higher?

• Curve 3

• Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5’ 3’ direction?

• DNA polymerase III

• At a specific area of a chromosome, the sequence of nucleotides below is present where the chain opens to form a replication fork:

• 3' C C T A G G C T G C A A T C C 5'• An RNA primer is formed starting at the

underlined T (T) of the template. What would be its primer sequence?

• 5’ A C G U U A G G 3’

• Which term describes centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?

• Prophase

Name that stage, of meiosis!

• Tetrads of chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle; alignment determines independent assortment

• Metaphase I


• Synapsis of homologous pairs occurs; crossing over may occur.

• Prophase


• Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate

• Anaphase II

• What removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3; end of the Okazaki fragments?

• DNA polymerase I

• What is the longest mitotic stage?

• Metaphase

• In a plant cell where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

• Thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane

• What separates the DNA strands during replication?

• Helicase

• What covalently connects segments of DNA?

• Ligase

• Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells?

• Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

• What synthesizes short segments of RNA?

• Primase

• Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction’s ???

• Activation energy

• A cell containing 92 chromatids at metaphase of mitosis would, at completion, produce two nuclei each containing how many chromosomes?

46 Chromosomes

• This is metaphase during mitosis,–How many chromatids does this cell

have?–Each nuclei would contain how many

chromosomes?

• 8 chromatids• 4 chromosomes

• During mitosis if there are 20 centromeres in a cell at anaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?

• 20 chromosomes

• If there are 20 chromatids in a cell at metaphase, how many chromosomes are there in each daughter cell following cytokinesis?

• 10 chromosomes

• The reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during?

• respiration

• Chromosomes first become visible during which phase of mitosis?

• prophase

• The reduction of NADP+ occurs during?

• photosynthesis

• The generation of proton gradients across membranes occurs during?

• Photosynthesis and respiration

• Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in the sample will be thymine?

• 12%

• A gene’s location along a chromosome is known as what?

• Locus

• In animals, meiosis results in gametes, and fertilization results in?

• Zygotes

review ii question and answer. name the process by which a parent cell splits into two daughter...

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