Review

• U.S. foreign policy that it would send troops into Latin American countries in order to preserve order and maintain stability within the Western Hemisphere?

• A = Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

• Name applied to Roosevelt’s foreign policy (derived from an African proverb)?

• A = “Big Stick” Diplomacy

More Review• Name given to Taft’s foreign policy that

stressed U.S. investment into countries in the Western Hemisphere so as to promote financial and social stability?

• A = Dolla Diplomacy

• Place where the U.S. supported a revolution so as to acquire a cheap canal?

• A = Panama

Warm Up

• Who ran in the election of 1912, who won, and why?

• What were some reasons that TR came back to run against Taft?

• How did Wilson and TR differ in their views on the trusts?

African Americans During the Progressive Era

At the start of the 20th Century, Most African Americans lived in poverty and faced widespread discrimination.

2/3 of African Americans lived in the South.a. Most were sharecroppers.

b. Jim Crow Laws —Legalized Segregation.

c. Plessy v. Ferguson = Supreme Court Case. “Separate but equal” Segregation OK so long as facilities and conditions are equal.

d. Most blacks could not vote

Progressive Presidents and African Americans

• TR did little for African Americans but he did have Black leader Booker T. Washington to the White House.

Wilson and African Americans

• Under Wilson, government offices and facilities became segregated.

• In answering critics, Wilson claimed segregation was, “in the interest of the Negro.”

Booker T. Washington

• Son of a slave.

• Started Tuskegee Institute—a vocational school for blacks in Alabama.

• Wrote an influential book entitled, Up From Slavery.

Washington’s Policies• Called for the policy of accommodation in dealing with

the racism, segregation and poverty that faced the black community.

• Accommodation = that blacks should first concentrate on learning skills and working hard (“prove themselves”) and then whites would start to respect blacks.

• Felt that blacks should worry about discrimination and segregation later.

• Called for Self-Help and vocational training.

• Was the most powerful black political figure of his time and his views sat well with many whites.

Washington’s Philosophy

• Accept not having political rights and segregation.

• Focus on economic improvement—learning a skill and working hard.

• Eventually, blacks would earn white respect and treat them better and give them political rights.

More Washington

• Views were outlined in his most famous speech: “The Atlanta Compromise.” (1895)

• “In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers,” he said, “Yet one as the hand in all things that are essential to mutual progress.”

Tuskeegee Institute

• What are the advantages to Washington’s approach?

• Why might some African Americans object to it?

W.E.B. Du Bois

• Born free in Mass.

• First black to earn a PhD from Harvard.

• Wrote many books including, The Souls of Black Folks.

• Helped to found the NAACP in 1909.

• Called for immediate social and political equality for blacks.

• Said that segregation deprived blacks of their dignity.

• Said that blacks should celebrate their uniqueness and not try to totally imitate white culture.

• Advocated traditional college education for talented blacks so that they could serve as teachers and leaders in the black community.

• Du Bois’s term for these future leaders was “the talented 10th.”

More DuBois• Helped to launch the Niagara

Movement (1905) that led to the NAACP in 1909.

• NAACP = National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

• Became more radical as he got older & by the 1930s he was frustrated with the NAACP’s legalistic approach to obtaining Civil Rights.

• In 1961 he moved to Africa and denounced his American citizenship.

• What are the advantages and disadvantages to DuBois approach?

• If you were an African American living during the Progressive Era, would you support Washington or DuBois? Explain your answer.

Review• What was the term used for the laws that

segregated the races in the South?

• A = Jim Crow Laws

• What Supreme Court case said segregation was OK so long as facilities were equal for both races?

• A = Plessey v. Ferguson

More!!!

• Which President received much flack for inviting Booker T. Washington to the White House?

• A = TR

• What is the longest lasting civil rights organization in the U.S. (it was founded by DuBois in 1909)?

• A = NAACP

DuBois or Washington• Wanted immediate civil rights for blacks.

• A = DuBois

• Favored vocational training and thought African Americans should focus on economic advancement and “proving” themselves to whites and that they should not press too hard for civil rights?

• A = Washington

DuBois or Washington• Talented 10th

• A = DuBois

• Tuskegee Institute

• A = Washington

• Harvard?

• A = DuBois