Review

Question and Answer

• What is one of the greatest RPG series of all time?– (HINT)

ZELDA!

• Forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is also attracted to another electronegative atom

Hydrogen Bonds

• Draw and label the main functional group found on Alcohols.

• Ethanol is an alcohol present in alcoholic beverages.

Functional Property: Is ethanol polar or non-polar?

• Ethanol is Polar as a result of the electrons spending more time near the electronegative oxygen atom.

What is the major component of all cell membranes?

Phospholipids

• Two atoms of an element that differ in number of neutrons are called?

Isotopes

• Chemical Properties of Isotopes of the same element are the– Same/Differ

• Physical Properties of Isotopes of the same element are the– Same/Differ

• Chemical Properties are the same• Physical Properties differ

• Whose Theory?– “all atoms of the same element had the same

weight, and elements differ from each other because they were composed of atoms of different weights”

• Dalton’s Theory, – John Dalton

• Draw the carbonyl functional group

• Draw a Ketone and an Aldehyde in a molecule with 3 Carbons.

• A chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction

– This is a definition for?

• Catalyst

• What is the name of a macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction?

• Enzyme

• Draw an amino acid with 3 carbons AND circle and label the functional groups.

•Why is the Carboxyl group a source of hydrogen ions?

• Because the Covalent bond between oxygen and hydrogen is so polar

• The amino functional group acts as a base because?

• The Amino group acts as a base because it can pick up an H+ from the surrounding solution.

Required by an organism in minute quantities

• Trace Elements

• Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties are?

• Isomers

• Which type of Isomers have different covalent arrangements of their atoms?

• Structural Isomers

• Which type of Isomers have the same covalent arrangements but differ in spatial arrangements?

Geometric Isomers

•Which type of isomers are mirror images of each other?

Enantiomers

Name which type of Isomer?

• Structural Isomer

Name which type of Isomer?

• Geometric Isomer

Name which type of Isomer?

• Structural Isomer

Name which type of Isomer?

Enantiomers

• What are two other great RPG series?– Hints?• Cloud• 108 stars

Final Fantasy and Suikoden

What is the energy that matter has because of its location or structure?

Potential Energy

• Draw the functional group called Sulfhydryl

• Draw Glucose– And determine if it is • A carbohydrate• A Monosaccharide• A Disaccharide• A Polysaccharide

• A carbohydrate yes• A Monosaccharide yes• A Disaccharide no• A Polysaccharide no

• Draw a dehydration reaction between two glucose to make maltose.

• Draw the functional group called Phosphate

• When the functional group Phosphate is at the end of a molecule it contributes what negative charge to the molecule?

• And when it is located internally it contributes what charge to the molecule?

• At the end 2-• Internally 1-

• A calorie is the amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of?

• 1g of water 1 degree Celcius

• A transport protein that generates the voltage across a membrane

• Electrogenic pump

• Phospholipids are the major component of all cell membranes– Draw a cell membrane and show the

phospholipids • Label the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of the

phospholipid

• An atom has 24 protons and 28 neutrons. What is its atomic number (Z)?

• 24

• What three elements are commonly involved in hydrogen bonding?

• H, N, and O

• Which is not a polymer?– Glucose– Starch– Cellulose– Chitin– DNA

• Glucose

• What is the chemical mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?

• Dehydration reactions

• How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?

• 10

• What is the structure?– Starch molecule– Protein molecule– Steroid molecule– Cellulose molecule– Phospholipid molecule

• Steroid molecule

• Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?

• 99 peptide bonds

• At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide back to its component amino acid?

• C

• Which bond is closest to the N-terminus of the molecule?

• A

• Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?

• Peptide bonds

• What maintains the secondary structure of a protein?

• Hydrogen bonds

• Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet structures of proteins?

• Hydrogen bonds

• What is the strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide’s specific three-dimensional shape is a?

• Disulfide Bond

• What method did Frederic Sanger use to elucidate the structure of insulin?

• Analysis of amino acid sequence of small fragments

• Enzymes are?– Carbohydrates– Lipids– Proteins– Nucleic acids

• Proteins