rkl{sf ] k|of ]u / jftfj/0flo ;/;kmfo

1

rkL{sf] k|of]u / jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO

lˆnk rf6{ – ^

;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ?kn] lk5l8Psf ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/]/ ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgL;DaGwL Jojxfl/s 1fg lbg] p2]Zon] tof/ ul/Psf] lˆnk rf6{

2

lˆnk rf6{sf] ?kdf tof/ ul/Psf] of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|L jf6/P8 g]kfn (WaterAid in Nepal) gfds cGt/f{li6«o u}x«;/sf/L ;+:yfn] tof/ u/]sf]

xf] . k|:t't lzIf0f ;fdfu|Ldf ;d]l6Psf ljifosf] n]vg z}nLnfO{ cema9L Jojxfl/s agfpg jf6/P8 g]kfnsf lgDg ;xsdL{ ;+:yfx?sf] ljz]if

of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . tL x'g\ M

– g]kfn :jf:Yosf] nflu kfgL (Nepal Water for Health - NEWAH)

– n'dlGt M cfjf;sf] nflu ;xof]u ;d"x (Lumanti - Support Group for Shelter)

– jftfj/0f tyf hg:jf:Yo ;+:yf (Environment and Public Health Organization - ENPHO)

– PsLs[t zx/L ljsf; s]Gb| (Center for Integrated Urban Development - CIUD)

– zx/L jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg ;dfh (Urban Environment Management Society - UEMS)

-s_ n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] ju{n] klg a'‰g ;Sg]

-v_ ljz]ifu/L zx/L If]q / cf;kf;sf cJojl:yt a:tLdf /x]sf ljkGg ;d'bfon] ;d]t Jojxf/df nfu" ug{ ;Sg]

-u_ g]kfnsf] k|fo ;a}h;f] 7fpFsf ;d'bfosf] nflu :jLsfo{ x'g]

-3_ ;xhstf{sf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] .

of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|Ldf pNn]v ul/Psf ljj/0f, JofVof, lrq c? s;}n] klg cGoq k|of]u ug'{k/]df jf6/P8 g]kfn sf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{5 .

xfd|f] egfO

jf6/P8 g]kfns'k08f]n, nlntk'/kf]i6 afs; g+= @)@!$, sf7df8f+}, g]kfn6]lnkmf]g M %%%@&^$, %%%@&^%, %)!!^@%km\ofS; M %%$&$@)Od]n : [email protected]

www.wateraid.org/nepal

Jff6/P8 ;'/lIft vfg]kfgL, :jf:Yo lzIff / ;/;kmfOsf If]qdf ;'wf/ u/L ljZjsf clt ljkGg ju{sf] hLjg ?kfGt/0f ug{ sfo{/t 5 . o; k|of;nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg lg0ff{osx?sf] Wofgfsif{0fsf nflu xfdL ;fem]bf/ ;+:yfx?l;t ldn]/ sfd u5f}{+ .

k|:t't lzIf0f ;fdfu|L tof/ ubf{ ljz]ifu/L lgDg kIfnfO{ Wofg lbOPsf] 5 M

3

;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgL ;DaGwL Jojxfl/s 1fg lbg] p2]Zon] of] lˆnk rf6{ tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . k|:t't ljifonfO{ lgDg adf]lhd ljleGg (

zLif{sx?df ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 / tL x/]s zLif{snfO{ 5'§f–5'§} lˆnk rf6{df JofVof ul/Psf] 5 M

!= kfgL / ;/;kmfO @= JolQmut ;/;kmfO #= /h:jnf / ;/;kmfO

$= 3/fo;L ;/;kmfO %= jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO ^= rkL{sf] k|of]u / jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO

&= ;/;kmfO / kmf]x/ d}nfsf] lj;h{g *= kmf]x/ kfgLaf6 x'g] /f]ux? -s_ (= kmf]x/ kfgLaf6 x'g] /f]ux? -v_

pk/f]Qm zLif{ssf] jf/]df !÷! j6f lˆnk rf6{ 5'§f–5'§} tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|L tL ( j6f lˆNk rf6{x?sf] ;dli6ut

;]6 xf] . lˆnk rf6{sf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ul/Psf] o; lzIf0f ;fdfu|Ldf pQm ljifosf] jf/]df lrqåf/f JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .

of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|L ;fdflhs / cfly{s ?kn] lk5l8Psf ;d'bfonfO{ nlIft u/]/ tof/ ul/Psf] 5 oBlk o;sf] k|of]uaf6 cGo hg;d'bfox? klg

nfefjlGgt x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

nlIft ;d'bfonfO{ ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgLsf] jf/]df Jojxfl/s 1fg lbgsf] nflu kl/rofTds tflnd cfof]hgf ul/G5 / pQm tflndsf] gfd ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgL ;DaGwL Jojxfl/s 1fg lbg] tflnd x'g]5 .

tflnddf nlIft ;d'bfosf 3/kl/jf/af6 3/d"nL, cGo cleefjs, dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ckf+utf ePsf JolQmx? / ;dfhsf cu'jfx? ;xefuL x'g]5g\ / tflnd ;+rfngsf] nflu :yfgLo :t/sf :jf:Yo :jo+;]js, :jo+;]ljsfx? ;xhstf{ x'g]5g\ .

lzIf0f ;fdfu|Lsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro

4

;dli6ut ?kdf o; tflndaf6 lgDglnlvt p2]Zox? xfFl;n ug{ ;lsg]5 eGg] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 M

-s_ ;xefuLx?n] ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgLsf] jf/]df cfwf/e"t 1fg k|fKt ug]{5g\ .

-v_ nlIft ;d'bfosf x/]s 3/ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?df ;/;kmfO / :jR5 kfgL ;DaGwL afgL Jojxf/df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g cfpg]5 .

;xefuLx?n] tflnddf l;s]sf s'/fx?nfO{ Jojxf/df nfu" ug]{5g\ h;sf] kmn:j?k nlIft ;d'bfodf b"lift kfgLsf] k|of]u / kmf]x/ d}nfsf]

sf/0faf6 x'g] /f]ux? nfUg] b/df sdL cfpg]5 / tL /f]uaf6 x'g] d[To' b/df sdL cfpg]5 .

of] tflnddf k|foMh;f] ;xeflutfd"ns lzIf0f ljlwx? g} k|of]u ul/G5 / k|To]s zLif{ssf] nflu ! 306feGbf s]xLa9L ;do nfUg]5 . To;}

n] x/]s lbg #÷# j6f zLif{ssf] jf/]df tflnd ug]{u/L tflnd ;~rfng tflnsf tof/ ug'{kg]{5 .

of] lzIf0f ;fdfu|L n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] ;d"xnfO{ nlIft u/]/ tof/ ul/Psf] x'Fbf ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'sf] jf/]df lrqx?sf] dfWodaf6 hfgsf/L

lbg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . cufl8sf] kfgfdf lrqx? lbOPsf] 5eg] k5fl8sf] kfgfdf pQm ljifojf/] 5f]6s/Ldf j0f{g ul/Psf]5 . k5fl8sf]

kfgfdf n]lvPsf] ;f] ljj/0f ;xhstf{n] k9\b} cufl8sf] kfgfdf lbOPsf lrqx?n] ;+s]t u/]s]f s'/f :ki6 x'g]u/L atfpg' k5{ .

lzIf0f ;fdfu|Lsf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro

5

vfg]s'/f / rkL{sf] ;DaGw

lb;fnfO{ lsg ;'/lIft 7fpFdf lj;h{g ug{'k5{ <

lb;faf6 s;/L /f]u ;5{ <

lb;fdf x'g] sL6f0f'x?sf] ;+qmd0faf6 aRg] pkfox¿

rkL{ lsg h?/L x'G5 <

rng–rNtLdf cfPsf s]xL rkL{x?sf] ;+lIfKt lrgf/L

– ;fwf/0f vfN6] rkL{

– ;'wfl/Psf] vfN6] rkL{

– ;'ne zf}rfno

– Osf];fg jf dn rkL{

– uf]a/ UofF; ;lxtsf] rkL{

– Kofg jfnf Ps vfN6] rkL{

– Kofg jfnf b'O{ vfN6] rkL{

rkL{ agfpFbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?

o; lˆnk rf6{df ;d]l6Psf ljifoj:t'x?

6

xfdL :j:y /xgsf] nflu vfg]s'/f / vfg]7fpF ;'/lIft x'g'k5{ .

xfdL lbgx'F vfgf vfG5f}+ / xfdLn] vfPsf] vfgf k]6df uP/ kR5 . To;kl5 sfd gnfUg] a:t'sf] ?kdf xfd|f] k]6df lb;f /x]s]f x'G5 / To;nfO{ ˆofFSg} k5{ .

Tof] sfd gnfUg] j:t' ˆofFSg] 7fpF klg ;'/lIft x'g'k5{ / Tof] ;'/lIft 7fpF eg]sf] rkL{ g} xf] . rkL{nfO{ zf}rfno klg elgG5 .

vfg]s'/f vfO;s]kl5 sfd gnfUg] clGtd a:t' eg]s]f lb;f xf] eg] ToxL lb;faf6 vfg]s'/f b"lift x'G5, b"lift vfg]s'/f vfPdf xfdL

lj/fdL x'G5f}+ .

To;}n] x/]s 3/df rkL{ agfpg' k5{ / ;a}n] rkL{df g} lb;f ug'{k5{ . xfdLnfO{ ;w+} rkL{df g} lb;f ug{sf] nflu ljBfno, sfof{no jf cGo

;fj{hlgs 7fpFx?df klg rkL{sf] h?/L x'G5 .

vfg]s'/f / rkL{sf] ;DaGw

7

vfg]s'/f / rkL{sf] ;DaGwdf

8

lb;f cToGt} l3g nfUbf] uGxfpg] j:t' xf] / ;s];Dd sf]xL klg lb;fsf] ;Dks{df cfpg rfxFb}gg\ .

lb;fdf cfFvfn] b]Vg g;lsg] ljleGg /f]usf sL6f0f'x? x'G5g\ / tL sL6f0f'x? s'g} dfWodaf6 xfd|f] z/L/leq k|j]z u/]df xfdLnfO{

/f]u nfU5 .

o;sf] d"Vo sf/0fx? xfd|} x]nrqm\ofO{+, c;fjwfgL / c1fgtf g} xf] . lsgeg] xfdLn] s'g} g s'g} dfWodaf6 lb;fdf ePsf /f]usf

sL6f0f'x? vfG5f}+ .

To;}n] lb;fnfO{ ;a}n] ;w+} ;'/lIft 7fpFdf lj;h{g ug'{k5{ / lb;f lj;h{g ug]{ ;'/lIft 7fpF egs]f rkL{sf] g} xf] .


ofb ug'{xf];\ M

;w+} rkL{df g} lb;f–lk;fa ug]{ JolQmx? ;dfhsf] nflu ;a}eGbf a9L ;xof]uL JolQmx? x'G5g\ .

lsgeg] rkL{df lb;f–lk;fa ubf{ lb;fdf /x]sf] sL6f0f'x? jftfj/0fdf km}lng kfpFb}gg\ / cfkm+}nfO{ jf c? dflg;x?nfO{ /f]u nfUgaf6 arfpg ;lsG5 .

To;}n], h'g 3/df rkL{ 5 To; 3/kl/jf/sf] ;fdflhs k|lti7f / OHht a9]s]f x'G5 .

9


10

xfd|f] lb;fdf ljleGg /f]usf sL6f0f'x? /x]sf x'G5g\ . olb xfdLn] v'nf 7fpFdf lb;f u¥of}+eg] lb;fdf /x]sf /f]usf sL6f0f'x? ljleGg

dfWodaf6 xfdLn] vfG5f} / xfdLnfO{ /f]u nfU5 .

v'nf 7fpFdf lb;f ubf{ lb;fdf /x]sf /f]usf sL6f0f'x? w'nf]–df6f]df ldl;G5g\ / jftfj/0fdf hxfFtxL km}lnG5g\ . /f]usf sL6f0f'x? kmf]x/ d}nfdf w]/} ;do;Dd afFRg ;S5g\ / lemËfx? kmf]x/ d}nf / lb;fdf g} a:g ?rfpF5g\ .

kmf]x/ d}nf, lb;fdf a;]sf lemËfsf] z/L/df /f]usf sL6f0f'x? 6fFl;Psf x'G5g\ . tL lemËfx? cfP/ xfd|f] vfg]s'/fdf a:5g\ / To;}j]nf

/f]usf sL6f0f'x? vfg]s'/fdf ldl;G5g\ . xfdLn] Tof] vfgf vfG5f+} / xfdLnfO{ /f]u nfU5 .

lb;f w'Fbf, aRrfnfO{ lb;f wf]O{lbFbf, v]taf/Ldf sfdubf{, kmf]x/ d}nfsf] sfdubf{ xfd|f] xftdf /f]usf sL6f0f'x? 6fFl;P/ /x]sf x'G5g\ .

To;}n] xft gwf]Osg vfgf vfPdf tL sL6f0f'x? xfd|f] k]6df hfG5g\ / xfdLnfO{ /f]u nfU5 .

t/sf/L, kmnkm"ndf klg /f]usf sL6f0f'x? 6fF;LPsf x'G5g\ / sfFr} vfg] d'nf, ufh/, kmnkm"n /fd|/L gkvfn]/ vfPdf klg To;df /x]sf

sL6f0f'x? klg vfOG5 / xfdLnfO{ /f]u nfU5 .

lb;faf6 s;/L /f]u ;5{ <

11

lb;faf6 s;/L /f]u ;5{

12

lb;fdf x'g] /f]usf sL6f0f'x?af6 ;'/lIft x'g] oL pkfox? 5g\ / tL ;a} pkfox? ;lhn};Fu ckgfpg ;lsG5 M

lb;f ug{sf] nflu ;w+} rkL{sf] k|of]u ug'k5{ cyf{t rkL{df dfq lb;f ug]{ afgL a;fNg' k5{ / rkL{df hfFbf ;w+} g} h'Qf of rKkn nufpg' k5{ .

xftdf /f]usf sL6f0f'x? 6fFl;Psf x'G5g\, xft gwf]Osg vfgf vfPdf tL sL6f0f'x? k]6df hfG5g\ / xfdLnfO{ /f]u nfU5 . To;}n] oL cj:yfx?df ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] ug'{k5{ M

– lb;f ul/;s]kl5

– vfgf vfg'eGbf cl3 / vfgf vfO;s]kl5, aRrfnfO{ vfgf v'jfpg'eGbf cl3 / kl5

– dflg;sf] lb;f jf j:t'efpsf] dn–d"q ldl;Psf] 7fpFdf sfd u/]kl5

– aRrfsf] lb;f ;kmf u/]kl5

– vfg]s'/f tof/ ug'{eGbf cl3

lb;fdf x'g] sL6f0f'x?sf] ;+qmd0faf6 aRg] pkfox¿

ofb ug'{xf];\ M

;fa'g kfgLn] xft wf]Pdf xftdf 6fFl;Psf sL6f0f'x? lgis[o x'G5g\ jf gi6 x'G5g\ / kvflnG5g\ .

rkL{df dfq lb;f ug]{ afgL u/]df lb;fdf x'g] /f]usf sL6f0f'x? jftfj/0fdf km}lng kfpFb}gg\ .

rkL{nfO{ ;kmf ;'U3/ /fVg'k5{ h;n] ubf{ rkL{df uGw cfpFb}g, lemFuf elG+sb}g / rkL{df lb;f a:g dg nfU5 .

13

lb;fdf x'g] sL6f0f'x?sf] ;+qmd0faf6 aRg] pkfox?

14

w]/} sf/0fx?n] ubf{ xfdLnfO{ rkL{sf] h?/L x'G5, h:t} M

-!_ vt/gfs hLj–hGt'af6 ar]/ lb;f ug{

t/fO{df emf8Llt/ lb;f ug{ hfFbf ;k{n] 6f]Sg ;S5 .

kxf8df af3, efn', h'uf nfUg ;S5 .

-@_ kfgL, x'/L–atf; cfPsf] a]nfdf lb;f–lk;fa ug{

KffgL] k/]sf] a]nfdf v'nf 7fpFdf lb;f lk;fa ubf{ 5ftf, 3'd -:ofv'_ cf]8\g' kg]{ emGem6 x'G5 .

x'/L atf;nfO{ 5ftfn] klg /f]Sg ;Sb}g .

-#_ aRrf, a'9f–a'9L / lj/fdLsf] nflu

aRrf, a'9f–a'9L / lj/fdL w]/} 6f9f lb;f ug{ hfg ;Sb}gg\ .


15


16

-$_ jftfj/0f ;kmf, :jR5 /fVg / b'u{Gw x6fpg

Aff6f]–3f6f]df lb;f–lk;fa ePdf lx+8\bf l3g nfU5, af6f] g} kmf]x/ x'G5 / b'u{Gw cfpF5 .

-%_ 3/–cfFug ;kmf /fv]/ sfd–wGbf ug{

3/–cfFug, rf]sdf cGgx? lgkmGg], r'6\g] sfd ul/G5 .

3/–cfFugdf aRrfn] lb;f u/]df lb;fdf ePsf /f]usf ls6f0f'x? cGgdf ldl;G5g\, ToxL cGg xfdL vfG5f}+ / xfdLnfO{ /f]u nfU5 .

3/–cfFug kmf]x/ x'G5, x]bf{ klg g/fd|f] b]lvG5 / 3/–cfFugdf sfd sfh ug{ c;lhnf] x'G5 .


17


18

-^_ nfh–;/daf6 aRg / uf]Kotfsf] nflu

dlxnf / k'?ifx?nfO{ v'nf 7fpFdf lb;f ubf{ nfh x'G5 .

-&_ lb;faf6 ;g]{ /f]uaf6 x'g] ;Fqmd0fsf] /f]syfd ug{

w]/}h;f] /f]ux? ;g]{ / km}lng] d"Vo ;|f]t lb;f g} xf] .

krf; eGbf a9L k|sf/sf /f]ux? /f]uLsf] lb;faf6 g} ;5{ .

lb;fdf ePsf /f]usf ls6f0f'x? vfg]s'/f, kfgL, df6f], ;fu;AhL, ls/f km6\of+u|f, lemFuf, kz'x? cflbsf] dfWodaf6 lg/f]uL dflg;df ;5{g\ .


19


20

rng–rNtLdf cfPsfs]xL rkL{x?sf] ;+lIfKt lrgf/L

21

rng–rNtLsf s]xL rkL{x?

22

of] rkL{ agfpFbf lb;f–lk;fa ;+sng ug{ Pp6f vf8n agfpg' k5{ . vf8n dfly sf7sf kmNofsx? /flvG5 / ToxL kmNofs dfly a;]/

lb;f–lk;fa ul/G5 .

kmNofssf] aLrdf 7"nf] Kjfn x'G5 / ToxL Kjfnaf6 vf8ndf lb;f–lk;fa hDdf x'G5 .

lb;f ul/;s]kl5 Tof] KjfnnfO{ aGb ug]{ 9Ssgsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ .

vf8n el/Pkl5 To;nfO{ df6f]n] k'/]/ csf]{ 7fpFdf vf8n vg]/ csf]{ rkL{ agfpg ;lsG5 .

of] rkL{ agfpg ufpF 7fpFdf g} kfOg] ;fdfu|L k|of]u u/]/ agfpg ;lsG5 .

of] rkL{ agfpg ;Lkfn' ld:qLsf] h?/t kb}{g, ;a}n] ;lhn};Fu agfpg ;S5g\ .

o; k|sf/sf] rkL{ kfgL ghDg] 7fpFsf] nflu pko'Qm x'G5 . To;}n] kxf8L / lxdfnL 7fpFdf o; k|sf/sf] rkL{ a9L k|rngdf cfPsf] 5 .

!= ;fwf/0f vfN6] rkL{

ofb ug'{xf];\ M

;/;kmfO / jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yosf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;fwf/0f vfN6] rkL{ 7Ls xF'b}g .

23

;fwf/0f vfN6] rkL{

24

vfN6] rkL{df h:t} of] rkL{df klg lb;f hDdfug]{ Pp6f vf8n x'G5 t/ lb;f a:g] 7fpFdf Pp6f Kofg /flvPsf] x'G5 / Tof] Kofgsf] tnlt/

kfgL /xg] 6«ofk hf]8]s]f x'G5 h;n] ubf{ vf8nsf] lb;fdf lemFuf k:g kfpFb}g / lb;fsf] b'u{Gw l;w} rkL{df cfpFb}g .

Kofg;Fu Pp6f kfOk hf]8]sf] x'G5 / Tof] kfOk vf8n;Dd k'u]s]f x'G5 . ToxL kfOk x'Fb} lb;f vf8ndf hfG5 . ;fy} To; kfOksf] sl/a aLraf6 7f8f]u/L Pp6f UofF; kfOk hf]8]s]f x'G5 / ToxL kfOkaf6 vf8ns]f UofF; aflx/ lg:sG5 .

lb;f hDdf ug]{ vf8n el/of] eg] Tof] vf8nnfO{ df6f]n] k'g]{ / csf]{ 7fpFdf vf8n vg]/ To; gofF vf8ndf lb;f hfg]

u/fpg ;lsG5 .

of] rkL{ agfpgsf] nflu lb;f a:g] Kofg, kfgL /xg] 6«ofk, lb;f hfg] kfOk / UofF; lg:sg] kfOk h:tf ;fdu|Lsf] ;fy} tL ;fdfu|L lkml6Ë

ug]{ ld:qLsf] h?/L x'G5 .

;/;kmfOsf] b[li6sf]0fn] ;fwf/0f vfN6] rkL{eGbf of] rkL{ w]/} 7Ls x'G5 lsgeg] of] rkL{af6 b'{uGw cfpFb}g / lb;fdf lemFuf a:g

klg kfpFb}g .

o; k|sf/sf] rkL{ kfgL ghDg] 7fpFsf] nflu pko'Qm x'G5 To;}n] kxf8L / lxdfnL 7fpFdf of] rkL{sf] k|of]u ug]{ rng 5 .

@= ;'wfl/Psf] vfN6] rkL{

25

;'wfl/Psf] vfN6] rkL{

26

z'ne zf}rfno cfw'lgs vfnsf] rkL{ xf] . of] rkL{sf] nflu b'O{j6f vf8n agfOPsf] x'G5 .

klxnf] vf8n el/Pkl5 bf];|f] vf8n k|of]u ul/G5 / bf];|f] vf8n el/Fbf;Dd klxnf] vf8nsf] lb;f dndf kl/0ft eO;s]sf] x'G5 h;nfO{ v]tjf/Ldf

k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

cGo rkL{sf] t'ngfdf of] rkL{ dxFuf] x'G5 / of] rkL{ agfpg l;kfn' ld:qLsf] h?/t x'G5 .

of] rkL{ agfpFbf lb;f a:g] 7fpFdf Pp6f Kofg /x]sf] x'G5 / Kofg;Fu} tnlt/ kfgL /xg] 6«ofk hf]8]s]f x'G5 h;n] ubf{ lb;fsf] b'u{Gw l;w} rkL{df

cfpg kfpFb}g .

:jf:Yo / ;/;kmfOsf] b[li6n] of] rkL{ w]/} g} pkof]uL x'G5 t/ o; k|sf/sf] rkL{ k|of]u ug{ w]/} kfgLsf] h?/L x'G5 .

of] rkL{ 3/leq jf 3/ aflx/ hxfF agfP klg x'G5 / o; k|sf/sf] rkL{ g]kfnsf] h'g;'s} efudf agfpg ;lsG5 .

of] rkL{ cw{zx/L / afSnf] a:tL ePsf 7fpFdf a9L k|of]u u/]s]f kfOG5 .

#= ;'ne zf}rfno

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;'ne zf}rfno

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of] rkL{ lb;f / lk;fa 5'§f–5'§} ;Íng ug]{ tl/sfn] agfOPsf] x'G5 / o; k|sf/sf] rkL{df kfgLsf] sd k|of]u ul/G5 .

z'ne zf}rfnodf h:t} o; k|sf/sf] rkL{af6 hDdf ePsf] lb;f dndf kl/0ft x'G5 / kl5 v]tjf/Ldf dnsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

of] rkL{af6 lk;fa 5'§} ;+sng ul/g] ePsf]n] ;f] lk;fa af]6–lj?jfdf /fVg ;lsG5 lsgeg] dflg;sf] lk;fadf la?jfnfO{ rflxg] vlgh tTj k|z:t dfqfdf kfOG5 .

cf};tdf Pshgf dflg;sf] ! jif{;Dd ;Íng u/]sf] lk;fan ;f9] Ps s¶f -sl/a @ /f]kgL_ hldgdf nufOg] v]tLkftLsf] nflu kof{Kt

dn k'U5 .

jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfOsf] b[li6sf]0fn] of] rkL{ w]/} g} pko'Qm x'G5 .

$= Osf];fg jf dn rkL{

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Osf];fg jf dn rkL{

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of] rkL{ dflg;sf] lb;f–lk;fa / j:t'efpsf] dn–d"q Ps} 7fpFdf ;+sng ug]{ tl/sfn] agfOPsf] x'G5 .

o; k|sf/sf] rkL{af6 ;+sng ePsf] lb;f–lk;fa / dn–d"qaf6 UofF; lgsflnG5 .

o;df uf]a/ UofF; lgsfNg] k|ljlwsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] x'G5 .

of] UofF; vfgf ksfpg / aQL afNgsf] nflu k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

o; k|sf/sf] rkL{sf] k|of]uaf6 vfgf ksfpg] OGwgsf] ;d]t art x'G5 eg] cGtdf lg:s]s]f dn v]tLaf/Ldf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

%= uf]a/ UofF; ;lxtsf] rkL{

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uf]j/ UofF; ;lxtsf] rkL{

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of] rkL{ agfpFbf lb;f–lk;fa ;+sng ug{ Pp6f vf8n agfpg' k5{ .

vf8n dfly lb;f–lk;fa ug{sf] nflu ;fwf/0f k|sf/sf] Pp6f Kofg /flvPsf] x'G5 / Kofgsf] tnlt/ kfgL /xg] 6«ofk hf]8\g' k5{ .

of] rkL{ sd k};fdf g} agfpg ;lsG5 t/ Kofg / kfgL /xg] 6«ofk /flvg] ePsf]n] ld:qLsf] h?/L x'G5 .

o; k|sf/sf] rkL{ h'g;'s} 7fpFdf klg agfpg ;lsG5 / sd cfo;|f]t ePsf 3/kl/jf/n] klg of] rkL{ agfpg ;S5g\ .

xfd|f] b]zdf of] rkL{ t/fO{df a9L k|rngdf cfPsf] 5 .

^= Kofg jfnf Ps vfN6] rkL{

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Kofg jfnf vfN6] rkL{

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of] rkL{ Kofg jfnf Ps vfN6] rkL{ h:t} xf] t/ o;df b'O{j6f vf8n x'G5 .

of] rkL{df b'O{j6f vf8n x'g] ePsf]n] klxnf] vf8n el/Pkl5 To; vf8n dflysf] :NofanfO{ bf];|f] vf8ndf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 / klxnf]

vf8ndf hDdf ePsf] lb;fnfO{ df6f]n] k'l/G5 .

bf];|f] vf8n el/Fbf;Dd klxnf] vf8nsf] lb;f dndf kl/0ft eO;s]sf] x'G5 / To;nfO{ v]tjf/Ldf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 .

&= Kofg jfnf b'O{ vfN6] rkL{

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Kofg jfnf b'O{ vfN6] rkL{

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b'u{d ufpF–6f]ndf vfN6] rkL{ agfpg] rng 5 t/ o:tf] rkL{sf] Kjfn 5f]Kg] ug{'k5{ . o;f] u/]df rkL{sf] vf8ndf ePsf] lb;fdf lemFuf k:g

kfpFb}gg\ / ToxfFaf6 b'u{Gw klg cfpFb}g .

ljBfnodf agfOg] rkL{ agfpFbf s]6f / s]6Lsf] nflu 5'§f–5'§} rkL{sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g'k5{, lb;f / lk;fasf] nflu cnu–cnu Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g'k5{, rkL{df du, aflN6g, a|;, kfgLsf] ;'ljwf x'g'k5{, afnaflnsfx?sf] pd]/ ;'xfpFbf] rkL{, kfgLsf] wf/f agfpg' k5{ .

rkL{df xfjf l5g]{ ‰ofn /fVg'k5{ eg] 9f]sf nufpg] Joj:yf ePsf] x'g'k5{ . o;f] u/]df ‰ofn ePdf rkL{ leq xfjf hfjt x'G5 / rkL{af6

lg:sg] b'u{Gw xfjfaf6 aflx/ hfG5 / 9f]sf nufpg] ePdf rkL{ leq ;'/lIft eP/ lb;f ug{ ;lsG5 / rkL{leq s's'/ jf cGo hLjhGt'

hfg kfpFb}g .

rkL{df lb;f u/]kl5 rkL{leq jf rkL{ aflx/ glhs} ;fa'g kfgLn] xft w'g] ;'ljwf x'g'k5{ .

rkL{ agfpFbf kfgLsf] ;|f]teGbf slDTfdf %) lkm6 -!% ld6/_ 6f9f x'g'k5{ .

zx/–ahf/df 3/leq cfw'lgs k|sf/sf rkL{ agfpg] rng 5 . t/ 3/leq agfOPsf rkL{x¿ emg a9L ;kmf /fVg'k5{ . o;sf] nflu w]/}

kfgLsf] h?/L x'G5 .

rkL{ agfpFbf ckfËtf ePsf, a'9fa'9L, lj/fdL, s]6fs]6Ln] klg ;lhn};Fu k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] x'g'k5{ .

rkL{ agfpFbf Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?

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rkL{ agfpFbf Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fx?

rkl{sf ] k|of ]u / jftfj/0flo ;/;kmfo

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