Revolution and Change in Britain

• Elizabeth I• Protestant• Who Succeed?No Children Lots of debt to who wouldfollow

Elizabeth dies in 1603 noheir

Stuarts

• James VI (James I) son of Mary Queen of Scots• “Wisest fool in Christendom”• Believed in “Divine Right of Kings”• Anglican• King James Bible• “Mayflower”• “Gun Powder Plot” November 5 1605

•What were the problems for James I and Parliament?

• James dies• Charles 1st Any Problems with Parliament?• Believes in Divine Right of Kings• Married Catholic• $$$$ Problem• Sent people to jail• Parliament issued Petition of

the Right

• Petition of the Right– No taxes w/o Parliaments OK– No Martial Law– No Quartering of Soldiers in

peace time– No imprisonment w/o charges

• Charles signs it and continues to TAX• House of Commons gets upset• Parliament Dissolved by King• 11 years w/o Parliament• Economy improved and people mad• “To Catholic”• King= Tyrant

• King tried people in Royal Courts• Take away civil liberties• No Jury , One Judge loyal to King• “Star Chamber”– Try and convict anyone (mostly Puritans and critics)– Even the gentry lost right of no corporal punishment• People saw him as an absolute ruler.

• Charles goes after worship in Scotland• Presbyterianism = John Calvin• They saw this to Catholic control• Loyal to Church before loyal to king• Scots raised army• Charles need more funds to fight • Calls Parliament back into session

• Parliament tick, Air grievance• Charles fires them again• Scots beat the TRASH out of England• In 1640 calls Parliament back into

session.

English Civil WAR1640 Long Parliament

Puritan control

Limit power of KingNot allow King to Dissolve Parliamentchanges several tax laws of Kingabolished the Star Chamber

Executed advisors of king

IRISH PROBLEM

England has best land in IrelandRoman Catholics in Ireland get worst stuff1641 Irish rebelProtestants scared of IrishNeed ARMYParliament not trust Charles I to leadPut army in power of ParliamentCharles leads his troops to put down situation

CavaliersSupport CharlesAnglican and CatholicNobles Leader needs to be King

RoundheadsSupport ParliamentPuritanLeader should be Oliver Cromwell

VS.

Charles Defeated in 1645

Fled to Scotland

Scots turn him over to Puritans

Charles escapes

Charles defeated again 1647

1649 Cromwell and Puritians trial for treason

Parliament under Cromwell

Abolish Monarchy

Commonwealth

Tried Charles for Treason

Charles found guilty one vote

1649 Charles Executed

Never had king been tried in Public and executed

Oliver Cromwell

Believed in God put him in power

Suppresses dissidents=HARSHLY

Wanted a Republic style government

Written constitution in 1653Instrument of GovernmentFirst written constitutionLORD PROTECTOR

People not happy and could do nothing about it* Army?* $$$$$?* Opposition not organization

Cromwell improved economy and trade

Lead to conflicts with Dutch* Navigation Act

Lead to prestige and improved commerce

Republic Failed

Parliament argued with CromwellParliament Dissolved1660 people of England not happyPeople of England want a king

Asked Charles II (son of Charles I)Parade

The "merry Monarch"Restoration of Monarchy

used Parliament unlike DAD

Parliament passed HABEAUS CORPUS

Loves FUN

Puritans TickedProblem = No Legitimate kids

Rule would fall to brother James !!Catholic

Charles Dies

James believes in Royal Absolutism

James has two Protestant daughters then a Catholic son

Appointing Catholics to high positions

England scared of a Catholic line of kings

Ask Mary and her husband William if they would rule

Glorious Revolution1688 15,000 troops land in England

James Abdicates without a fight

No one dies in Change

At Coronation William and Mary promised to work with Parliament

Bill of Rights – things king cannot do

Parliament come into power

King and Parliament had to work together

Cabinet created to help king – appointed by Parliament

Model for others to end Absolute Rule!!!!!!!!