risks and opportunities : canadian research on...
TRANSCRIPT
Risks and Opportunities : Canadian Research on Arctic Shipping
Dr. Ronald PelotDept. Industrial Engineering, Dalhousie University
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Outline
• Major Research Topics for Shipping in the Arctic• Environment• Technology• Response• Policy/governance
• Canadian Research Centers• ArcticNet• Arctic Institute of North America• Marine & Environmental Law Institute (MELI)• Munk School of Global Affairs
• Canadian University Researchers• Other select researchers on Arctic topics• Dalhousie University
• MEOPAR• MARIN
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A paradigm for shipping research classification
Risks TO the shipsversus
Risks BY the ships
Risks implies both upside and downside3
Research Topics: Environment
• Oceanography• Currents, tides• Sea ice, ice bergs
• Biology• Animal abundance, distribution• Food webs• Migration patterns• Anthropogenic impacts
• Climate and climate change• Storms• Gradual changes• Impacts
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Research Topics: Technology
• Ship technology• Hull design – ice• Equipment design – icing
• Infrastructure development• Permafrost – present now but melting• Fish processing plants• Port facilities
• Resource development• Mining, oil and gas• Operating in harsh environments• Economics
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Research Topics: Response
• Oil spill response• Detecting oil in ice• Cleaning oil in ice
• Search and Rescue• Capacity• Communications
• Safety• Lifeboats• Qualifications
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Research Topics: Policy & Governance• Infrastructure development
• deep-water ports• icebreakers• navigation aids• search and rescue facilities• oil spill prevention and mitigation capacity• modern charts
• Governance• sovereignty• international cooperation (ex. Arctic Council)• role of Canadian Government agencies• regulatory gaps
• Shipping economics• Socio-economics 7
ArcticNet (HQ at Laval University)
• A Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada• Study the impacts of climate change and modernization in
the coastal Canadian Arctic• >145 researchers, 30 Canadian Universities• 8 federal, 11 provincial agencies and departments• International collaborations
• Denmark, Finland, France, Greenland, Japan, Norway, Poland, Russia, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA
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Arctic Institute of North America
• University of Calgary• Arctic Resource Development and Climate Impacts, Adaptation,
and Mitigation• Changing Oceans in a Changing World• Sustainable Energy Development• Sustainable Tourism
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Munk School of Global Affairs• University of Toronto
• Arctic governance• Arctic security• Climate change impact on ecology and society
Canadian University Researchers• Marcel Babin, Université Laval
• remote sensing of ocean conditions in the arctic
• David Barber, U. Manitoba: Arctic-System Science• Effects of global warming on sea ice• Develop tools to predict and deal with potentially harmful effects
• Michael Byers, UBC: Global Politics and International Law• Examine interactions of international politics and law
• John Hughes Clarke, University of New Brunswick• seabed bathymetry and geologic data; geohazards
• Jackie Dawson, Ottawa University: Environment, Society and Policy• Tourism Vulnerability and Resilience in the Arctic • Marine Governance and Tourism in the Arctic
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Canadian University Researchers(continued)
• Stephen Dery, UNBC: Northern Hydrometeorology• Effects of global climate change and climate variability
• Christian Haas, York University: Arctic Sea Ice Geophysics• Airborne/ground-based observations, satellite remote sensing, theoretical
modelling of sea ice
• Rob Huebert, University of Calgary• Circumpolar relations, naval studies, ocean politics
• Frédéric Lasserre, Université Laval: arctic shipping economics; policy
• Christian Schoof, UBC: Global Process Modelling• Model to predict the future of ice sheets and sea level rise
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Dalhousie University• Marine & Environmental Law Institute
• Aldo Chircop• David VanderZwaag
• Arctic governance – multiple facets
• Marine Affairs Program• Claudio Aporta
• Arctic anthropology, Inuit and sea ice, Northwest Passage history
• Lucia Fanning – Fish-WIKS (with 3 other universities)• Understanding how Western and Indigenous Knowledge Systems can improve the sustainability of
Canadian Fisheries
• Dick Hodgson (ret’d)• Marine economics, safety, environmental responsibilities• Government’s role in deciding policy, developing/implementing legislation, providing
support services
• Institute for Ocean Research Enterprise (formerly HMRI)• IORE facilitates collaboration between academia, industry and government• Spans : Ocean science, Offshore development, Ocean law and policy, Coastal
management12
National Research Council Canada
• Arctic Technologies Program • research on ice engineering problems• predicting the ice loads and ice failure patterns around
bridge piers and offshore platforms in the Caspian and Beaufort Seas
• design, and developing safe evacuation procedures from offshore structures.
• physical modelling using ice tank and cold room • NRC - Institute for Ocean Technology (NRC-IOT)
• St. John’s• Arctic Search & Rescue study
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Response for oil spills in ice
• The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE)
• investing up to $600,000 for targeted oil spill response research in drift ice conditions.
• call for white papers on new mechanical technologies for cleaning up oil spills in drift ice conditions that could be found in an Arctic environment.
• Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology Joint Industry Programme (JIP)
• Launched in In January 2012• Managed by the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers
(OGP)• expand industry knowledge of, and proficiencies in, Arctic oil spill
response.14
MEOPAR: Arctic Research
• Improved sea ice forecasts through classification and assimilation of SAR imagery
• Andrea Scott, University of Waterloo
• Combining innovative models and observations of seasonally ice-infested waters for improving surface drift forecasts
• Dany Dumont, Université du Québec à Rimouski
• User-driven monitoring of adverse marine and weather states in the Eastern Beaufort Sea
• David Atkinson, University of Victoria
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Arctic Research (Ron Pelot)• For DRDC: Analysis of Marine Traffic along Canada’s Coasts
• Assessment of current traffic• Drivers of change• Projections of future traffic
• Protection & Advanced Surveillance Systems for the Arctic: Green, Efficient, Secure (PASSAGES)
• Maritime surveillance system• Requirements and architecture
• Assess the need for improved maritime situational awareness• Improve traffic projections• Risk assessments
• Impacts of the environment on vessels• Impacts of vessels on the environment• Social and cultural implications
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o Which ships can navigate in which ice conditions?o Arctic Ice Regime Shipping System (AIRSS) Transport Canada
o Ice Multiplier
Ice Multiplier
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Ice Multipliers for each Canadian Arctic Ship CategoryIce Types Thickness Type E Type D Type C Type B Type A CAC 4 CAC 3
Old/Multi-Year Ice -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -3 -1
Second-Year Ice -4 -4 -4 -4 -3 -2 1
Thick First-Year Ice > 120 cm -3 -3 -3 -2 -1 1 2Medium First-Year Ice 70-120 cm -2 -2 -2 -1 1 2 2Thin First-Year Ice 30-70 cm -1 -1 -1 1 2 2 2Thin First-Year Ice2nd stage
50-70 cm -1 -1 -1 1 2 2 2
Thin First-Year Ice 1st stage
30-50 cm -1 -1 1 1 2 2 2
Grey-White Ice 15-30 cm -1 1 1 1 2 2 2Grey Ice 10-15 cm 1 2 2 2 2 2 2Nilas, Ice Rind < 10 cm 2 2 2 2 2 2 2New Ice < 10 cm 2 2 2 2 2 2 2Brash (Ice fragments < 2 m across)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Bergy Water 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Open Water 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
o The Ice Numeral relies ono Ice Multiplier o Ice Concentrationo Ice Type (Stage of development)
IN = (Ca * IMa) + (Cb * IMb ) + (Cc + IMc)
o A positive Ice Numeral means that the ship is allowed to navigate into this sea ice.
Ice Numeral
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World Ocean Council & MEOPAR
Smart Ocean/Smart Industries Workshop Montreal, May 27-29, 2014
Goal: To facilitate and coordinate increased efforts by shipping and other ocean industries to collect and share ocean and atmospheric information.
Speaking of research…
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