rizal - early education

8/3/2019 Rizal - Early Education

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Influence of RizalsFormal Education

Early Education in Calamba and Binan


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In Calamba

typical schooling that a son of an ilustradofamily receivedtutored by:- Maestro Celestino- Maestro Lucas Padua- Maestro Leon Monroy


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In BinanJune 1869: left Calamba for Binanaccompanied by Paciano, who acted as second father he did not like the town: "large and rich, ugly and dismal"Justiniano Aquino Cruz: "a tall thin man with a long neck and

sharp nose and a body bent slightly forward."Barbarous method of instruction:I do not want to waste time recounting the beatings I receivedBest student in school:I usually won the class contests; nobody could defeat me; but in

spite of the reputation I had of being a good boy, the day wasunusual when I was not laid out on a bench and given five or sixblows.frequent encounter with bullies, esp. Pedro, teacher's son, and

Andres SalandananHe was ever to be under the compulsion of proving his physicalstrength and courage; insecurity about height


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In Binan

painting lessons with old painter JuanchoErrands for aunt: "something I never did athome and would never have done!Leandro, his aunt's grandsonDec 17, 1870: left Binan on board thesteamer Talim, his first real steamer voyage

by himself


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Two Influential Events

Jan 20, 1872: Cavite mutinyFeb 17, 1872: martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za

Effect on PacianoEffect on Rizal

- letter to Mariano Ponce, 17 yrs later

- dedicated El Fili to the three priestsInjustice to Dona Teodora


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R izal in Ateneo


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Rizal enters the Ateneo

Three secondary schools in Manila1. San Jose Seminary2. College of San Juan de Letran3. Ateneo Municipal

- June 10, 1872 - Rizal sent to Manila to take the entrance exam


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Rizal enters the Ateneo

Father Magin Ferrando, the college registrar refused to admit him

- he was late for registration- he was sickly and undersized

Manuel Xeres Burgos, nephew of Fr. Burgos

Jose enrolled under the surname Rizal


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Jesuit System of Education

Jesuit curriculum (BA) was tougher than the presentequivalent for HS and collegeChristian doctrine, Spanish, Latin, Greek and French,

world geography and history, history of Spain and thePhils., mathematics and the sciences (arithmetic,algebra, geometry, trigonometry, mineralogy,chemistry, physics, botany, zoology)Classic disciplines of poetry, rhetoric, and philosophytrained character - discipline and religionvocational courses in agriculture, commerce,mechanics and surveying


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Jesuit System of Education

Two groups1. Roman Empire - internos

2. Carthaginian Empire - externosStudent ranks:- Emperor - Tribune- Decurion- Centurion- Standard-bearer


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2nd Year (1873-74)

moved to another boarding house run by a widow,Dona Pepay in IntramurosGot the gold medalWhen back in Laguna, he always rushed to hismother Foresaw his mother's releasePsychic abilities?

- Later in UST: dreamt about taking an exam

- Very early on, he had this consciousness of deathand believed he would not reach the age of 30- Hong Kong (1892): left two sealed letters with a

Portuguese friend, to be opened after his deathCon sci ou s her o, k new his place i n hist o ry


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3rd year (1874-75)

Mother was released from prisonmoved again to another boarding house whoselandlord was 'very strict' but after two months and a

half, a room was vacated and the widow'sgrandsons seem to have been great distractionshe did not make an excellent showing in his studiesgot only one medal, in Latin

I was almost thirteen years old, and I had yet togain a reputation for brilliance among myclassmates.


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4th Year (1875-76)

Became an interno: "It was about time""My room was about two yards square. I had an iron cot,on which my bedclothes were placed , a small table with abasin which a servant was supposed to keep filled with

water, a chair, and a clothes rack. I was forgetting tomention that the small table had a drawer containingsoap, comb, hairbrush, toothbrush, toothpowder, etc. Ikept the little money I had - about P8 - under my pillow"Methodical, observant, careful and frugal

Mentor: Fr. Francisco Paula de Sanchez inspired him tostudy harder and write poetry, a "model of uprightness,earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils"Got five medals


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L ast Year (1876-77)

Graduated with highest honors - SobresalienteThere were only 12 students, 9 of which got thesobresaliente distinctionMarch 23, 1877: graduated and was conferred the degreeof Bachelor of ArtsEve before graduation, he was depressed at the thoughtof leaving Ateneo.tears paid in token of farewell to the times gone by, to acontentment that would not return, to a tranquility of spiritthat was slipping out of my grasp.Prayed in the chapel and commended his life to the Virginthat she might protect me when I set foot in that worldwhich inspired me with such dread.


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Extra-curricular Activities

active member, later secretary of religious group,Marian Congregationmember of the Academy of Spanish Literature and

Academy of Natural Sciences

cultivated literary talent under the guidance of Fr.Francisco Paula de Sanchez- M i Primera I n spiraci on , 1st poem written in Ateneo- Did not write any poem in 1874 because his mother

was in prison

- After 1874, he wrote thirteen poems including Un Rec uerd o A M i P u ebl o , in honor of CalambaWrote on various topics: religion, education,childhood memories and war Wrote a drama, St Eustachius, Martyr


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Extra-curricular Activities

Fine arts - he studied painting under the famousSpanish painter Agustin Saez, and sculptureunder Romualdo de Jesus

(1) carved image of Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling with his pocket knife, and(2) carved image of the Sacred Heart of JesusGymnastics and fencing


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Interest in Reading


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Interest in Reading

Dr. Feodor Jagor's Travels in the Philippines1. defects of Spanish colonization2. prophecy, Spain would lose Philippines and

Americans would take over


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Influence of Jesuits on Rizal

Subjected to one of the worlds most thorough andgripping systems of indoctrination, under tight andconstant discipline, with every incentive of competition and reward

Spirit of classical humanities (arts of human culture)and the method of combined memory andunderstanding

Above all, Jesuit education pursued one aim: for thegreater glory of God i.e. to make steadfast Catholics

- Classes began and ended with prayers- School life centered on the chapel- Extra-curricular activities: religious confraternities

Student journal is loud with invocations to the Deity


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Two Traits

SensitivenessSelf assertiveness

= took on a racial tingeWorked on proving not mere equalityRace consciousness > literature


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Intimate Alliance between Religionand Good Education

Alike the climbing ivyThat winds its wayUp the towering elm,Their enchantment being the meadow green,

And both are embellishedWhile together they grow;And if the compassionate elm should fail,The ivy without its joyWould see itself with sadness die;Such is the alliance closeBetween R eligion and EducationBecause of her Education attains renown;And woe to him who blind rejectsThe teachings wise of R eligion Divine,From its pure stream wickedly flees.


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If from the splendid vineA branch proudly grows,And its bunches sweet offers us,In the meantime that the benevolent plantTo the vine shoot generous nourishment gives:Such currents crystallineOf heavenly virtue give new lifeTo Education fulfilled,With her lights refulgent guiding her;For the sweet odor it exhales,And favors us with its savory fruits.


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Without R eligion man's EducationIs like a ship struck by the windThat loses its rudder in horrible fightAt the noisy impulse and shakingOf the stormy, terrible BreasWho fiercely combats herUntil submerging her with prideIn the depth of the angry sea.


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If from the sky the dewInvigorates and nurtures the mead,And due to it, in beautiful spring,The flowers will bloom to embroider the ground;So is Education fertilizedBy kind R eligion with her principlesThat merrily she may walk toward the goodWith generous stepAnd giving virtue's luxuriant flowersTheir fragrance spread everywhere.


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Through Education our MotherlandReceives Light

The vital breath of prudent EducationInstills a virtue of enchanting power;She lifts the motherland to highest stationAnd endless dazzling glories on her shower.And as the zephyr's gentle exhalationR evives the matrix of the fragrant flower,So education multiplies her gifts of grace;With prudent hand imparts them to the human race.

For her a mortal-man will gladly partWith all he has; will give his calm repose;For her are born all science and all art,That brows of men with laurel fair enclose.As from the towering mountain's lofty heartThe purest current of the streamlet flows,So education without stint or measure givesSecurity and peace to lands in which she lives.


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Where Education reigns on lofty seatYouth blossoms forth with vigor and agility;He error subjugates with solid feet,And is exalted by conceptions of nobility.She breaks the neck of vice and its deceit;Black crime turns pale at Her hostility;The barbarous nations She knows how to tame,From savages creates heroic fame.

And as the spring doth sustenance bestowOn all the plants, on bushes in the mead,Its placid plenty goes to overflowAnd endlessly with lavish love to feed

The banks by which it wanders, gliding slow,Supplying beauteous nature's every need;So he who prudent Education doth procureThe towering heights of honor will secure.


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From out his lips the water, crystal pure,Of perfect virtue shall not cease to go.With careful doctrines of his faith made sure,The powers of evil he will overthrow,Like foaming waves that never long endure,But perish on the shore at every blow;And from his good example other men shall learnTheir upward steps toward the heavenly paths to turn.

Within the breast of wretched humankindShe lights the living flame of goodness bright;

The hands of fiercest criminal doth bind;And in those breasts will surely pour delightWhich seek her mystic benefits to find,Those souls She sets aflame with love of right.It is a noble fully-rounded EducationThat gives to life its surest consolation.


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And as the mighty rock aloft may towerAbove the center of the stormy deepIn scorn of storm, or fierce Southwester's power,Or fury of the waves that raging seep,Until, their first mad hatred spent, they cower,And, tired at last, subside and fall asleep, --So he that takes wise Education by the hand,Invincible shall guide the reigns of motherland.

On sapphires shall his service be engraved,A thousand honors to him by his land be granted:For in their bosoms will his noble sons have savedLuxuriant flowers his virtue had transplanted:And by the love of goodness ever laved,The lords and governors will see implantedTo endless days, the Christian Education,Within their noble, faith-enrapture nation.


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And as in early morning we beholdThe ruby sun pour forth resplendent rays;And lovely dawn her scarlet and her gold,Her brilliant colors all about her sprays;So skillful noble Teaching doth unfoldTo living minds the joy of virtuous ways.She offers our dear motherland the lightThat leads us to immortal glory's height.


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R izal in the University of Santo Tomas


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M edical Studies at UST (1877-82)

mother's oppositionMy mother said that I knew enough already, and that I should not go back to Manila. Did my mother perhaps have a foreboding of what was to happen to me?

J R izal to Blumentritt, 8th Nov 1888I still remember when I was 16, my mother told my father: "Don t send him to Manila any longer; he knows enough; if he gets to know any more, they will cut off his head" My father did not reply, but my brother took me to Manila despite my mother's tears.


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April 1877Philosophy and Letters(1) his father liked it and(2) still uncertain as to whatcareer to pursue1878-79: Medical course, Fr.R amon R ector of the Ateneoto cure his mother's growingblindness


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He was far below his usual academic standard"I am among corpses and human bones and I used tobe so squeamish!"versatility than true bentFinishes Surveying Course in Ateneo (1878)continued his ties with AteneoUnhappy in UST

- hostility of Dominican professors- discrimination against Filipino students- methods of instruction obsolete and repressive


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Literary Works

1879: A La Juventud Filipina (To The Filipino Youth)

Hold high the brow serene,O youth, where now you stand.

Let the bright sheenOf your grace be seen,Fair hope of my fatherland!

Come now, thou genius grand,

And bring down inspiration;With thy mighty hand,Swifter than the winds volation,R aise the eager mind to higher station.


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To the Filipino Youth

Come down with pleasing lightOf art and science to the flight,O youth, and there untie

The chains that heavy life,Your spirit free to bright.

See how in flaming zoneAmid the shadows throneThe Spaniard s holy handA crown s resplendent bandProffers to this Indian land.


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Thou, who now wouldst riseOn wings of rich emprise,Seek from Olympian skiesSongs of sweetest strain,Softer than ambrosial rain.

Thou, whose voice divineR ivals Philomel s refrainAnd with varied lineThrough the night benignFrees mortality from pain.


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Thou, who by sharp strifeWakest thy mind to life;And the memory brightOf thy genius s lightMakest immortal in its strength.

And thou, in accents clearOf Phoebus, to Apollos dear;Or by the brush s magic artTakest from nature s store a partTo fix it on the simple canvas length.


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To the Filipino YouthG o forth, and then the sacred fireOf thy genius to the laurel may aspire;To spread around the flame,And in victory acclaim,Through wider spheres the human name.

Day, O happy day,Fair Filipinas, for thy land!So bless the Power todayThat places in thy wayThis favor and this fortune grand.


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message: beseeched the Filipino youth to rise fromlethargy, to let their geniuses fly swifter than the windand descend with art and science to break the chains

that have long bound the spirit of the peopleClassic for two reasons:(1) first great poem recognized by Spanish literaryauthorities

(2) expressed the nationalistic concept that theFilipinos (not foreigners) were the "fair hope of theFatherland"


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Literary Works

1880 - E l C onsejo de los Dioses (The Council of theG ods)

- allegorical drama (characters, objects symbolizemoral/religious principles)

- based on the G reek classics, it established a parallelamong Homer, Virgil and CervantesObjection from Spanish communityOther Literary Works

(1) Zarzuela: Junto A

l Pasig (Beside the Pasig)(2) Sonnet: A Filipinas (3) Poems: A bd - el - Az is y Mahoma, A l MRP Pablo Ramon


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Trips

May 1881: R izal's first visit to Pakil and Pagsanjan- Pakil: pilgrimage to the famous shrine of the Birhen

Maria delos Dolores- fascinated by the turumba , the people dancing in the

streets during the procession- infatuated with Vicenta Ybardolaza, she played the

harp at the R egalado home

- side-trip to the town of Leonor Valenzuela; PagsanjanFalls

rizal - early education

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