right page october 18, 2012 focus: light and sight objective: i will be able to explain the...
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RIGHT PAGE October 18, 2012
Focus: Light and Sight
Objective: I will be able to explain the relationship among visible light, the electromagnetic spectrum, and sight.
EQ: How does our eyes process light?
HW: project
Warm-Up: Wave Review
(directions are on the sheet)
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A light review:• Our primary source of light is the sun.• Light travels in straight lines at a speed of
186,000miles per second.• Light waves travel faster than sound waves.• Light energy from the sun travels through space ,
reaches earth, and some of it turns to heat energy and warms the earth’s air.
• Light from the sun also travels to the cells of green plants (producers) and is stored as energy.
• When light reaches an object, it is absorbed, reflected, or passes through it.
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What is light really?Electromagnetic radiation waves
• Light waves are three dimensional
• Light waves vibrate in all planes around a center line.
• The waves have high points called “crests.”
• Waves also have low points called “troughs.”
• The distance from one crest to the next crest is called a “wavelength.”
• The number of waves passing a given point in one second is called the “frequency.”
wavelength
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*Electromagnetic Radiation• Electromagnetic radiation can be described in terms of a
stream of photons. Each photon is traveling in a wave-like pattern, moving at the speed of light and carrying some amount of energy.
• The only difference amongst radio waves, visible light, and gamma-rays is the amount of energy of the photons. Radio waves have photons with low energies. Microwaves have a little more energy than radio waves. Infrared has still more energy.
• As we move down the chart we see visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma-rays whose photon energies gradually increase.
• Gamma and Cosmic rays have the highest energy waves.
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Remember radio waves are long…and gamma rays are small
Radio-TV -Microwave- Infrared - VISIBLE -Ultraviolet -X-rays - Gamma- Cosmic
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Radio(Longest electromagnetic waves)
• Emitted by– Astronomical Objects– Radio Station Transmitters
• Detected by– Ground based radio
telescopes– *If you turn on a radio,, it
will convert the radio wave energy into sound energy.
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Television• Shorter than radio, also
used to carry messages (pictures & sound) to our TV sets.
• *We can sense the TV waves around us with our televisions.
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Microwave
• Emitted by:– Gas clouds collapsing into
stars– Microwave Ovens– Radar Stations– Cell Phones
• Detected by– Microwave Telescopes– Food (heated)– Cell phones– Radar (systems)
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Infrared(Heat or Thermal)
Are you a source of infrared? YES you are!
• Emitted by– Sun and stars (Near)– TV Remote Controls– Food Warming Lights
(Thermal)– *Everything at room
temperature or above,=HEAT
• Detected by– Infrared Cameras– TVs, VCRs,– Your skin
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VisibleEach color is a different size wave.
Red the longest & violet the shortest• Emitted by
– The sun and other astronomical objects
– Laser pointers
– Light bulbs
• Detected by– Cameras
(film or digital)
– Human eyes
– Plants (red light)
– Telescopes
Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet (order of colors of the rainbow)
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UltravioletSunburn / black light
• Emitted by– Tanning booths (A)– The sun (A)– Black light bulbs (B)– UV lamps
• Detected by– Space based UV
detectors– UV Cameras– Flying insects (flies)
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X-ray• Emitted by
– Astronomical objects – X-ray machines– CAT scan machines– Older televisions– Radioactive minerals– Airport luggage
scanners
• Detected by– Space based X-ray
detectors– X-ray film– CCD detectors
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Chandra X-ray Observatory• Chandra is designed to
observe X-rays from high energy regions of the universe, such as the remnants of exploded stars.
• The most sophisticated observatory built to date.
• Deployed by the Space Shuttle Columbia on July 23, 1999,
Chandra X-ray Observatory
*Slide from 2004 NSTA Conference
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Gamma Ray(Short electromagnetic waves but more energetic)
• Emitted by– Radioactive materials
– Exploding nuclear weapons
– Gamma-ray bursts
– Solar flares
• Detected by
• --Geiger counters– Gamma detectors and
astronomical satellites
– Medical imaging detectors
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Sources of g-ray Emission
• Black holes• Active Galaxies• Pulsars• Diffuse emission• Supernovae• Gamma-ray bursts• Unidentified
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COSMIC Rays
"Cosmic rays, the highest-energy particles in nature, are thought to be formed when stars collapse and produce tremendous shock waves
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• A great question!• Radio waves= (Buildings to human size);• Microwaves
(Humans-beetles);• Infrared waves (Eye of a needle);Visible waves (microscopic size)!
WOW! All the rest are the size of molecules, atoms, atomic nuclei and smaller..
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Sensing Light• Humans have two light
detectors.• Do you know what
they are called?
Did you realize cameras and camcorders are light detectors too?
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SmartBoard
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http://www.exploratorium.edu/learning_studio/cow_eye/video_sm_all.html
http://news.discovery.com/videos/why-tell-me-why-why-is-the-sky-blue.html
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There's a face... and the word liar
What do
What do you see?
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No, they're both the same size
Is the left center circle bigger?
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It's a spiral, right?
No, these are a bunch of independent circles
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Keep staring at the black dot. After a whilethe gray haze around it will appear to shrink.
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Stare at the black lightbulb for at least 30 seconds.Then immediately stare at a white area on the screenor at a sheet of paper. You should see a glowing light bulb!
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How many colors do you see?
There are only 3 colors: White, green, and pink.There seem to be two different shades of pink,but there is only one pink.
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Count the black dots! :o)
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Are the horizontal lines parallel or do they slope?
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How many legs does this elephant have?
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Is the blue on the inner left back or the outer left front?
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Do you see a musician or a girl's face?
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