review week 2012
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
1/34
Research Methods 850Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Designs
2013/14
Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Post Diploma
Degree Program, Ryerson UniversityLoiselle et al. (20 )
All Chapters to date
Prepared by Dr Elaine Sta. Mina
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
2/34
Comparison of Qualitative and
Quantitative Paradigms
Some researchers are purely qualitative and
others are purely quantitative,
neither believing in, nor accepting, the others
paradigm as a valid path to understanding
2
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
3/34
Comparison of Qualitative and
Quantitative Paradigms
However, as demonstrated in last weeks class
on multi-method designs there is a growing
body of research embracing both designs
within one study.
3
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
4/34
Comparison of Qualitative and
Quantitative Paradigms
There are also differing views on the bestpractice for teaching the two researchparadigms: some educators insist they should
be taught separately and others believe theyshould be taught in an integrated fashion.
The Loiselle et al (2007) text 2nd ed. waswritten from an integrated framework.
44
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
5/34
Comparison of Qualitative and
Quantitative Paradigms
This course has taught you about research byseparating the paradigms.
It has built upon what may be most familiar, thenarrative, inherent in qualitative research.
Then it has developed your understanding of thequantitative approach to lead to statistical analysis.
55
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
6/34
Comparison of Qualitative and
Quantitative Paradigms
However
it is important that as nurses and as consumersof researcher (and possibly as future
researchers) you understand both paradigms,
and can compare and contrast their
methodologies in order to inform your
practice.
66
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
7/34
Comparison of Qualitative and
Quantitative Paradigms
So this weeks class will bring both paradigms
together to compare and contrast each step of
the research process, according to each
philosophy.
77
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
8/34
Comparison of Qualitative and
Quantitative Paradigms
So this weeks review will bring both
paradigms together to compare and contrast
each step of the research process, according
to each philosophy.
88
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
9/34
1) Underlying Philosophy
Qualitative
a holistic approach to
understanding
reality consists of
multiple truths
inductive reasoning
Quantitative
reductionistic approach
truth as objective reality
deductive reasoning
99
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
10/34
1) Underlying Philosophy
Qualitative
subjective experience is
valued
the researcher is
integral to the researchprocess
Quantitative
subjectivity set aside
objective reality valued
the researcher is
separate from the
research process
1010
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
11/34
2) The Research Question
Qualitative
broadly articulated
phenomenon areexplored,described
Quantitative
tightly defined
cause and effectrelationship amongindependent &
dependent variables
1111
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
12/34
3) Literature Review
Qualitative
broad focus on
phenomena andphilosophy
phenomena aresearched
may be part of analysis
Quantitative
extensive review of each
variable
review of theory
reviews previousresearch
1212
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
13/34
3) Literature Review
Qualitative
identification of gaps in
research, methodology,population, conditions
Quantitative
identification of gaps in
research,
methodology,
population,
conditions
1313
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
14/34
4) Conceptual Framework or Theory
Qualitative
little, if any,
conceptualization of thephenomena
the ory or conceptualmodel
research developstheory rather than teststheory
Quantitative
usually well articulated
theory
1414
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
15/34
5) The Research Problem, Question (s);
Hypothesis (es)
Qualitative
problem is broadly
described
nohypotheses
Quantitative
problem is clearly
identified from theliterature review
question flows fromproblem statement
hypothesis (es) arestated from the
research question
1515
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
16/34
6) Design Type
Qualitative
retrospective
prospective
longitudinal
cross-sectional
emergent designs
ethics are critical
Quantitative
retrospective
prospective
longitudinal
cross-sectional
articulated designs
ethics are critical
1616
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
17/34
6) Design Type
Qualitative
phenomenological
ethnographic
historicism
participant action
critical social
Quantitative
randomized control trial:
the gold standard
experimental
quasi experimental
non-experimental
1717
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
18/34
7) The Target Population and The Sample
Qualitative
small sample size
sample size determined by
saturation
non-probability
sampling
Quantitative
large sample size
sample size calculation
non-probability
sampling
probability sampling
1818
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
19/34
8) Methods
Qualitative
ethics approval
informed consent
evolve during process
emergent design
Quantitative
ethics approval
informed consent
tightly articulated
step by step
1919
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
20/34
8) Methods
Qualitative
collection and analysis
occur simultaneously
may include member
checking
Quantitative
data collection and
analysis occurseparately
findings not validated with
participants, they mayrequest a copy of the
findings
2020
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
21/34
9) Data Collection
Qualitative
high obtrusiveness
flexible methods
the unstructured and
structuredObservation
Quantitative
highly structured
low obtrusiveness
levels of measurement
nominal, ordinal, interval,ratio
2121
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
22/34
9) Data Collection
Qualitative
researcher as
instrument
narrative accounts
Quantitative
scales: likert, visual
analogue semanticdifferential,
bio-physiologic
numeric measures
2222
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
23/34
9) Data Collection
Qualitative
logs, journals, diaries
tape recordings, audio and
video
Quantitative
structured interview
logs, journals, diaries
2323
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
24/34
10) Data Analysis
Qualitative
iterative
not standardizedunit of measure isnarrative
goal to synthesize,interpret,communicate
Quantitative
Linear
highly standardizedunit of measure isnumeric
goal to establish resultsnot by chance alone
2424
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
25/34
10) Data Analysis
Qualitative
template
categories ,editing
immersion /
crystallization
Quantitative
statistical analysis to test
the hypothesis
hypotheses are supported
or refuted based upon
statistical significance
2525
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
26/34
10) Data Analysis
Qualitative
data quality
trustworthinesscredibility
confirmability
dependability
transferability offindings
Quantitative
data quality:
reliability
validity
generalizability of findings
2626
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
27/34
11) The Research Report
Qualitative
includes thick narrative
transferability
Quantitative
includes statistical results
generalizability
2727
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
28/34
11) The Research Report
Qualitative
includes thick narrative
transferability
Quantitative
includes statistical results
generalizability
2828
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
29/34
12) Dissemination of the Research Findings
Qualitative
journals, conferences
books
Quantitative
journals, conferences
books
2929
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
30/34
13) Strengths of the Paradigm
Qualitative
subjective realities are
valued
in-depth meanings
articulated
Quantitative
subjectivity is controlled
cause and effect more
clearly established
3030
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
31/34
13) Strengths of the Paradigm
Qualitative
develops theory
develops knowledge
about
little known phenomena
Quantitative
supports of refutes theory
supports or refutes
hypotheses
generalizable
reproducible
3131
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
32/34
14) Limitations of the Paradigm
Qualitative
subjectivity lend itself to
competinghypotheses
Quantitative
tight control of
extraneous variablesdiminishes
generalizability
3232
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
33/34
14) Limitations of the Paradigm
Qualitative
not generalizable
small sample sizes
Quantitative
feasibility of getting
large samples
3333
-
7/27/2019 Review week 2012
34/34
References
Burns, N., Grove, S. K. (2001). The Practice of Nursing Research:Conduct, Critique, & Utilization 4thEdition.Philadelphia: W. B.Saunders.
Loiselle, C.G., Profetto-McGrath, J., Polit, D., F. & Beck, C. T.
(2007). Canadian Essentials of Nursing Research 2nd
Edition.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Polit, D., F. & Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing Research: Principles andMethods 7thEdition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins:
34