RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION(RFID

)

Mayank Agrawal (MT14IND012)

Academic session - 2014-2015

Mechanical Engineering Department

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

TRACK..ANYTIME…ANYTHING…. ANYWHERE

RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION(RFID)

• (RFID) is the wireless use of electromagnetic fields to transfer data, for the purposes of automatically identifying and tracking tags attached to objects. The tags contain electronically stored information. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one method for Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC).

• RFID tags are used in many industries. An RFID tag attached to an automobile during production can be used to track its progress through the assembly line. Livestock and pets may have tags injected, allowing positive identification of the animal.

INTRODUCTION

• In 1945 Leon Theremin invented an espionage tool for the Soviet Union which retransmitted incident radio waves with audio information. It is considered to be a predecessor of RFID, because it was likewise passive, being energized and activated by waves from an outside source.

• Similar technology, such as the IFF transponder, was routinely used by the allies and Germany in World War II to identify aircraft as friend or foe.

• The first patent to be associated with the abbreviation RFID was granted to Charles Walton in 1983.

HISTORY

• No need for physical contact between data carrier and the communication device.

• Tags can be used repeatedly.• Tags can last up to 20 years. • Works in harsh environments (compared to bar code, optical

scan technologies) withstands extreme temperatures, acid baths etc.

• Low maintenance costs. • Tags available in a range of types, sizes and materials. • Simultaneous & multiple tag reads, 10s to 1000s in short time

intervals. • Non-line-of-sight communication makes it possible to read and

write Tags in dirty conditions. • Extremely low error rate. • Can be read through the human body, clothing and non-

metallic materials.

WHY RFID?

• RFID system consist of tags, reading devices that convey information from the tags to computer.

• An unpowered tag is powered intermittently from a distance by a reader device that broadcasts energy to it.

• Tags consist of plain antenna bonded to a silicon chip and encapsulated inside a glass or plastic module.

• Typically tags need to be less than 1m away from reader.

RFID- WORKING

• An RFID system consists of three components:– An antenna and transceiver (often combined into

one Reader). – And a transponder (the Tag).– An Application.

RFID Components

• Reader – A transmitter/receiver that reads the contents of RFID Tags in the vicinity, also called an "RFID interrogator." The maximum distance between the Reader's antenna and the Tag vary, depending on application.

• Tag – An electronic identification device that is made up of a chip

and antenna. For reusable applications, it is typically embedded in a plastic housing, and for tracking shipments, it is usually part of a "smart" packaging label. An RFID Tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. The Tag contains a unique serial number, but may have other information, such as a customers' account number. There are generally three types of RFID Tags: active RFID Tags, passive and semi passive tags.

• Host Computer:-Stores the data into database and view real time presentation of an asset with History.

RFID COMPONENTS

DESIGN (TAGS)

• A radio-frequency identification system uses tags, or labels attached to the objects to be identified. Two-way radio transmitter-receivers called interrogators or readers send a signal to the tag and read its response.

• RFID tags can be either passive, active or battery-assisted passive.

• Description about various tags are explained in latter slide.

ACTIVE TAGS

• Contain a battery that runs a microchips circuitry.

• Tag is able to send a stronger signal to the reader due to battery.

• Allows a read range of about one hundred feet.

PASSIVE TAGS

• Passive tags contain no batteries.• Passive tags gets power from a reader.• Readers send electromagnetic waves that

produce a current in the tags antenna which then powers the microchips circuits.

• A passive tags read range is approximately 30 feets.

• Automates the entire process. • Unique Identification - Each RFID tag has a unique

serial number that distinguishes among many millions of identically manufactured objects.

• Wireless, non-contact, non-line-of-site. • Ideally suited for providing low cost remote and

instant identification of objects. • Real time tracking of assets and its content. • Visibility of location of assets and their tampering

history, maintenance history. • RFID tags can be read through human body,

clothing and non-metallic materials.

BENEFITS OF RFID

• RFID provides a way for organisations to identify and manage tools and equipment without manual data entry. This provide electronic articles surveillance, and self checkout process for customers.

• Automatic identification with RFID can be used for inventory system.

• Wal-Mart and the United States Department of Defence have published requirements that their vendors place RFID tags on all shipments to improve supply chain management.

COMMERCE

• RFID tags for animals represent one of the oldest uses of RFID. The transponders are more well known as passive RFID on animals. The Canadian Cattle Identification Agency begin using RFID as a replacement for barcode tags.

MUSEUMS• RFID tech. are also implemented in museums. An exam.

Was the temporary research application,”eXspot”, a science museum in San Francisco, California. A visitor receive a tag as a card that help to receive information which they can retrieved at home from a website keyed to RFID tags.

ANIMALS

• School authorities in the Japanese city of Osaka are now chipping children’s clothing, backpacks, and student IDs in primary school.

• A college in west London started using RFID card system to check in ad out of the main gate, to both track attendance and prevent unauthorized persons.

• In some colleges RFID tags is also used for borrowing books, buying items at a school shop and canteen, library and also to sign in and out for student and teachers attendance.

SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITIES

• Time– Being able to respond more quickly– Taking quicker decisions

• Feedback– Minimize human factor

• Savings– Streamlining orgs – Long term savings

OPPORTUNITIES

• General effects– Training, faster decision making

• Middle Management– More Technicians required

• Higher/Executive Management– Better Planning

EFFECTS ON DIFFERENT LEVELS OF

MANAGEMENT

RFID• Forging is difficult• Scanner not required. No

need to bring the tag near the reader

• RFID is comparatively fast• Can read multiple tags• Relatively expensive as

compared to Bar Codes• (Reader 1000$, Tag 20 cents

a piece)• Can be reusable within

factory premises

Barcode• Forging is easy• Scanner needs to

see the bar code to read it

• Can read only one tag at a time

• Cannot be reused

RFID Vs Barcode

• Cost of RFID technology.• Active RFID life - 2 to 4 years.• Privacy concerns• Extreme weather.• Security concerns-illicit tracking of RFID tags.• Global standardization.• Environmental concern-recycling.• RFID system are vulnerable to virus.

ISSUES / CONCERNS

REFERENCES

• http://www.slideshare.net/radio frequency identification.php

• http://business.gov.in/manage_business/rfid.php

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency_identification

Thank You !

QUESTIONS

1. Distinguish between RFID and Bar code??2. Give the practical application of RFID?? And

also write the advantage and limitation of RFID??

3. Explain RFID component in brief??4. Enlighten the history of RFID in brief??5. Explain RFID and its various types in detail??