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Before reaching Madrid to pursue his medical career in 1882, Jose Rizal had many stopovers.

He visited the progressive English colony ofSingapore, traversed the historic waterway ofSuez

Canal via the steamshipDjemnah, reached the Italian city of Naples, disembarked at the Frenchport of Marseilles, then took a train to the historic city of Barcelona. His Filipino schoolmates

from the Ateneo Municipal threw a party as they welcomed his arrival. In Barcelona, Rizal wrote

his first essay on a foreign soil the Amor Patrio (Love of Country) which he sent to hisfriend, Basilio Teodora, an editorial staff member of theDiariong Tagalog. By the end of 1882,

Rizal decided to leave Barcelona for Madrid.

Rizal lived a frugal life in Madrid, strictly budgeting both his (1) money for food, clothing and

school materials; and (2)time for his studies and social life. He joined the Circulo Hispano

Filipino and wrote the poem,Me Piden Versos (They Asked Me for Verses). In 1884, Rizal

made a splendid speech which saluted two Filipino masters of painting, Juan Luna and Felix

Resurreccion Hidalgo, in a banquet held at the National Exposition of Fine Arts. He met andalmost fell in love with Consuelo Ortega (Ortiga) y Reyif not for his engagement with Leonor

Rivera and his friendship with Eduardo de Lete who had a romantic feeling for Consuelo.

First Travel

In 1885, the 24-year old Rizal went to Paris, France to pursue his career as an ophthalmologist.

He tried his skills in music and studiedsolfeggio, piano and voice culture for a month and a half.

He worked as an assistant to the renowned ophthalmologist, Dr. Louis de Weckert, and left forHeidelberg after a year. He settled in the house of a Lutheran,Karl Ulmerand worked in the

clinics of famous Polish and German ophthalmologists, Dr. Javier Galezowsky and Dr. Otto

Becker, respectively. In Heidelberg, he was astound with the flowers along the Neckar River,

especially the forget-me-nots, which made him compose the poem,A Las Flores de Heidelberg(To the Flowers of Heidelberg), on April 22, 1886. It was also in this German city where the

long-distance friendship between Jose Rizal andFerdinand Blumentritt began.

Rizal traveled to Leipzig and attended some lectures at its local university. After which he wentto Berlin to further study ophthalmology and other languages, to get familiar with the scenic

Germany, to be part of the scientific community, and to finish his novel,Noli Me Tangere.

However, he was struck by financial problem in Berlin as he was short of allowance fromCalamba.

Back to the PhilippinesThe stunning beauty of the European lands did not stop Rizal from continuously adoring his

native land. After theNoli Me Tangere was published, he decided to return to Calamba despitethe many warnings he received from friends and relatives alike. He had four reasons for

returning to the Philippines:

1. to perform an operation on Doa Teodora's eyes;

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2. to defend his oppressed countrymen more effectively than doing so in a foreign land;

3. to find out how hisNoli was received by the Filipinos and Spaniards; and4. to know the reason forLeonor Rivera's long silence.

Aboard the steamerDjemnah, Rizal sailed to the East via the Suez Canal on June 3, 1887 and

reached Saigon on the 30th of July. From Saigon, he boarded the steamerHayfongbound forManila. On the sixth day of August, he arrived in Manila and visited some friends, and reached

Calamba two days later. In his native land, he opened a medical clinic and restored his mother'svision. Such miraculous news spread throughout the community like wild fire, thus, his clinic

was flocked by people aspiring for a better eyesight. Newly arrived from Germany, he began to

be known as Doctor Uliman (from the word Aleman).

Regarding his novelNoli Me Tangere, Rizal met Governor General Emilio Terrero whoinformed him of the charges against him. As a defense, Rizal told Terrero that theNoli only

exposes the reality. Not having read the book yet and out of curiosity, the governor general asked

for a copy of the controversial novel, which he later confessed that he enjoyed reading. He saw

no problem on the book, yet to protect Rizal's life which was then in danger, he assignedJoseTaviel de Andrade, a young Spanish lieutenant, as Rizal's personal bodyguard. Soon enough, the

attackers and defenders of the novel resurfaced.

Second Travel

Realizing that his family's and friends' safety were at risked; and that his fight against the

Spaniards have better chance of winning if he'd stay abroad, Rizal, six months after, finally

decided to sail back to Europe. Before his departure, a friend from Lipa City, Batangas asked ofhim a poem dedicated to the industrious workers in their town. Privileged, Rizal wrote the

Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor).

A glance of East Asia

On February 3, 1888, for the second time, Rizal sailed to Hongkong as a frustrated being who

wanted the utmost reform in his native land. Terreros former secretary,Jose Sainz de Varranda,followed Rizal in the said British colony, and was believed to be commissioned by the Spanish

authorities to spy on the hero. After almost three weeks, on board the American steamer,Oceanic, he left Hongkong and sailed to Japan where he was invited by Secretary Juan Perez

Caballero to live at the Spanish Legation. His instinct told him that it was a bait a way for theSpanish officials to keep track of his activities. And since it was economical to stay at the

legation and he believed that he had nothing to hide, he accepted it. Rizal was impressed by the

scenic Japan and had keenly observed the life, customs and culture of the people. He had fallenin love not only with the view but more to its women, particularly with the 23-year old O-Sei-

San (a.k.a. Usui Seiko).

Sail to the West

Rizal was almost tempted to settle in Japan with O-Sei-San, but on April 13, 1888, Rizal boarded

the English steamer,Belgic bound for the United States, reaching the land on April 28. He

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visited San Francisco, left it on the second day for Oklahoma, then to Sacramento, then to Reno,

and finally to New York. On May 16, 1888 the ship, City of Rome sailed for Liverpool and

where he decided to stay in London until March 1899. Rizal chose to stay in London so that hecould improve his English skills, study and do an annotation ofAntonio Morga's Sucesos de las

Islas Filipinas and because he believed that the said English city was a safe place for him to

carry on the reforms he wanted for the Philippines. He stayed at Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor's homeand boarded at the Beckett family where he fell in love with Gertrude.

In Great Britain

In London, Rizal received both good news and bad news from home. The good news was that

Rev.Vicente Garcia was defending hisNoli from the attacks of the friars. On the other hand, the

bad news were that the Filipino signatories of the Petition of 1888 and the tenants of theCalamba agrarian trouble were facing persecution; that his brothers-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo

andMariano Herbosa, were exiled to Boholand was denied Christian burial, respectively; and

his friend, Laureano Viado, a UST medical student, was imprisoned for possessing a copy of his

Noli. During his stay in this country, Rizal also made used of his time in writing essays andarticles for theLa Solidaridad. On June 12, 1889, with Filipino and Spanish friends, they

founded theAsociacion Hispano-Filipino which aimed for union and reforms. After ten months,Rizal left London and departed for Paris.

In France

In Paris, Rizal continued his study on various languages and practiced his artistic skills, and

finished two statues - The Beggar and The Maid With A Basket. He organized a social club

calledKidlat Club which brought together young Filipinos residing in France. Soon, themembers of the said club founded a new Filipino society the Indios Bravos, an organization

which envisioned Filipinos being recognized by Spain for being excellent in various fields ofknowledge.

By January 1890, Rizal's annotation of the Sucesos was finally printed and publihed by the

Garnier Freres.

In Belgium

With his roommate, Jose Albert, Rizal celebratedChristmasin Paris. Shortly afterNew Year, he

visited London for the last time and on January 28, 1890, left Paris for Brussels. With Albert,they left the extravagant and gay social life in Paris and stayed in a boarding house owned by the

Jacoby sisters in Brussels. Rizal continued contributing forLa Solidaridadunder thepseudonymsDimas AlangandLaong Laan. From Calamba, Rizal received letters telling that theagrarian trouble in the province was getting worse, and as such, he decided to go home. But

instead of going home, a letter from Pacianotold him that they already lost the case against the

Dominicans and they were in need of a lawyer who would defend their family and the families inCalamba from Madrid. Rizal traveled to Madrid to seek justice but in vain he could not find the

right person and he heard that his family was already evicted from their land in Calamba and

other family members were banished to Mindoroand Manila.

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In Spain

Rizal had many misadventures in Madrid. For one, he challenged Antonio Luna and Wenceslao

Retanain a duel. With Luna, it was about the latter's frustration with his unsuccessful loveaffair with Nellie Boustead, and so gave negative remarks on the lady which Rizal did not

tolerated. The other encounter was with Retana who had insulted Rizal and his family by writinginLa Epoca, an anti-Filipino newspaper, that the Rizal family in Calamba was ejected from their

lands because they did not pay their rents. It is also from this city where Rizal heard the news ofLeonor Rivera's marriage withHenry Kipping, an Englishman, which terrible broke his heart.

Another marked event in Madrid was the Marcelo H. del Pilar-Jose Rizal rivalry for leadership in

theAsociacion Hispano Filipino. A faction emerged from the Filipinos in Madrid, theRizalistas

andPilaristas, Rizal and del Pilar's compatriots, respectively, during the organization's election.Losing the election, Rizal decided to go back home, fearing that his presence may result to

bigger and stronger faction among the Filipinos in Madrid. But instead of going straight to

Hongkong, he went back to Brussels to finish his second novel, theEl Filibusterismo. (For a

detailed discussion regarding the novel, click here).

Back in Hongkong

After theFili was published, Rizal left Europe. Aboard the S.S. Melbourne, he sailed to

Hongkong where he lived for seven months. His reasons for venturing to Hongkong were the

following :

1. to leave behind his rivalry with del Pilar;2. to facilitate a Propaganda Movementin Hongkong; and

3. to be proximate to his family in the Philippines.

On November 20, 1891, Rizal arrived in Hongkong and was cordially welcomed by the Filipino

residents in the city, particularly, his friend Jose Ma. Basa. He resided at No. 5 D' Aguilar Street,No. 2 Rednaxela Terrace and opened a medical clinic there. Rizal had a continued

correspondence with his family in Calamba and had been aware of the unsettled agrarian

problem. Through a letter from his brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, he had been informed ofthe deportation of twenty-five persons in Calamba, including the Rizal family. This news made

Rizal even more desperate to return to Manila, but his sorrow was replaced by surprise when his

family visited him in Hongkong and celebrated the 1891 Christmas with him.

While in Hongkong, Rizal practiced his medical career. With the help of his friend, Dr.Lorenzo

P. Marquez, they built a large clientle and opened a medical clinic where he was recognized asan excellent eye surgeon. He was equally supported and aided both morally and financially by

his family and friends with his chosen career.

Another marked event during Rizal's stay in Hongkong was his plan to move the landlessFilipinos to Borneo and transform the said wilderness into a New Calamba through the so

called Borneo Colonization Project. In April 1892, he visited Borneo and negotiated with the

British authorities who are willing to provide 100,000 acres of land for theFilipinos. Many

http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Wenceslao_Retanahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Wenceslao_Retanahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Wenceslao_Retanahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=La_Epoca&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Henry_Kippinghttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Henry_Kippinghttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Marcelo_H._del_Pilarhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=El_Filibusterismohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=El_Filibusterismohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Propaganda_Movementhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Propaganda_Movementhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Lorenzo_P._Marquez&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Lorenzo_P._Marquez&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Lorenzo_P._Marquez&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Lorenzo_P._Marquez&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Filipino_peoplehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Filipino_peoplehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Filipino_peoplehttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Wenceslao_Retanahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Wenceslao_Retanahttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=La_Epoca&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Henry_Kippinghttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Marcelo_H._del_Pilarhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=El_Filibusterismohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=El_Filibusterismohttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Propaganda_Movementhttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Lorenzo_P._Marquez&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Lorenzo_P._Marquez&action=edithttp://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.php?title=Filipino_people

8/6/2019 Rizal Around d World

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Filipino patriots found this project amusing, thus, promoted the said project. However, there

were a number who objected it, one of which was Rizal's brother-in-law, Hidalgo. Twice did

Rizal wrote a letter addressed to Governor GeneralEulogio Despujol informing his Borneocolonization project, with whom he received no response. Instead, Despujol commanded the

Spanish consul-general in Hongkong to notify Rizal that such project was very unpatriotic, and

by immigrating Filipinos to Borneo, the Philippines will surely be lacking of laborers.

Despite the many oppositions from friends and relatives, he decided to return to Manila on thefollowing reasons:

1. to discuss with Governor General Despujol his Borneo colonization project;

2. to form theLa Liga Filipina in the Philippines; and

3. to prove that Eduardo de Lete's allegations on him and his family in Calamba werewrong.

Before his departure, he wrote three more letters the first addressed to his parents and friends;

the second one, to the Filipinos; and the last to Governor GeneralEulogio Despujol. Instead ofhaving the protection he desired, Rizal and his sister, Lucia, fell into the Spanish trap a case

was secretly filed against Rizal, and Despujol ordered his secretary, Luis de la Torre, to verify

whether the patriot had naturalized himself as German citizen or not. And so the siblings sailed

across the China Sea without prior knowledge of what awaits them in the Philippines.

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