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.h.

Build a private cloud computing

environment using red Hat

network satellite

2 AbstrAct:

2 IntroductIon: defInIng the

prIvAte cloud

3 chArActerIstIcs of cloud computIng

3 prIvAte clouds, externAl clouds,

And vIrtuAlIzAtIon

6 prIvAte cloud versus A vIrtuAlIzed

envIronment

6 prIvAte cloud benefIts

7 prIvAte cloud Issues

7 the role of red hAt network

sAtellIte In the prIvAte cloud

8 systems mAnAgement Issues In

the cloud

9 A model for buIldIng And mAnAgIng

A prIvAte cloud wIth rhn sAtellIte

11 summAry



2 .h.

Build a private cloud computing environment using Red Hat Network Satellite

aBstract

Cloud computing is gaining interest, but many organizations are not ready or able to shift their current work-

loads to physical external datacenters. The creation of a private cloud helps enterprises realize the benets

of cloud computing, as well as reduce their physical hardware footprint. This paper provides a detailed

overview of how organizations can use Red Hat® Network (RHN) Satellite in combination with Red Hat

Enterprise Linux® and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization to construct and manage a private cloud computing

environment.

introduction: defining tHe private cloud

Cloud computing is one of the top trends today, even spilling into consumer advertising. But what exactly is

the cloud? Does it make sense for enterprise computing?

In its most basic sense, cloud computing is a model for on-demand computing resources, including networks,

servers, storage — even applications and services. It is an abstracted, exible environment.

Ideally, all of this can be rapidly congured, deployed, recongured, and redeployed as-needed. The goal is

to reduce or eliminate the need to overbuild an infrastructure to be able to meet peak demand, especially

when that demand may be only periodic or seasonal.

While the benets of cloud computing are highly desirable, there are also drawbacks such as security and

availability. Many organizations cannot put proprietary or trusted data on external networks, and trusting

an amorphous external bank of computing resources may not be sufcient for those that require predictable

fast response and high availability.

Some cloud computing solutions do not have standards-based interfaces, which makes implementing and

managing enterprise resources more difcult and costly. In addition, any non-standard interface places the

enterprise at risk of vendor lock-in, increasing the costs of moving to another provider or solution should the

need arise.

However, in order to mitigate some of the concerns over response time and availability, cloud computing can

also be used inside the organization in the form of a private cloud. Moreover, that same approach can also be

used to build and operate a private cloud within an external cloud.



.h. 3

figure 1: types of clouds

PRIVATEVIRTUAL

PRIVATEPUBLIC HYBRID

TYPES OF CLOUDS


cHaracteristics of cloud computing

The key characteristics of cloud computing are:

•On-demand, self-service access and provisioning

•Resource pooling

•Rapid elasticity

•Measured service

A system with these characteristics allows organizations to deploy servers rapidly and at-will, using a bank

of ready resources. These resources can be quickly and easily provisioned and re-positioned. And the full

environment can be monitored and measured to track usage, cost, and requirements.

The cloud environment can also be easily expanded and is not bound to a single location or facility.

private clouds, external clouds, and

virtualization

External cloud providers charge for their resources in a metered service, but to fully take advantage of

external clouds, organizations must commit to substantive bandwidth or ‘pipes’ to reduce lag times and

make rapid deployment possible. External clouds can also carry increased security and availability risks,

as well as non-standardized interfaces and lock-in.

Internal or private clouds allow enterprises to create their own on-demand service infrastructure, while

keeping it safely inside their organization. This allows for a high degree of exibility and offers clear cost

controls.

But what are the differences between using virtualization and building a private cloud? And are private

clouds limited to internal infrastructure?



4 .h.

figure 2

INTRANET

PRIVATE CLOUD

Red Hat Enterprise Linux,Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization,

Red Hat Network, MRG,

JBoss Enterprise Middleware

Compute

resources

Storage,

files,

DB

Network,

community,

queuing

vCompute

resources

vStorage,

files,

DB

vNetwork,

community,

queuing

ENTERPRISE


Virtualization is the process of abstracting the hardware to run multiple servers on the same physical

hardware device. Typically virtualization is used in much the same way that physical servers are used:Servers are created and provisioned, and they operate as if they were just another computer in the enter-

prise datacenter.

A private cloud, on the other hand, is a bank of available resources, which can be both physical and virtual,

that can be provisioned and de-provisioned as demand dictates. Virtualization can be handled manually, but

a cloud environment demands automation.

A public cloud is a service. It requires the enterprise to move at least a portion of its operations outside the

corporate rewall. This requires dealing with interfaces, security and compliance issues, and added and

potential costs. These factors can be overcome, but they add to the cost and complexity of the enterprise

environment.



.h. 5

Perhaps the most advanced and exible version of cloud computing is the hybrid cloud. The hybrid cloud

combines the private and public cloud approaches, providing virtually unlimited processing capabilitiesand innite scaling. The hybrid cloud can use the managed approach of the private cloud and extend the

enterprise’s reach into the public cloud when needed. Some providers, like Amazon, offer access to cloud

computing resources in a way that eliminates the complications of interfaces and security, providing cloud

computing as a virtual extension of the enterprise’s own environment. See ://a.aa.//

for a detailed description of this model.

figure 3

PUBLIC CLOUD

Red Hat Enterprise Linux,

Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization,



PRIVATE CLOUD

Red Hat Enterprise Linux,

Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization,



INTRANETINTERNET

vComputeresources

vStorage,files,DB

vNetwork,community,queuing

Computeresources

Storage,files/DB

Network,community,queuing

vComputeresources

vStorage,files,DB

vNetwork,community,queuing

ENTERPRISE




6 .h.

private cloud versus a

virtualized environment

Some use the terms ‘cloud computing’ and ‘virtualized environment’ interchangeably, but they are two very

different things. A virtualized computing environment is simply an abstraction of physical hardware. Cloud

computing uses virtualization, but it adds the additional benets of combining resources into a exible pool

that can be virtual as well as physical, with systems provisioned as needed. In the simplest terms, virtualiza-

tion plus automation equals cloud. The automation component of this equation is the provisioning of both

physical and virtual resources and the automation of the scaling of resources to meet demand changes.

Many virtual systems implementations are largely the same as they would be if deployed on physical

hardware. Some create and manage virtual systems by simply cloning existing systems or copying a stored

system onto the virtual hardware. Using a binary image may seem simple, but many external cloud providers

do not support this method of provisioning, and bandwidth restraints may make it unwieldy.

In a virtual environment, guest systems are largely created using a manual process. Private cloud computing

is best deployed using system management tools and automated processes for swift deployment and

re-conguring.

Virtual hardware guests are most often treated as physical systems and are deployed for long periods of

time — typically weeks or months. Guests in a private cloud environment only persist as-needed, often only

hours at a time before the systems are redeployed for other uses. In a private cloud environment, systems

are scaled up and down as demand requires.

This is the key: Private cloud computing environments provide services that can be swiftly deployed,

measured, monitored, and redeployed as needed.

private cloud Benefits

Organizations that utilize private clouds nd that this model is a signicant shift in how information tech-

nology is typically deployed and used. The private cloud can be a dedicated portion of their environment

or they can fully deploy systems into a 100 percent cloud environment; the benets are the same:

•More exibility and a higher utilization of system resources

•More responsiveness to user needs and demand

•A reduction in costs to expand and maintain network resources




.h. 7

private cloud issues

While deploying a private cloud provides signicant benets, the process is not without risk. To take advan -

tage of a private cloud, an organization must be prepared to:

•Rapidly deploy and provision new services. Ideally, server deployment should be minutes, not days or

hours.

•Deploy services in a 100 percent error-free state.

•Monitor usage and system states, including full audit and compliance tracking.

•Update and patch deployed systems.

•Manage a high number of deployed systems, regardless of their conguration.

•Directly automate network services like DHCP/DNS.

It may be possible to manually build and maintain a small physical or virtual enterprise system. However,

when deployed as a rapidly changing cloud environment, IT organizations must know the state of their

systems at all times and be able to automate signicant portions of their operations. Taking full advantage

of cloud computing requires the adoption of a clear systems management process and toolset.

tHe role of red Hat network satellite

in tHe private cloud

For users of Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization there is one clear tool to create

and manage a private cloud: Red Hat Network (RHN) Satellite.

RHN Satellite provides the systems management framework with which IT organizations can deploy,

maintain, and monitor a private cloud. Users of RHN Satellite can swiftly deploy new services — typically

within minutes--and complete these tasks in a 100 percent error-free manner. These systems can be moni-

tored, updated, maintained, and removed from service easily, using the RHN Satellite web-based interface.

Alternately, servers can be deployed and removed in an unattended, automated fashion.

Organizations that use Red Hat Enterprise Linux and Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization have a strong start

toward creating a exible and manageable environment, but these solutions do not provide the systems

management features that allow organizations to deploy and manage at the speed that cloud computing

requires. RHN Satellite is the conductor dispatching all of the tasks that would require a battalion of system

administrators. A single system administrator using RHN Satellite can deploy hundreds of servers in under

twenty minutes. Most organizations struggle to manually implement new servers in two to four days, so this

adds remarkable exibility to the enterprise.




8 .h.

systems management issues in tHe cloud

Why is managing a private cloud different and more difcult than managing physical servers? The issues can

be summed up in this list:

•Sprawl

•Churn

•Guest system management

•Patch and update management

•Rapid deployment requirements

•License and subscription management

sa— The number one problem in a virtual system is the tendency to over-deploy systems. Combined with

systems that are created and forgotten, the sprawl of systems can create both a management headache and

signicant security and compliance issues. Without proper systems management, a cloud-computing envi-

ronment can become a cluttered and dangerous sprawl of unmanageable systems.

c— Cloud computing is designed to meet changes in user demands. That means that systems must be

made available quickly—and removed from service just as quickly. Without a systems management tool, it

is simply not possible to address the changing demand, especially when attempting to manually deploy and

provision these systems.

g aa— A private cloud is typically just one part of an enterprise-computing environ-

ment — typically made up of a mix of physical systems, virtualized hardware, and the private cloud itself. This

means different and multiple levels of hypervisors and guest systems. These guests are operating systems

deployed in the private cloud. Without a systems management tool, this can be extremely difcult to track

and manage, if not completely unworkable.

pa a a aa— In a private cloud environment, the application of updates and patches

to systems can be complex. Systems can be deployed, used, and removed from service in minutes or hours.

Making sure that each one is properly patched and updated is unwieldy when attempted manually.

rai i— The speed of deployment in a private cloud environment must meet

user demand. A detected increase in demand cannot be met with systems deployed days later. It must be

responded to in minutes. This is simply not possible without a powerful systems management tool.

li a ii aa — As systems are rapidly deployed, the issue of license and subscrip-

tion management becomes critical. For an organization to stay compliant, it needs to be able to track autho-

rized systems and ensure that they are within their subscription and licensing requirements. A clear systems

management approach is required to achieve this level of compliance.

It boils down to this: Every issue in a physical or virtual environment is magnied and accelerated in the

cloud. There are more systems to manage and that number can change from minute to minute; everything

is supercharged. Without a tool like RHN Satellite to manage everything, a Linux-based private cloud can be

difcult to impossible.




.h. 9

a model for Building and managing

a private cloud witH rHn satellite

When planning for a private cloud deployment, the systems designer and manager must consider the

following:

1. What hardware is available and what additional equipment will be required?

a. Which systems will remain as physical servers?

. Which systems will use virtualization?

. Which systems will be available for the cloud deployment?

2. What is the expected demand for services?

3. What applications are required and what usage patterns are known about them?

4. What are the known demand peaks and for what services?

5. Can the existing or desired hardware infrastructure meet the peak demand, or will external resources be

required on occasion?

RHN Satellite can be deployed in two different ways, depending on the organization’s requirements. It can be

deployed on a physical system and used as a central management tool to deploy all other systems. Or it can

be deployed on top of a virtual system and used to provision and manage virtual guests.

RHN Satellite can manage servers inside the organization or be used to provision and manage services

externally. This extends the enterprise’s private cloud onto public cloud resources, but allows them to be

managed and secured by RHN Satellite’s features.

To construct a private cloud using RHN Satellite, the system designer will start by assembling the infrastruc-ture and management services necessary to form the cloud. These services will include:

•RHN Satellite

•Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization Manager

•DNS service

•DHCP service

•PXE server

•NFS server (for ISO images)

•JBoss® Operations Network

•Red Hat Enterprise MRG

Most, if not all, of these services will be installed in virtual machines, preferably using Red Hat clustering to

provide high availability.

Once the infrastructure management services are constructed, a farm of virtual host systems can be assem-

bled. This will form the basis of the private cloud’s available processing space. This can be initially congured

as a small space and added to as-needed.




10 .h.

Now that the private cloud is active, applications and services can be deployed within the virtual space based

upon predened and tested server models and Kickstart proles. If the need to dynamically scale guest

operating systems based on demand makes building each operating environment through a system instal-

lation undesirable, RHN Satellite can be integrated with virtual machine images to ensure that patching,

subscription management, and automation can still be realized.

Once implemented, the RHN Satellite web-based interface can be used to:

•Provision new systems based upon Kickstart proles.

•Apply patches and updates to selected systems using RHN Satellite channels feature.

•Control access to systems and servers using RHN Satellite access control settings.

•Provide clear monitoring of systems and actions. This requires the addition of the Red Hat

Network Management Module.

•Track subscriptions as systems are deployed and removed from service.

•Use Kickstart proles to add new types of guests.

•Remove (de-provision) an operation guest and/or hypervisor.

•Apply patches to guests and/or hypervisors.

•Apply conguration updates to guests and/or hypervisors.

figure 4

SHARED FC STORAGE

RED HAT CLUSTER SUITE

x86 SERVER x86 SERVER

RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX / KVM RED HAT ENTERPRISE LINUX / KVM

CLUSTERED SERVICES

LUCI

RED HATENTERPRISE

LINUX VM

Satellite, DHCP,DNS, PXE

RED HATENTERPRISE

LINUX VM

RED HATENTERPRISE

VIRTUALIZATION-M

WINDOWSVM

NFS forISO

Libraries

JBoss ON

RED HATENTERPRISE

LINUX VM

MRG Mgr

RED HATENTERPRISE

LINUX VM

MGMT-1 MGMT-2

RED HAT

NETWORK

SATELLITE




.h. 11

summary

The benets of implementing a private cloud for an enterprise Linux infrastructure are signicant. But these

benets cannot be received without the use of a systems management tool and approach. RHN Satellite

provides those tools and a simple interface with which system administrators can design, build, and maintain

a private cloud for the enterprise. It allows organizations to eliminate the issues of clutter and churn in a

highly virtualized environment and provides a clear toolset with which to rapidly provision, update, monitor,

and manage systems within a private cloud.

RHN Satellite can be implemented on baremetal and used to provision all enterprise systems or can be

implemented with a virtual machine and used to provision only virtual guests. It can manage a combination

of physical, virtual, and cloud-based services both within the enterprise environment as well as extended into

an external cloud. For users of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, RHN Satellite is the clear choice for building and

operating a private cloud.

For detailed instructions on building a private cloud using RHN Satellite, contact your Red Hat

representative.

Additional information is available in the document Red Hat Cloud Foundations reference architecture:

Private IaaS clouds and is available online at the Red Hat Reference Architecture Series: .a./

/_/_ai..




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