rlb rider's digest (phils.) 2013
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RLB|Rider Levett Bucknall
PHILIPPINES 2013
RIDERS
DIGEST
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Instantcost dataon the spot
Rider Levett Bucknallsmartphone app
The fastest way to get the
latest construction cost
information right at your fngertips
www.rlb.com/app
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 i
Riders Digest Philippines 2013
A compilation of cost data and related information onthe Construction Industry in the Philippines.
Compiled byRider Levett Bucknall Philippines
Main Ofce:Building 3, Corazon Clemeña Compound#54 Danny Floro Street, Bagong Ilog,Pasig City,
1600, PhilippinesT: +63 2 687 1075 / 470 0642F: +63 2 5704025E:[email protected], [email protected]
Cebu Ofce:
Suite 602, PDI Condominium, Arch. Bishop Reyes Avenue cor. J.Panis Street,Banilad, Cebu City,6014, PhilippinesT: +63 32 268 0072E:[email protected]
Davao Ofce:Suite 1, Ram-Line Resources Bldg,R. Castillio Street, Agdao District, Davao City,8000, PhilippinesT: +63 082 235 0997
Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines has endeavoured to ensure the accuracyof the information contained herein, and does not warrant its adequacyor completeness and expressly disclaims any liability for any errors in, oromissions from this Digest. Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines shall not beheld liable for any damages; loss; expenses or costs whatsoever or howso-ever arising out of, or in connection with the use of the Digest. The Digest is
provided for general information only and should not be construed as cost,legal, tax, or any other professional advice. Professional advice should besought when utilizing any information in this publication to verify its applica-bility to specic construction requirements and circumstances. This Digestmay not, in any medium, be reproduced, published, altered or otherwiseused in whole or in part in any manner without the prior written consent ofRider Levett Bucknall Philippines.
Cost information in this publication is indicative and for general guidance
only. All prices and rates are as at 4th Quarter 2012 and expressed in Phil-ippine Peso unless otherwise stated. References to legislative provisionsand regulations are as at 31 December 2012. Changes after these datescannot be reected.
Fourth Edition 2013Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines
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ii
Contents
Disclaimer and Contact Information i
Table of Contents ii
Message from
the Chairman and Managing Director vi
Quality Policy Statement 1
Certicate for ISO – 9001:2008 2
Philippine Construction Trends 4 Number of New ConstructionProjects by Type 5
Distribution of New ConstructionProjects by Region 5
Value of Construction
By Type of Building 6
Number and Value of ResidentialConstruction 6
Number and Value of Non-ResidentialConstruction By Type 7
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 iii
Philippine Construction Cost Data 10
Denition of Terminology 11
Building Construction Prices 13
External Works 15
Construction Elements 16
Construction MaterialsWholesale Price Index 21
Summary of Current RegionalDaily Minimum Wages Rates 23
Building Services (as of 4th Quarter 2012) 27
Denition (Building Services) 29
Ofce Fit-Out, Workstations 31
Ofce Refurbishment 32
Hotel Fit-Out 32
Estimating Data 34
Reinforcements Ratios 35
Average ConstructionPayment Drawdown 38
Vertical Transport Services 39
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iv
Contents
International Construction 42
Building Costs 43
Specic DenitionsFor International Construction Cost 51
Construction Market Activity Cycle 52
Sector Data 53
Philippine Construction Information 58
Building for Ecologically ResponsiveDesign Excellence (B.E.R.D.E.) 59
LEED® Green Building Rating System 67
Development DataMeasurement of Building Areas 75
Government System Implemented forPrivate And Public Construction 79
Primer On Application For Exploration Permit (EP) 82
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 v
Professional Services 90
Cost Consultancy 91
Project Management 91
Special Services 92
International Ofces 94
Asia 95
China 97
Middle East 102
Oceania 103
North America 107
Europe 111
Africa 112
Miscellaneous 114
Conversion Factors 115
Calculation Formulae 117
IDD country codes andtime differences 119
Philippine Regular Holidays and Special(Non-Working) Holidays 120
Abridged Business terms 121
Calendar 126
Contact Information 127
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vi
Message from the Chairman and Managing Director
Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines proudly presents to
you the fourth Philippine edition of “Riders Digest” acompilation of cost data and related information on thePhilippine Construction Industry.
Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines is a member of theRider Hunt, Levett & Bailey, and Bucknall Austin Groupnow RIDER LEVETT BUCKNALL (RLB), with afliates in
more than 100 ofces in 80 different countries coveringfour Continents namely OCEANIA which covers all of
Australia and New Zealand, ASIA which covers ThePhilippines, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan,Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand andVietnam, EMEA which covers Europe and Middle East,and NORTH AMERICA which covers Phoenix, Boston,Chicago, Denver, Honolulu, New Jersey, Las Vegas,Los Angeles, Florida, Portland Oregon, San Francisco,Seattle, Washington DC, Canada, and now in South
Africa.
Our group employs over 3,000 people in its ofces
across the world integrating local knowledge andexpertise with access to the global network to providethe best and most up to date service our clients deserve.Our open communication and interaction betweenofces transform to greater experience across everysector of the Construction Industry. The Philippine ofceis now operating in its 24th year having commenced ouroperation in 1989.
We have provided our Quantity Surveying Services andProject/Construction Management on over 710 projectsin The Philippines in Luzon, Visayas and Mindanaofrom Ofce Towers, Residential Condominiums, Hotels,
Residential Estates, Industrial Development Plants, andInstitutional Schools, Ports and Harbours, Roads andBridges, Airports and Airports Buildings, CommercialCentres, Hospitals, BPO, Land Development Works,Energy, Petrochemical and Mining to include overseasprojects within the Pacic Rim including Guam, Saipan,Palau, Hawaii, Australia, Malaysia, Vietnam, and as faras the Middle East, Pakistan and Syria.
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 vii
Our corporate vision is to be the leading global practicein our respective market and deliver sustainable andcompetitive advantage to our clients through the passion
of our people and focused on integrity, professionalism,innovation, team work and client satisfaction. We haveadopted our core values, together with our globalnetwork and in-depth knowledge that made Rider LevettBucknall Philippines unique in providing quality servicesto our client.
Our combined experience and expertise enables usto provide excellent and efcient service in business,protect our integrity and capacity and optimize useof resources and create maximum performance andvalue throughout the life cycle of a project. Rider LevettBucknall Philippines is committed to develop tools andtechniques to help our clients save costs and yet sustainexpected results not only at present but also in the future.
The entire RIDER LEVETT BUCKNALL Group ensuresthat a signicant fund shall be allocated for research anddevelopment programs for our own IT tools and developtraining to maintain quality staff performance within our
group.
Publication of our Riders Digest, International Report onConstruction Market Intelligence from our global networkof ofces will continue to be benecial to our clients byproviding professional input, advisory experts, and valueadded services to our clients. As key resources in theInternational Construction Industry, these will prioritizebenchmarking of construction and services throughoutthe International market.
Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines hopes that you ndthis publication informative and useful, and will aid in the
successful completion of your construction needs.
Corazon Clemeña Ballard
Chairman & Managing Director Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines
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1
QUALITY POLICY STATEMENT
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 2
ISO CERTIFICATE
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Philippine Construction
TrendsNumber of New Construction Projects by Region
Distribution of New Construction Projects by Region
Value of Construction by Type of BuildingNumber and Value of Residential Construction
Number and Value of Non-ResidentialConstruction by Type
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION TRENDS
5
Number of New Construction Projects by TypeFourth Quarter, 2012 and 2011
Distribution of New Construction Projects by RegionFourth Quarter 2012
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 6
Value of Construction by Type of BuildingFourth Quarter, 2012 and 2011
Number and Value of Residential Construction
Fourth Quarter 2012
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION TRENDS
7
Number and Value of Non-Residential Construction
by Type: Fourth Quarter 2012
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Philippine Construction Cost
DataDenition of Terminology
Building Construction Prices
External WorksConstruction Elements
Construction Materials Wholesale Price
Summary of Current Regional Daily
Minimum Wages Rates
Building Services (as of 4th Quarter 2012)
Denition (Building Services)
Ofce Fit-Out, Workstations
Ofce Refurbishment
Hotel Fit-Out
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
11
Denitions of Terminology
Central Business District (CBD)
The Central Business District is within the MetroManila Cities of The Philippines, which consists ofseven planning areas Makati City, Global City-Taguig,Quezon City, Pasig City, Mandaluyong City, San Juanand Manila. It is the prime area of all the commercialand nancial activities in the region and also includes
the developments from the nearby provinces around theperimeter of Metro Manila.
Construction Floor Area (CFA)
CFA is the area of all building enclosed covered spacesmeasured to the outside face of the external wallsincluding covered basement and above ground car parkareas.
Gross Floor Area (GFA)
GFA is the sum of fully enclosed covered areas and theunenclosed covered areas of the building for purposes ofplanning submissions (refer to Page 75: Measurement of
Building Areas – Gross Floor Area for more information).
Net Lettable Area (NLA)
NLA is the total tenancy area designated for rentablepurposes.
Building Works
Building Works include substructure (piling, foundation,and basement), super-structure, architectural works,nishes and ttings, external works, site works,preliminaries, attendance and other builder’s work inconnection with services.
Building servicesBuilding Services include Mechanical services –Heating, air conditioning and mechanical ventilation,re protection system, sanitary and plumbing; Electricalservices – electrical installation, vertical transportation,building management systems. Exclusions; Specialequipment – Chutes, incinerators, compactors,
pneumatic refuse disposal system, façade maintenanceequipment, engineered smoke control systems etc., ITservices – high speed cables etc.
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 12
Ofce Buildings
The ofce within the CBD refers to good quality ofcebuildings located at the Central Business District, for theupper range of the rental market and leading owneroccupiers such as headquarter ofces for nancialinstitutions and major companies.
Ofces outside CBD refer to medium quality ofcebuildings which are built for the middle range of the
rental market.
Hotels
Types of hotels listed are based on ‘ve-star’, ‘four-star’and ‘three-star’ international hotel ratings.
Retail – Shopping Mall
Shopping malls with typical amenities and nishes incommon spaces. Exclusions: Tenant equipment, shopttings and nishes in tenancy spaces.
Industrial Buildings
Quality reects a simplied type of construction suitable
for light or heavy industries, Exclusions: Special andoperating equipment, processing plant and proprietarysystems.
Residential
Ratio of kitchen, laundry and bathroom areas to livingareas and the quality of nishes required will affect the
cost range. Range given is signicantly affected by theheight and conguration of the building. Exclusions:Show apartments. Loose furniture, special light ttings,household electrical appliances, kitchen equipmentand building owners’ special requirements.
Institutions of Higher LearningTertiary educational schools such as universities,polytechnics and other colleges that require full rangeof educational facilities and amenities.
Car Park
Above Grade – minimal external walling excluding
mechanical ventilation.
Basement – diaphragm wall or contiguous bored pileswall with standard mechanical ventilation provisions.
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
13
Development Type
Range of Cost per Construction Floor Area
OFFICE BUILDINGS - Prestige
10 - 25 Storeys
25 - 40 Storeys
40 - 55 Storeys
HOTELS (Including FF&E)
Five (5) Star
Four (4) Star
Three (3) Star
HOTELS; Multi-Storey
Five (5) Star
Four (4) Star
Three (3) Star
INDUSTRIAL
6.00m to U/S Truss; Metal Cladding
6.00m to U/S Truss; PCC Cladding
RESIDENTIAL
1 to 3 Storey Units; 85 - 120 SQM per Unit
Single and Double Storey
Condominiums (Up to 10 Storeys with Lift)Condominiums: 10 to 20 Storeys
Condominiums: 20 to 40 Storeys
Condominiums: 40 to 80 Storeys
CAR PARKING
Basement CBD: 35 SQM per Car
Basement Outside CBD: 35 SQM per Car
Building Construction Prices
All construction prices for The Philippines are indicativeonly and are as at 4th Quarter 2012. Items generallyexcluded from the order of costs are land costs, legaland professional fees, development charges, localauthority fees, nance costs, loose furniture, ttings andworks of art (unless otherwise stated).
Exclusions
* Land Cost * Legal and Professional Fee * Development Charges * Local Authority Fee * Finance Cost * Loose
Furniture, Fittings and Works of Art * Tenancy Work * Site Infrastructure Work * Diversion of Existing Services
* Resident
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Low High
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
32,100 36,200
35,300 39,800
38,900 43,800
Philippine Pesos per Bedroom
1,980,000 2,280,000
1,490,000 1,720,000
990,000 1,140,000
Philippine Pesos per Bedroom3,310,000 3,830,000
2,950,000 3,410,000
2,670,000 3,030,000
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
17,200 19,800
17,600 20,300
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
31,700 36,500
27,800 32,000
26,900 31,00032,100 35,400
33,300 37,600
34,500 39,700
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
555,800 639,200
463,200 534,400
Partitions in ofce building and shop t-out in retailspaces, private telephone systems, site infrastructurework, diversion of existing services, resident site staffcost, models and prototypes, future cost escalation andGoods & Services Tax. All prices stated below include ageneral allowance for foundation and external works.
Site Staff Cost * Models and Prototypes * Future Cost Escalation * Goods and Services
Note: As Foreign Currency exchange rates uctuate in a daily basis we have not converted the Philippine Peso
rate to foreign currencies.
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
15
External Works
Description Low High
LANDSCAPING
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
Dense, Shrubs, Topsoil and Grassing 5,610 6,460
Grassing, Large Areas, Topsoil, Sowing, Treating 3,740 4,310
Price per Hectare (in Millions of Pesos)
Light, Large Areas, Minimal Planting 11.674 13.426
CAR PARKS - ON GROUND
Philippine Peso per Car
Light Duty Paving 81,500 86,600
Heavy Duty Paving 86,600 91,700
ROADS
(Premix nish including kerbs, channels and drainage)
Philippine Peso per Metre
Residential estate, 6.80 meters wide excluding
foot-paths and nature Strips 35,100 40,400
Industrial estate 10.40 meters wide includingminimal to extensive formation
49,200 56,600
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Construction Elements
The following rates are indicative only and includean allowance for prot and overheads but excludepreliminaries. The rates are not valid for tendering orpricing of variations.
Item Low High
SUB-STRUCTURE
Philippine Peso per Cubic Metre
Reinforced concrete pad footing (6000 PSI) 6,000 8,250
Reinforced concrete slab on ground(3000 PSI) 4,450 5,950
COLUMNS
Philippine Peso per Metre
Reinforced Concrete(600mm x 600mm) (7000 PSI)
8,600 12,000
Reinforced Concrete(900mm x 900mm) (3000 PSI)
18,500 24,000
Steel with reinforced concrete casing(3000 PSI)
28,000 30,360
UPPER FLOORS
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
150mm reinforced concrete suspended oor slab(3000 PSI)
3,000 6,900
Concrete slab on Metal deck with structural steelsupports and 2-hour re spray
10,560 12,000
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
17
Construction Elements
Item Low High
STAIRCASES
Number per Flight
1050mm wide reinforced concretestair with painted steel tube balustrade(average rise 3.70m)
220,000 250,800
1050mm wide reinforced concrete scissor
stair with painted tube handrail(average rise 3.70m)
215,000 220,000
2000mm wide grand public stair with glassand brass balustrade(4.00m rise)
2,700,000 3,500,000
ROOF
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
RC Slab (3000 PSI) graded to fall and built-up roong membrane
5,000 8,000
Structural steel, purlins and insulated metaldeck roof
10,000 15,500
EXTERNAL WALLS
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
150mm concrete hollow block walls jointedin cement mortar including reinforcement
1,050 1,100
Single glazed window unit(casement type)
12,500 15,000
Double glazed window unit
(casement type) 15,000 17,000
Aluminum with 10mmtempered glass curtainwall system
24,500 31,500
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Item Low High
EXTERNAL DOORS (EXCLUDING IRONMONGERY)
Number
Single leaf solid core steel door 22,750 28,000
Double leaf glazed door 56,700 80,500
Double leaf auto operating door 297,500 420,000
INTERIOR WALLS
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
250mm reinforced concrete wall(3000 PSI)
5,500 6,700
100mm brick or block wall 950 1,200
Stud plasterboard wall 2,000 2,500
Fire rated steel stud wall 4,200 5,500
2 hour shaft wall 6,300 7,500
INTERNAL DOORS (EXCLUDING IRONMONGERY)
Number
Single leaf solid core wood ush door 7,000 8,500
Single leaf half hour re rated steeldoor
18,000 28,000
Single leaf one hour re door 28,000 35,000
Double leaf auto operating door 230,000 315,000.
INTERIOR SCREENS
Number
Laminated toilet partition with onecubicle
21,000 33,250
Stone nish toilet partition 46,000 50,750
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
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Construction Elements
Item Low High
WALL FINISHES
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
Cement and sand plaster and emulsion paint 700 850
Cement render and vinyl fabric 1,350 2,000
Cement render and ceramic tile 2000 2,800Marble wall nish on renderedbacking
8,000 10,000
Marble wall cladding 10,000 13,000
CEILING FINISHES
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
Fiber cement plaster board ceiling Painted 1,400 1,600
One way exposed grid with mineral berboard acoustic ceiling
1,600 1,750
Molded plasterboard ceiling system 4,200 5,600
Aluminum louver ceiling system 6,300 8,000
FLOOR FINISHES
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
Carpet tile 1,750 2,000
Ceramic / Homogeneous tile 2,600 4,000
Granite tile 8,000 20,000
Access oors 3,500 6,500
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Item Low High
SPECIALIST SERVICES
SANITARY AND PLUMBING
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
Average cost per plumbing point includ-ing xture, soil waste and vent
35,000 43,750
Average cost for storm Water drains,industrial
490 875
VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION
Number
Glass sided escalator(4m rise)
12,600,000 13,300,000
17 passenger lift 8,000,000 10,150,000
Hydraulic lift serving 2,650,000 3,200,000
OTHER ITEMS
Philippine Peso per Cubic Metre
Structural excavation 300 – 500
Structural excavation 300 500
Philippine Peso per Square Metre
Waterproong Membrane / Fluid Applied 500 – 1,200
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
21
Commodity group AVE DEC NOV OCT SEP
Sand and Gravel 197.5 200.4 199.9 199.1 199.0
Concrete Products 199.5 201.2 200.8 200.8 200.6
Cement 179.7 183.5 183.3 182.8 182.6
Hardware 210.7 212.6 212.3 212.2 211.6
Plywood 178.1 179.7 179.7 179.5 178.6
Lumber 223.8 227.5 227.3 226.4 225.7
G.I. Sheet 176.8 178.3 177.9 177.3 176.9
Reinforcing Steel 245.6 249.7 249.5 248.1 248.0
Structural Steel 276.0 278.4 278.3 278.0 278.0
Tileworks 172.8 175.8 174.8 174.0 173.3
Glass and Glass Products 178.5 179.2 179.2 179.2 179.2
Doors, Jambs and Steel
Casement 197.2 198.5 198.0 197.6 197.6
Electrical Works 193.2 195.8 195.0 194.4 194.3
Plumbing Fixtures & Accessories / Waterworks
155.6 156.3 156.1 155.7 155.6
Painting Works 202.0 203.1 203.0 203.0 202.8
PVC Pipes 172.3 173.1 173.1 173.1 173.1
Fuels and Lubricants 336.3 328.2 329.8 337.8 341.2
Asphalt 448.1 464.0 446.7 446.7 446.7
Machinery andEquipment Rental
114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6
Construction Materials Wholesale Price Index
in the National Capital Region (NCR) Year 2012(2000=100)
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Source: National Statistics Ofce (Prices & Indices Division)
www.census.gov.ph
AUG JUL JUN MAY APR MAR FEB JAN
199.0 198.6 198.6 198.6 198.2 195.1 192.6 190.5
200.4 200.3 200.0 200.0 199.8 197.6 196.4 196.4
182.2 179.5 179.3 178.1 178.1 177.4 174.8 175.3
211.6 211.6 211.2 211.2 211.2 208.5 207.3 207.0
178.3 178.2 178.1 178.1 177.7 176.6 176.1 177.1
225.6 225.6 225.1 225.1 222.3 218.7 217.9 218.1
176.9 176.9 176.9 176.9 176.9 176.9 175.7 174.1
247.4 246.7 245.7 244.6 243.5 242.1 241.4 240.4
278.0 278.0 278.0 278.0 275.6 272.2 270.2 269.4
172.6 172.6 171.9 171.9 171.9 171.9 171.5 171.5
178.9 178.7 178.4 178.2 177.9 177.7 177.7 177.7
197.6 197.6 197.6 197.8 197.8 196.3 195.0 194.7
194.4 194.4 194.4 193.9 193.0 191.1 189.4 188.6
155.8 155.8 155.8 155.6 155.6 155.4 155.2 154.7
202.8 202.8 202.8 201.6 201.6 201.1 200.2 199.6
173.1 172.8 172.4 172.4 172.4 171.2 170.4 170.2
331.1 318.2 319.7 341.7 353.0 353.4 345.9 335.6
446.7 446.7 446.7 446.7 446.7 446.7 446.7 446.7
114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6 114.6
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
23
SUMMARY OF CURRENT REGIONAL DAILY MINIMUM WAGE RATES
Non-Agriculture, Agriculture
As of January 2013 (In pesos)
REGION DATE NON AGRI
AGRI
PLANTNON-
PLANT
NCR Nov 01, 2012419.00 -456.00
419.00 419.00
CAR Jun.18, 2012263.00 -280.00
246.00 -262.00
246.00 -262.00
I Jul 25, 2012233.00 -253.00
233.00 205.00
II May 16, 2012247.00 -255.00
235.00 -243.00
235.00 -243.00
III Oct 11, 2012285.00 -336.00
270.00 -306.00
258.00 -290.00
IV-A May 15, 2012
255.00 -
349.50
251.00 -
324.50
231.00 -
304.50
IV-B Feb 1, 2013205.00 -275.00
215.00 -225.00
215.00 -225.00
V Apr 7, 2012228.00 -252.00
228.00 228.00
VI May 31, 2012235.00 -277.00
245.00 235.00
VII Dec 7, 2012 282.00 -327.00 262.00 -309.00 262.00 -309.00
VIII Oct 16, 2012 260.00235.00-241.00
220.50
IX Nov. 25, 2011 267.00 242.00 222.00
X Jul 24, 2011271.00 -286.00
259.00 -274.00
259.00 -274.00
XI Jan. 1, 2012 301.00 291.00 291.00
XII Apr 18, 2012 270.00 252.00 249.00
XIII Nov 11, 2011 258.00 248.00 228.00
ARMM Sep 21, 2012 232.00 232.00 232.00
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National Capital Region
RA/WO DATE Amount
Basic Allowance Total
RA 6727 July 01, 1989 89.00 89.00
WO 01 Nov. 01, 1990 106.00 106.00
WO 02 Jan. 08, 1991 118.00 118.00
WO 03 Dec. 16, 1993 135.00 135.00
April 01, 1994 145.00 145.00
WO 04 Feb. 02, 1996 161.00 161.00
May 01, 1996 165.00 165.00
WO 05 Feb. 06, 1997 180.00 180.00
May 01, 1997 185.00 185.00
WO 06 Feb. 06, 1998 198.00 198.00
WO 07 Oct. 31, 1999 198.00-223.50 198.00-223.50
WO 08 Nov. 01, 2000 213.00-250.00 213.00-250.00
WO 09 Nov. 05, 2001 213.00-250.00 15.00 228.00-265.00
Feb. 01, 2002 213.00-250.00 30.00 243.00-280.00
WO 10 Jul. 01, 2004 213.00-250.00 50.00 263.00-300.00
WO 11 Jun. 16, 2005 238.00-275.00 50.00 288.00-325.00
WO 12 Jul. 10, 2006 288.00-300.00 50.00 313.00-350.00
WO 13 Aug. 28, 2007 325.00-362.00 325.00-362.00
WO 14 Jun. 14, 2008 340.00-377.00 5.00 345.00-382.00
Aug. 28, 2008 345.00-382.00 345.00-382.00
WO 15 Jul. 01, 2010 367.00-404.00 367.00-404.00
WO 16 May 26, 2011 367.00-404.00 22.00 389.00-426.00
WO 17 Jun. 03, 2012 389.00-426.00 20.00 409.00-446.00
Nov. 1, 2012 389.00-426.00 30.00 419.00-456.00
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
25
Region VII – Metro Cebu
RA/WO DATE Amount
Basic Allow Total
RA 6727 Jul. 01 1989 89 89
WO 01 Nov. 08,1990 89.00-105.00 89.00-105.00
WO 02 Feb. 01,1991 89.00-105.00 9.55 98.55-114.55
WO 02A Oct. 01, 1991 89.00-105.00 5.73 94.73-110.73
WO 03 Dec. 19, 1993 89.00-120.73 89.00-120.73
WO 04 Jan. 01, 1996 94.00-131.00 94.00-131.00
Jul. 01, 1996 99.00-136.00 99.00-136.00
Oct. 01, 1996 104.00-141.00 104.00-141.00
WO 05 Mar. 15,1997 115.00-145.00 115.00-145.00
WO 05-A Jul. 01,1997 111.00-150.00 111.00-150.00
Oct. 01,1997 111.00-155.00 111.00-155.00
WO 06 Apr. 01, 1998 116.00-160.00 116.00-160.00
Oct. 01, 1998 121.00-165.00 121.00-165.00
April 01,1999 126.00-165.00 126.00-165.00
Oct. 01,1999 131.00-165.00 131.00-165.00
WO 07 Jan. 01, 2000 136.00-170.00 136.00-170.00
WO 08 Apr. 01, 2000 140.00-170.00 140.00-170.00
WO 07 Jul. 01, 2000 145.00-175.00 145.00-175.00
WO 08 Nov. 10, 2001 150.00-180.00 150.00-180.00
WO 08 Jan. 01, 2001 155.00-185.00 155.00-185.00
WO 06 Jun. 01, 2001 160.00-190.00 160.00-190.00
WO 08 Dec. 01, 2001 165.00-195.00 165.00-195.00
WO 09 Jan. 06, 2002 170.00-200.00 170.00-200.00
WO 10 Aug. 08, 2004 178.00-208.00 178.00-208.00
WO 11 Jun. 16, 2005 190.00-223.00 190.00-223.00
WO 12 Aug. 02, 2006 200.00-241.00 200.00-241.00
WO 13 Nov. 11, 2007 205.00-250.00 205.00-250.00
WO 14 Jun. 16, 2008 222.00-267.00 222.00-267.00
WO 15 Sep. 01 , 2010 240.00-285.00 240.00-285.00
WO 16 Sep. 22 , 2011 260.00-305.00 260.00-305.00
WO 17 Dec. 07, 2012 282.00-327.00 282.00-327.00
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 26
Region VII – Davao
Note: WO-Wage Order COLA- Cost Of Living Allowance
ECOLA- Emergency Cost Of Living Allowance
RA/WO DATE Amount
Basic Allow Total
RA6727 Jul. 01,1989 89.00 89
WO 01 Nov. 21,1990 99.00 - 104.00 99.00-104.00
WO 02 Feb. 15,1991 99.00 - 104.00 8.32 106.92-112.32
May 15,1991
WO 03 Dec. 01,1993 99.00 - 104.00 25.00 124.00-129.00
WO 04 Jan. 01,1995 114.00 - 119.00 114.00-119.00
WO 05 Jan. 01,1997 123.00-129.00 123.00-129.00
Jun. 01,1997 123.00-135.00 123.00-135.00
WO 06 Jan. 01,1998 126.00-135.00 10.00 136.00-145.00
WO 07 Nov. 01,1999 146.00-148.00 10.00 156.00-158.00
WO 08 Nov. 01,2000 158.00-160.00 10.00 168.00-170.00
May 01,2001 168.00-170.00 10.00 178.00-180.00
WO 09 Jan. 01, 2002 168.00-170.00 25.00 193.00-195.00
WO 10 Jan. 01, 2004 193.00-195.00 193.00-195.00
WO 11 Feb. 05, 2005 207.00-209.00 207.00-209.00
WO 12 Jul. 02, 2005 207.00-209.00 15.00 222.00-224.00
WO 13 Jul. 27, 2006 222.00-224.00 16.00 238.00-240.00
WO 14 Sep. 16, 2007 222.00-224.00 26.00 248.00-250.00
WO 15 Jun. 16, 2008 240.00 25.00 265.00
Sep. 16, 2008 250.00 15.00 265.00
WO 16 Sep. 01, 2010 271.00 15.00 286.00
WO 17 Jan. 01, 2012 285.00 5.00 291.00
May. 01,2012 285.00 15.00 301.00
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
27
Development Type Range of Costper Construction oor area HVACPhp/m²
Sanitary &
PlumbingPhp/m²
OFFICE BUILDINGS
Prestige 3,200 – 6,000 1,200 – 2,500
Average 3,000 – 3,400 1,000 – 1,600
HOTELS
Five Star 4,000 - 5,500 2,400 – 3,200
Four Star 3,000 - 4,000 2,200 – 3,000
Three Star 2,500 - 2,600 2,000 - 2,200
RETAIL - SHOPPING MALL
Medium Class 1,000 – 1,500 800 – 1,000
High End 1,500 – 2,000 1,000 – 1,200
INDUSTRIAL
Flat Roofed Factories 800 – 1,000 900 – 1,200
Warehouses 700 – 1,000 900 – 1,200
RESIDENTIAL
Houses (High End) 300 – 500 1,500 – 2,000
Houses (Mid Class) 100 – 300 1,000 – 1,500
Condominiums (High End) 1,500 – 2,500 2,500 – 4,000
Condominiums (Mid Class) 1,500 – 1,500 2,000 – 2,500
INSTITUTIONAL
Institutions of Higher Learning 1,500 – 2,000 1,200 – 2,000
Schools 700 – 1,200 700 – 1,200
CARPARKING
Above Grade Car Park 100 – 200 100 - 200
Basement Car Park 200 – 300 200 - 300
Building Services (as at 4th Quarter 2012)
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 28
Fire ProtectionPhp/m² ElectricalPhp /m² Vertical TransportPhp /m² B.M.S.Php/m²
500 – 1,200 4,000– 6,200 1,500 – 2,500 700 – 1,000
500 – 1,200 3,500 – 4,000 1,000 – 1,700 700 – 1,000
600 – 1,100 5,400 – 6,300 2,500 – 3,400 700 – 1,000
400 – 1,100 4,000 – 5,000 2,000 – 2,700 600 – 900
400 – 500 3,800 – 3,900 1,800 – 2,000 600 – 700
600 – 1,000 1,600 – 2,000 700 – 1,000 300 – 500
1,000 – 1,500 2,000 – 3,000 800 – 1,200 300 – 500
600 – 900 1,600 – 2,600 – 100 - 500
600 – 900 1,500 – 2,600 – 100 - 400
100 – 500 3,500 – 5,000 - -
100 – 500 3,000 – 3,500 - -
500 – 1,400 2,500–4,000 700–1,500 500 – 1,000
500 – 1,400 2,000 – 3,000 500–1,000 500 – 1,000
600 – 1,000 1,700 – 3,000 500 – 1,000 300 – 500
600 – 1,000 1,200 – 1,700 300 – 500 -
100 – 200 900 – 1,100 300 – 400 -
100 – 200 900 – 1,100 300 – 400 -
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
29
Denitions (Building Services)
HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
MV include chiller plant, cooling towers, chilled waterand condenser water pumps and pipework, air-handlingunit systems, fan coil systems, AC ductwork, diffusers,split type air-conditioning units and ductwork, mechanicalventilation (‘MV’) fan system, MV ductwork, diffusers and
accessories, AC electrical and automatic control workswhere appropriate.
Sanitary & Plumbing
Sanitary & Plumbing works include water tanks andpumps, hot/cold water distribution piping, installationof water piping to sanitary ware and ttings, installationof waste piping to sanitary ware, aboveground andunderground drainage piping system where appropriate.
Fire Protection System
Fire Protection system includes sprinkler, external rehydrants, hosereels, wet and dry risers, automatic realarms and re extinguishers where appropriate. .
Electrical Installation
Electrical Installation includes power transformer, sub-station, HV & LV switch gear, distribution/sub-maincables, nal sub-circuits, cable support systems andcontainments, lighting protection system, earthingsystem, luminaries and lighting control system, standbygenerators, Telecommunications System, Public
Address system, intercom system, MATV/CATV system
where appropriate.
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 30
Vertical Transportation
Vertical Transport includes Lifts, Escalators, Travelators,Dumbwaiters, etc, where appropriate.
Building Management Systems (BMS)
BMS include Control Systems (mainly for HVACservices) where appropriate.
Exclusions
Security Systems, IT systems, AV systems, car parkingSystem, compactors, chutes; special equipment suchas proprietary systems, medical gases, incinerators,pneumatic refuse disposal system, façade maintenanceequipment, engineered smoke control systems etc;supply of kitchen equipment.
Note:
The order of costs for Building Services provided herein is indicative and
based on Construction Floor Area Assumptions.
Detailed requirements and specication for Building Services need to be
considered and provided in conceptual designs to derive cost estimates for
specic project budgetary purposes.
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PHILIPPINE CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
31
Ofce Fit-Out
The following costs that include workstations are anindication of those currently achievable for good qualityofce accommodation.
Type of Tenancy Open Planned Php/m²Fully Partitioned
Php/m²
Computer Areas 15,400 - 17.800 18,400 - 21,300
Executive Areas andFront of House 27,900 - 32,100 32,900 - 37,900
Insurance Ofce;GovernmentDepartments
15,400 - 17,800 18,400 - 21,300
Major CompanyHeadquarters
23,200 - 26,700 28,200 - 32,500
Solicitors, Financiers 23,200 - 26,700 28,200 - 32,500
Workstations
3,500mm average length including screens generally1,220m high (managerial 1,620mm high), desks, storage
cupboards, shelving etc. Supply of chairs is excludedType of Workstation Php / Workstation
Call Centre 36,000 - 41,400
Executive 111,400 - 128,200
Secretarial 51,400 - 59,200
Technical Staff 70,600 - 81,200
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Estimating Data
Reinforcements Ratios
Average Construction Payment Drawdown
Vertical Transport Services
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ESTIMATING DATA
35
Reinforcement Ratios
The following ratios give an indication of the averageweight of high tensile rod reinforcement per cubic meterof concrete (Grade 35) for the listed elements. Differingstructural systems, ground conditions, height of buildings,load calculations and sizes of individual elements and gridsizes will result in considerable variation to the stated ratios.For project specic ratios, a civil & structural engineer
should be consulted.Element Ave kg/m³
Pile caps 115 - 250
BoredPiles (compression) 30 - 60
Bored Piles (tension) 150 - 250
Raft Foundation 150 - 220
RC pad footings 70 - 100
Ground beams 200 - 300
Basement
Retaining Wall 150 - 250
RC Wall 125 - 150
Slab 100 - 200
Edge Beams 220 - 300
Above Ground
Columns 250 - 500
Beams 180 - 300
Slab 110 - 200
Walls (core) 130 - 320
Lift Core 125 - 200
Household Shelter 200 - 300
Stairs 130 - 160
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 36
Average Construction Payment Drawdown
The tabulation on next page is derived from the statisticalaverage of a series of case histories, which will give anindication of the anticipated rate of expenditure when usedfor a specic project for preliminary budgetary purposes.
All data are related to the date of submission ofcontractors’ claims to the client and not actual payment,
which is generally one month later
No adjustment has been made for the retention moneyon the assumption that such money will be paid by theclient into a joint account with the Contractor.
The payment of the outstanding monies due to thecontractors and sub-contractors after the date ofpractical completion takes place at irregular intervalswith payments spread over an indenite period.
The average rate of claims expenditure on constructionprojects are from Php100,000,000 to Php 1,300,000,000
and/or greater than one year but less than two yearsconstruction period to practical completion.
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ESTIMATING DATA
37
Av er a g
e C on s t r u c t i onP
a ym en t Dr aw d own
C on t r a c t P er i o d
( % )
C u
m ul a t i v e
P
r o j e c t
C
l ai m s
E x p
en d i t ur e
( % )
5 %
1 0 %
1 5 %
2 0 %
2 5 %
3 0 %
3 5 %
4 0 %
4 5 %
5 0 %
5 5 %
6 0 %
6 5 %
7 0 %
7 5 %
8 0 %
8 5 %
9 0 %
9 5 %
1 0 0 %
0 %1 0 %
2 0 %
3 0 %
4 0 %
5 0 %
6 0 %
7 0 %
8 0 %
9 0 %
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Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines 2013 38
C on t r a c t
P er i o d
Ov er al l P r o j e c t
%
%
5 5
5 2 . 8 5
6 0
6 0 .1 5
6 5
6 7 .1 5
7 0
7 3 . 6 8
7 5
7 9 . 6 0
8 0
8 4 .7 9
8 5
8 9 . 0 7
9 0
9 2 .2 9
9 5
9 4 . 3 2
1 0 0
9 7 . 5 0
Av er
a g e C on s t r u c t i onP a ym en t Dr aw d own
C on t r a c t P er i o d
Ov er al l P r o j e c t
%
%
5
0 .7 5
1 0
2 .7 0
1 5
5 .7 1
2 0
9 . 6 5
2 5
1 4 .4 0
3 0
1 9 . 8 0
3 5
2 5 .7 3
4 0
3 2 . 0 6
4 5
3 8 . 6 5
5 0
4 5 .4 0
N o t e: T
h er em
ai ni n
g2 . 5
% w
o u
l d b er el e
a s e d af t er
a p
er i o d of
s i x
t o
t w el v
em
on
t h s af t er h
an
d - ov
er
of
t h e pr o
j e c t
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ESTIMATING DATA
39
Application LiftType Speed(M/Sec) BaseCost ($)
No. of
FloorsServed
$/Floor
Addition-al FloorsServed
$/Floor
Bypassed
Ofce &Residential
Electroca-Hydraulicpassenger
0.5$70,000 -$95,000
2 $8,500 $6,500
Gearless9 to 13Passenger
1.0$75,000 -105,000
2 $7,000 $5,000
Gearless9 to 13
Passenger 1.65 -1.75
$95,000 -145,000
8 $7,000 $5,000
GearlessUp to 17
Passenger
1.65 -1.75
$120,000-
$170,0008 $7,000 $6,000
GearlessUp to 23
Passenger
2.0 -2.5
$150,000-
$270,00015 $8,000 $6,000
Gearless 3.0 -3.5 $435,000 20 $8,000 $6,000
Gearless 4.0 $575,000 20 $10,000 $8,000
Gearless 5.0 $660,000 20 $10,000 $8,000
Gearless 6.0 $920,000 30 $10,000 $8,000
Gearless 7.0 $990,000 30 $10,000 $8,000
Gearless 8.0 $1,100,000 40 $10,000 $8,000
Vertical Transport Services
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ApplicationLift
Type
Speed(M/
Sec)
Base
Cost ($)
No. ofFloorsServed
$/Floor Additional
FloorsServed
$/FloorBy
passed
Hospitals
Gearless23 paxBed Lift
1.75 $180,000 8 $7,000 $5,000
GearlessUp to 40Passen-ger
2.50 $680,000 10 $13,500 $8,000
LargeGoodsLifts
GearlessUp to2000kg
1.0 $305,000 2 $14,000 $8,000
GearlessUp to5000kg
0.50 $510,000 2 $16,500 $10,500
ServiceLift(Dumb-Waiter)
BenchHeightUnit
0.50 $35,000 2 $4,500 $1,800
LargeUn 0.20 $55,000 20 $5,500 $2,300
EscalatorsRise 2.5to 5.0m
0.50$140,000-$320,000
20 N.A. N.A.
Travellator
Distance1.3 to5.0m
0.50$120,000-$340,000
N.A. N.A. N.A.
To 4.0m 0.15 $68,500 2 N.A. N.A.
DisabledPlatformLift
Above4.0m
0.15 $88,500 3 N.A. N.A.
Notes:
Lift types up to 17-passenger capacity serving not more than 18 oors are
more commonly equipped with motor room-less systems.
Costs provided above are indicative and vary depending on the brand name
and technical specications.
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International Construction
Building Costs
Specic Denitions For International Construction Costs
Construction Market Activity Cycle Model
Sector Data
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INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION
43
Building Costs
All costs are stated in local currency per m² of grossoor area as shown below, as at December 2012. Thecosts stated in this section reect the standards andspecications normal to that country or region.
Country Currency
Ofce Buildings
Prestige Investment
Low High Low High
Asia Pacic
Beijing Rmb 7,250 12,000 6,750 10,300
Chengdu Rmb 6,900 11,200 6,350 9,400
Guangzhou Rmb 7,000 11,100 6,450 9,700
Ho Chi Minh City VND (‘000) 22,246 31,997 18,972 23,746
Hong Kong $HKD 18,400 27,200 16,200 22,000
Jakarta Rp (‘000) 8,338 11,530 5,765 9,008
Macau MOP 14,600 20,800 12,800 17,900
Manila PHP 32,470 44,300 25,900 35,300
Seoul KRW ('000) 2,210 2,830 1,660 2,040
Shanghai Rmb 7,350 11,850 6,750 10,250
Shenzhen Rmb 6,750 11,050 6,350 9,600
Singapore $Sgd 2,600 3,750 2,050 2,850
Tokyo Yen ('000) 249 329 219 249
EMEA
Birmingham £ GBP 1,770 2,330 1,500 2,330
Bristol £ GBP 1,900 2,500 1,550 2,450
Abu Dhabi AED 5,800 7,000 4,700 6,600
Dubai AED 5,600 6,900 4,600 6,400
London £ GBP 2,150 2,800 1,800 2,800
Manchester £ GBP 1,770 2,330 1,500 2,330
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Retail Hotels
Mall Strip Shopping 5 Star 3 Star
Low High Low High Low High Low High
8,050 12,300 7,000 11,000 12,400 16,400 9,100 11,800
7,300 11,050 6,600 10,500 11,550 14,300 8,550 10,900
7,950 11,400 6,900 10,300 12,400 15,900 9,250 11,400
NA NA NA NA 28,927 35,425 21,746 28,132
19,100 24,300 16,300 21,300 29,100 35,500 23,800 27,300
5,815 7,669 NA NA 11,889 15,185 9,084 10,475
15,000 18,600 12,700 16,300 22,300 27,100 17,900 21,300
27,510 31,660 20,840 23,365 53,510 61,600 43,200 48,850
1,480 2,150 1,250 1,900 2,980 4,410 1,920 2,440
8,050 12,450 7,050 11,200 12,450 16,350 9,250 11,750
7,350 11,050 6,450 9,850 11,900 15,500 8,900 11,200
2,100 3,300 NA NA 4,200 5,500 3,200 3,600
93 204 93 204 378 501 281 455
2,530 3,550 810 1,520 1,925 2,635 1,215 1,620
2,530 3,550 810 1,520 2,100 2,800 1,250 1,750
4,800 6,500 NA NA 8,900 10,400 7,500 9,000
4,600 6,300 NA NA 8,800 10,250 7,300 8,900
2,910 4,090 930 1,750 2,300 3,100 1,500 2,000
2,530 3,550 810 1,520 1,925 2,635 1,215 1,620
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INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION
45
Building Costs
Country Currency
Ofce Buildings
Prestige Investment
Low High Low High
Oceania
Adelaide $AUD 3,224 4,925 2,910 4,166
Auckland $NZ 2,750 3,500 2,100 3,200
Brisbane $AUD 2,500 3,850 2,000 3,000
Canberra $AUD 2,930 3,810 2,380 3,000
Christchurch $NZ 3,500 4,500 3,000 4,000
Darwin $AUD 2,900 3,980 2,250 3,600
Melbourne $AUD 2,980 3,740 2,325 2,880
Perth $AUD 3,150 4,770 2,575 3,740
Sydney $AUD 2,900 4,050 2,200 3,050
Wellington $NZ 2,800 3,200 2,200 2,500
USA
Boston $USD 2,153 3,014 1,884 2,637
Chicago $USD 2,476 3,875 1,292 1,938
Denver $USD 1,507 2,422 1,076 1,615
Honolulu $USD 2,260 4,198 1,884 3,122
Las Vegas $USD 1,507 3,068 1,130 2,045
Los Angeles $USD 1,938 3,014 1,292 2,099
New York $USD 2,207 3,767 1,938 2,906
Pheonix $USD 1,345 2,476 1,076 1,668
Portland $USD 1,776 2,260 1,238 1,722
San Francisco $USD 2,099 3,229 1,507 2,368
Seattle $USD 1,776 2,207 1,238 1,722
Washington DC $USD 1,884 2,583 1,399 1,991
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Retail Hotels
Mall Strip Shopping 5 Star 3 Star
Low High Low High Low High Low High
1,908 3,823 1,242 2,008 4,454 5,713 3,501 4,338
1,100 1,800 1,200 1,400 3,450 3,800 2,800 3,200
2,150 2,950 1,000 1,450 3,200 4,300 2,500 3,600
1,960 2,780 1,000 1,360 3,600 4,220 2,620 3,660
1,500 2,000 NA NA 3,500 4,000 2,800 3,200
1,550 2,400 1,300 1,900 3,500 4,300 2,800 3,500
2,020 1,465 1,060 1,465 3,740 4,245 3,035 3,385
1,995 2,870 1,010 1,445 3,600 4,430 2,645 3,635
1,600 3,300 1,400 2,050 3,700 4,700 2,600 3,200
1,300 1,800 NA NA 3,400 4,100 2,200 2,600
1,292 2,260 969 1,561 2,691 4,306 1,722 2,691
1,238 2,260 861 1,399 2,691 4,844 1,292 2,260
861 1,399 700 1,345 1,991 3,014 1,130 1,776
1,615 3,875 1,292 3,391 4,090 5,920 2,530 4,306
1,238 5,167 700 1,561 3,498 5,005 1,292 2,422
1,184 2,099 861 1,507 2,691 4,198 1,830 2,637
1,507 2,691 1,238 1,722 3,444 5,113 1,991 2,852
1,130 1,776 753 1,345 2,260 3,767 1,184 1,722
1,184 2,099 969 1,399 1,884 2,852 1,399 1,830
1,292 2,368 1,184 1,776 2,852 4,413 2,045 2,799
1,238 2,153 1,023 1,453 1,991 2,960 1,507 1,938
1,023 2,045 807 1,453 2,476 4,036 1,615 2,476
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INTERNATIONAL CONSTRUCTION
47
Building Costs
Country Currency
Industrial
Warehouse
Low High
Asia Pacic
Beijing Rmb 2,100 2,900
Chengdu Rmb 2,050 2,800
Guangzhou Rmb 2,050 2,850
Ho Chi Minh City VND (‘000) 8,109 12,118
Hong Kong $HKD 7,300 8,500
Jakarta Rp (‘000) 2,854 3,730
Macau MOP NA NA
Manila PHP 14,666 16,892
Seoul KRW ('000) 620 760
Shanghai Rmb 2,200 3,000
Shenzhen Rmb 2,000 2,800
Singapore $Sgd 650 1,250
Tokyo Yen ('000) 94 125
EMEA
Birmingham £ GBP 305 610
Bristol £ GBP 450 750
Abu Dhabi AED 1,500 3,500
Dubai AED 1,500 3,500
London £ GBP 375 750
Manchester £ GBP 305 610
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Car Parking Residential
Multi Storey Basement Multi-Storey
Low High Low High Low High
3,450 6,150 4,100 5,200 3,800 5,850
3,300 5,400 3,490 4,300 3,500 5,400
3,550 6,200 4,000 5,000 3,650 5,500
16,677 22,787 5,450 8,250 13,970 21,180
12,400 17,700 12,600 15,800 16,200 23,400
3,730 5,198 3,911 4,735 5,868 9,370
6,850 9,050 NA NA 9,750 16,500
16,080 18,510 17,400 20,030 35,400 48,450
800 1,020 1,110 1,390 1,440 2,080
4,000 6,550 4,100 5,250 3,700 5,700
3,450 6,050 3,850 4,850 3,550 5,400
1,950 2,200 1,050 1,550 1,950 3,100
249 314 94 180 NA NA
810 1,315 330 610 1,520 2,130
850 1,400 330 610 1,520 2,130
2,750 4,500 1,500 2,700 4,500 6,100
2,750 4,500 1,300 2,600 4,300 5,900
975 1,600 400 725 1,800 2,500
810 1,315 330 610 1,520 2,130
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Building Costs
Country Currency
Industrial
Warehouse
Low High
Asia Pacic
Adelaide $AUD 802 1,366
Auckland $NZ 550 750
Brisbane $AUD 600 800
Canberra $AUD 680 940
Christchurch $NZ 800 1,200
Darwin $AUD 700 1,200
Melbourne $AUD 655 1,060
Perth $AUD 685 1,125
Sydney $AUD 600 900
Wellington $NZ 500 900
USA
Boston $USD 646 969
Chicago $USD 700 1,184
Denver $USD 431 753
Honolulu $USD 700 1,076
Las Vegas $USD 538 915
Los Angeles $USD 646 1,023
New York $USD 700 1,130
Pheonix $USD 431 700
Portland $USD 700 915
San Francisco $USD 753 1,076
Seattle $USD 700 915
Washington DC $USD 592 861
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Car Parking Residential
Multi Storey Basement Multi-Storey
Low High Low High Low High
1,406 1,908 804 1,289 2,642 4,129
1,000 1,500 450 700 2,100 2,900
1,100 1,700 600 850 2,100 3,050
910 1,270 620 820 2,240 3,250
1,600 2,000 700 1,000 NA NA
1,100 1,500 700 1,275 1,940 2,560
1,110 1,365 555 960 2,175 3,490
990 1,455 625 1,455 2,230 3,830
900 1,400 600 700 2,150 3,550
1,800 2,600 900 1,400 2,500 3,200
861 1,184 753 1,076 1,453 3,498
969 1,399 753 1,399 1,399 3,498
646 1,023 700 1,184 753 3,767
1,076 2,045 1,130 1,776 1,507 6,028
646 1,615 538 1,076 753 3,767
915 1,399 753 1,292 1,453 3,014
915 1,345 969 1,399 1,507 3,767
646 1,076 592 1,076 861 3,229
915 1,345 807 1,184 1,184 2,691
969 1,507 861 1,399 1,561 3,229
915 1,345 807 1,184 1,292 2,530
807 1,076 753 1,076 1,076 2,691
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The cycle model illustrates the different growth anddecline zones in a theoretical construction industrybusiness cycle. The tabulation in the following pageprovides an overview of the relative growth / decline
of each development sector in various cities. Each cityhas its own industry business cycle in the context of itsown economy, and as such the performance of eachdevelopment sector is not strictly comparable betweencities. Information as at December 2012.
Trough Growth Zone
Mid Growth Zone
Peak Growth Zone Peak Decline Zone
Mid Decline Zone
Trough Decline Zone
Construction Market Activity Cycle Model
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Houses Apartments Ofces
Americas
Boston ▼ ▲ ▼Denver ▼ ▼ ▲Honolulu ▲ ▲ ▼Las vegas ▲ ▲ ▼Los angeles ▼ ▲ ▲New York ▲ ▼ ▼
Pheonix ▲ ▲ ▼Portland ▲ ▲ ▲San francisco ▼ ▲ ▲Seattle ▲ ▲ ▲Washington D.C. ▲ ▲ ▲
Asia
BANGKOK ▼ ▼ ▼Beijing ▼ ▲ ▲Guangzhou
▼ ▼ ▲Ho chi minh city ▲ ▼ ▼Hong kong ▲ ▲ ▲Jakarta ▲ ▲ ▲
Macau ▲ ▲ ▲Manila ▲ ▲ ▲Seoul ▼ ▼ ▲Shanghai ▼ ▼ ▼
Shenzhen ▼ ▲ ▲Singapore ▲ ▲ ▼Tokyo ▲ ▲ ▲
Sector Data
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Industrial Retail Hotel Civil
▼ ▼ ▲ ▲▼ ▲ ▼ ▲
▼ ▼ ▲ ▲▼ ▼ ▼ ▲▼ ▲ ▲ ▲▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
▲ ▼ ▼ ▲▲ ▲ ▲ ▲▼ ▲ ▲ ▲▼ ▼ ▲ ▲▼ ▲ ▲ ▲
▼ ▲ ▼ ▲
▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
▼ ▲ ▼ ▼▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
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Houses Apartments Ofces
EMEA
Abu dhabi ▼ ▼ ▼Bristol ▼ ▼ ▼Doha ▲ ▲ ▼Dubai ▲ ▲ ▼London ▲ ▲ ▲Manchester ▲ ▼ ▼
Saudi arabia ▲ ▲ ▲Shefeld ▲ ▲ ▲
Oceania
Adelaide ▼ ▲ ▲
Auckland ▲ ▲ ▲Brisbane ▲ ▲ ▲Canberra ▼ ▼ ▼Christchurch ▲ ▲ ▲
Darwin ▲ ▲ ▲Melbourne ▼ ▲ ▲Perth ▼ ▼ ▲Sydney ▼ ▲ ▲Townsville ▲ ▲ ▲Wellington ▲ ▲ ▼
Sector Data
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Industrial Retail Hotel Civil
▼ ▼ ▼ ▼▲ ▼ ▼ ▲
▲ ▲ ▲ ▼▲ ▼ ▲ ▼▼ ▲ ▲ ▼▼ ▲ ▲ ▼
▲ ▼ ▼ ▼▼ ▲ ▲ ▼
▼ ▲ ▲ ▲
▲ ▲ ▼ ▼▼ ▲ ▼ ▲
▲ ▲ ▼ ▲
▲ ▲ ▲ ▲
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Developing the BERDE Certication Functional Chart
The PHILGBC Board of Trustees is the highest policymaking body in the Ecologically Responsive DesignExcellence (BERDE) Rating System and owns theBERDE Certication Mark.
This agency was structured and owns the BERDECertication Seal. The BERDE Development Teamprovides nalization and approval of the BERDE RatingProgram. They conduct periodic review on the Rating
and provide technical assistance, where necessary andapplicable in the interpretation of the said Program. TÜVRheinland Philippines are envisioned to undertake theBERDE assessment activities, to include documentationreview, reporting and shall appoint a technical person/panel to independently review the Assessment Reportand be responsible for the award of the BERDECertication.
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BERDE Rating Certication Structure
Technical Assessors and Experts Pool
TÜV Rheinland Philippines will support the PHILGBCin the development of the CRITERIA for the Technical
Assessors and Experts. TÜV Rheinland Philippines shallmaintain a list of its technical assessors and expertspool for the BERDE Rating Program. TÜV RheinlandPhilippines in collaboration with PHILGBC will undertakecapacity building programs, such as trainings or
workshops in order to qualify the technical assessorsand experts and ensure that they have commonunderstanding on the interpretation of the BERDE Ratingsystem, thus ensure the consistent implementation andassessment of the BERDE Rating program. A regularExperience Exchange program shall be required toall qualied technical assessors and experts in order
to maintain their appointment status. As part of TÜVRheinland Philippines’ compliance with ISO/IEC 17021,it shall ensure that the designated assessment team,including the technical assessors and experts, were notin any way involved in the consulting for the applicantor project.
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Proposed Timeline for BERDE Rating Program
Man-day Table and Fee Structure TÜV RheinlandPhilippines charges on a man-day rate basis forits assessment and certication and/or registrationactivities. TÜV Rheinland Philippines in collaborationwith PHILGBC, will develop a man-day table or matrixto determine how much time (man-days) is needed,considering the size and complexity of the project, such
as location, size of lot, number of oors of the building,for the Assessment Team to spend for its assessmentand certication activities, such as but not limited todocumentation review, assessment and documentation/report preparation.TÜV Rheinland Philippines shallcharge the current man-day rate and registration feesduly approved by PHILGBC and published accordingly.
Minimum Program Requirements
Each project must meet minimum requirements inorder to quality for BERDE certication. All projectsmuch comply with applicable environmental laws, be
a complete permanent building or space, have a siteboundary (distinct property lines), comply with minimumoccupancy rates, commit to sharing whole buildingenergy and water usage data, and comply with aminimum building area to site-area ratio.
SCORING AND RATING
The BERDE Rating System provides a cross‐cuttingmeasure of building performance. Weighting is a centralconcern when combining performance across credits andcredit categories. This work is an effort for the BERDEweighting system to address the social, economic andenvironmental impact priorities of the Philippines.
Objectives
The BERDE 1.0 Credit Weighting Tool was developedto provide a transparent and reproducible systemfor understanding building impacts and using this
information to assign weights to individual BERDEcredits. The workbook is a decision support tool that isintended to provide a framework for creditweighting – and not denitive answers.
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Weighting Approach
The BERDE weighting system is based on the conceptthat the value of credits or CRITERIA will be determinedby a basic weighting equation (see below). This equationbrings together information on indicators addressed,impact categories (i.e. social, economic, environmental),and the relative importance of CRITERIA indicators. Thisapproach is implemented in a Microsoft Excel based
workbook called the BERDE 1.0 Credit Weighting Tool.The tool ultimately provides a set of credit weightingssuch as those illustrated in the screen shot below.
BASIC WEIGHTING EQUATION
UN Sustainable Development Indicators Addressed
XSocial, Economic and Environmental Impacts
X
Relative Importance of each Impact
=
Credit or CRITERIA Weight
Denitions:
• Indicators Addressed: each BERDErequirement or CRITERIA addresses different UNSustainable Development Indicators
• Impacts: each UN Sustainable DevelopmentIndicator (SDI) belong to different impact categories(Social, Economic and Environmental)
• Relative Importance: each relevant DatabaseIndicator, that belongs to different UN SDIs,
compares the Philippines’ standing against the rest of theworld. The data puts the Philippines better or worse thanthe World average. A “worse than the world average”standing gives the indicator a relative importance.
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Energy Points
EN-PT-1 : Energy Metering 1
EN-PT-2 : Energy Efcient Lighting 1
EN-PT-3 : Natural Ventilation 1
EN-PT-4 : On-Site Energy Generation 1
EN-PT-5 : Energy Efciency Improvement 1
EN-PT-6 : Energy Efcient BuildingEnvelope
1
EN-PT-7 : Energy Efcient Equipment 1
EN-PT-8 : Building Automation Systems 1 - 2
Transportation Points
TR-PT-1 : Alternative Transportation :Bicycles
1
TR-PT-2 : Alternative Transportation :Low Emission and Energy
Efcient Vehicles
1
TR-PT-3 : Parking 3
TR-PT-4 : Proximity To Key Establishments 2
TR-PT-5 : Public Access 1
TR-PT-6 : Contribution To Public Transport
Amenities2 - 4
TR-PT-7 : Public Transportation Access 1 - 4
TR-PT-8 : Transportation Impact Assessment
2
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Indoor Environment Quality Points
EQ-PT-1 : External View And Daylighting 1
EQ-PT-2 : Illumination Control 1
EQ-PT-3 : Glare Control 1
EQ-PT-4 : Thermal Control 1
EQ-PT-5 : Indoor Air Quality 1
EQ-PT-6 : Microbial ContaminationPrevention
1
EQ-PT-7 : Low Voc Environment 1
Materials Points
MT-PT-1 : Civil Works 1 - 2
MT-PT-2 : Electrical Works 1 - 2
MT-PT-3 : Architectural Works And Finishes 2
Emissions Points
EM-PT-1 : Pollutant And Greenhouse Gas
Inventory 2
EM-PT-2 : Ozone Protection 1
EM-PT-3 : Emission Control 1
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Waste Points
WS-PT-1 : Construction Waste Diversion 2 - 6
WS-PT-2 : Materials Recovery Facility 5
Heritage Conservation Points
HC-PT-1 : Heritage Feature Protection 3
HC-PT-2 : Heritage Features Promotion 1
Innovation Points
IN-PT-1 : Innovation In Design Or Process 1 - 10
IN-PT-2 : Innovation In Performance
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LEED® Green Building Rating System
Background on LEED®
Following the formation of the U.S. Green buildingcouncil (USGBC) in 1993, the organization’s membersquickly realized that the sustainable building industryneeded a system to dene and measure “greenbuildings.” USGBC began to research existing green
building metrics and rating systems. Less than a yearafter formation, the members acted on the initial ndingsby establishing a committee to focus solely on thistopic. The composition of the Committee was diverse;it included architects, real estate agents, a buildingowner, a lawyer, an environmentalist, and Industryrepresentatives. This cross section of people andprofessions added a richness and depth both to theprocess and to the ultimate product.
Features of LEED®
The LEED Green Building Rating Systems are voluntary,
consensus-based, and market-driven. Based on existingand proven technology, they evaluate environmentalperformance from a whole building perspective over abuilding’s life cycle, providing a denitive standard forwhat constitutes a green building in design, construction,and operation
The LEED Credit Weightings
In LEED 2009, the allocation of points between creditsis based on the potential environmental impacts andhuman benets of each credit with respect to a setof impact categories. The impacts are dened as
the environmental or human effect of the design,construction, operation, and maintenance of the building,such as greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel use,toxins and carcinogens, air and water pollutants, indoorenvironmental conditions. A combination of approaches,including energy modeling, life-cycle assessment, andtransportation analysis, is used to quantify each type of
impact. The resulting allocation of points among creditsis called credit weighting.
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The LEED 2009 credit weightings process is based onthe following parameters, which maintain consistencyand usability across rating systems:
• All LEED credits are worth a minimum of 1 point.• All LEED credits are positive, whole numbers;
there are no fractions or negative values.• All LEED credits receive a single, static weight in
each rating system; there are no individualized
scorecards based on project location.• All LEED rating systems have 100 base points;
Innovation in Design (or Operations) and RegionalPriority credits provide opportunities for up to 10bonus points.
Given the above criteria, the LEED 2009 credit weight-ings process involves 3 steps:
1. A reference building is used to estimate theenvironmental impacts in 13 categories associatedwith a typical building pursuing LEED certication.
2. The relative importance of building impacts in each
category are set to reect values based on theNIST weightings.
3. Data that quantify building impacts on environmen-tal and human health are used to assign points toindividual credits.
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II. Overview and Process
The LEED 2009 green building rating system fornew construction and major renovations is a set ofperformance Standards for certifying the design andconstruction of commercial or institutional buildings andhigh-rise Residential buildings of all sizes, both publicand private. The intent is to promote healthful, durable,affordable, and Environmentally sound practices in
building design and construction.
Prerequisites and credits in the LEED 2009 for newconstruction and major renovations addresses 7 topics:
• Sustainable Sites (SS)• Water Efciency (WE)• Energy And Atmosphere(EA)• Materials And Resources (MR)• Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)• Innovation In Design (ID)• Regional Priority (RP)
LEED 2009 for new construction and major renovationscertications are awarded according to the followingScale:
• Certied 40–49 points• Silver 50–59 points• Gold 60–79 points
• Platinum 80 points and above
GBCI will recognize buildings that achieve 1 of theserating levels with a formal letter of certication
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When to Use LEED 2009 for New Construction
LEED for new construction was designed primarily fornew commercial ofce buildings, but it has been appliedto Many other building types by leed practitioners.
All commercial buildings, as dened by standardbuilding codes, Are eligible for certication as leed fornew construction buildings. Examples of commercialoccupancies include Ofces, institutional buildings
(libraries, museums, churches, etc.), Hotels, andresidential buildings of 4 or more Habitable stories.
Registration
Project teams interested in earning LEED certication fortheir buildings must rst register the project with GBCI.
Projects can be registered on the GBCI website(www.gbci.org). The website also has information onregistration costs for USGBC national members as wellas nonmembers. Registration is an important step thatestablishes contact with GBCI and provides access tosoftware tools, errata, critical communications, and other
essential information.
Certication
To earn LEED certication, the applicant project mustsatisfy all the prerequisites and qualify for a minimumnumber of points to attain the established project ratingsas listed below. Having satised the basic prerequisitesof the program, applicant projects are then ratedaccording to their degree of compliance within the rating
system.
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III. Minimum program requirements
The LEED 2009 minimum program requirements (MPRS)dene the minimum characteristics that a project Mustpossess in order to be eligible for certication underLEED 2009. These requirements dene the categoriesof buildings that the LEED rating systems were designedto evaluate, and taken together serve three goals: to giveClear guidance to customers, to protect the integrity of
the LEED program, and to reduce challenges that occurDuring the LEED certication process. It is expectedthat MPRS will evolve over time along with LEED ratingsystem improvements. The requirements will apply onlyto those projects registering under LEED 2009.To view the mprs and the MPR supplemental guidance,visit the LEED resources and tools section ofwww.usgbc.org/projecttools
IV. Exemplary performance strategies
Exemplary performance strategies result in performancethat greatly exceeds the performance level or expands
the scope required by an existing LEED 2009 for newconstruction credit. To earn exemplary performancecredits, teams must meet the performance level denedby the next step in the threshold progression. For creditswith more than 1 compliance path, an innovation indesign point can be earned by satisfying more than 1compliance path if their benets are additive. The credits
for which exemplary performance points are availablethrough expanded performance or scope are noted Inthe leed reference guide for green design & construction,2009 edition and in LEED-online.
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LEED 2009 FOR NEW CONSTRUCTION AND MAJOR
RENOVATIONS PROJECT CHECKLIST
Sustainable Site 26 possible points
Prerequisite 1Construction Activity PollutionPrevention
Required
Credit 1 Site Selection 1
Credit 2Development Density and CommunityConnectivity
5
Credit 3 Browneld Redevelopment 1
Credit 4.1 Alternative transportation:Public transportation access
6
Credit 4.2 Alternative transportation:Bicycle storage and Changing rooms
1
Credit 4.3
Alternative transportation:
Low-Emitting and fuel-Efcient vehicles 3
Credit 4.4 Alternative transportation:Parking Capacity
2
Credit 5.1Site Development:Protect or Restore Habitat
1
Credit 5.2Site Development:Maximize open space
1
Credit 6.1 Stormwater Design: Quantity Control 1
Credit 6.2 Stormwater Design: Quality Control 1
Credit 7.1 Heat island Effect: Nonroof 1
Credit 7.2 Heat island Effect: Roof 1
Credit 8 Light Pollution Reduction 1
Water Efciency 10 possible points
Prerequisite 1 Water Use Reduction Required
Credit 1 Water Efcient Landscaping 2-4
Credit 2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies 2
Credit 3 Water Use Reduction 2-4
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Energy and
Atmosphere10 possible points
Prerequisite 1 Water Use Reduction Required
Prerequisite 2 Water Efcient Landscaping Required
Prerequisite 3 Innovative Wastewater Technologies Required
Credit 1 Optimize Energy performance 1-19
Credit 2 On-site Renewable Energy 1-7
Credit 3 Enhanced Commissioning 2Credit 4 Enhanced refrigerant Management 2
Credit 5 Measurement and Verication 3
Credit 6 Green Power 2
Materials and
resources 14 possible points
Prerequisite 1 storage and Collection of recyclables Required
Credit 1.1Building reuse: Maintain Existing walls,oors and roof
1-3
Credit 1.2Building reuse: Maintain Existing interiorNonstructural Elements
1
Credit 2 Construction Waste Management 1-2
Credit 3 Materials Reuse 1-2
Credit 4 Recycled Content 1-2
Credit 5 Regional Materials 1-2
Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials 1
Credit 7 Certied Wood 1
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Indoor
Environmental
Quality
15 possible points
Prerequisite 1Minimum Indoor Air QualityPerformance
Required
Prerequisite 2Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)Control
Required
Credit 1 Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1
Credit 2 Increased Ventilation 1
Credit 3.1Construction Indoor Air QualityManagement Plan: DuringConstruction
1
Credit 3.2Construction Indoor Air QualityManagement Plan: Before Occupancy
1
Credit 4.1Low-Emitting Materials:
Adhesives and Sealants
1
Credit 4.2Low-Emitting Materials:Paints and Coatings
1
Credit 4.3Low-Emitting Materials:Flooring systems
1
Credit 4.4Low-Emitting Materials:Composite Wood And Agriber
Products
1
Credit 5Indoor Chemical And Pollutant SourceControl
1
Credit 6.1 Controllability Of Systems: Lighting 1
Credit 6.2Controllability Of Systems:Thermal Comfort
1
Credit 7.1 Thermal Comfort: Design 1
Credit 7.2 Thermal Comfort: Verication 1
Credit 8.1 Daylight And Views: Daylight 1
Credit 8.2 Daylight And Views: Views 1
Innovation inDesign
6 possible points
Credit 1 Innovation in Design 1-5
Credit 2 LEED accredited professional 1
Regional Priority 4 possible points
Credit 1 Regional Priority 1-4
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Development Data – Measurement of Building Areas
Prior to 1989, the development intensity for residentialdevelopment was measured in terms of density i.e.persons per hectare. For non-residential developmentssuch as industrial, warehousing, institutional, commercialbuildings etc., the intensity was measured in terms ofplot ratio.
Following the introduction of the new development chargesystem from 1 September 1989, the Gross Floor Areaconcept was adopted to determine the developmentintensity of a building, thereby standardizing theprevious methods of calculating development intensityfor different types of developments.
The denition of (GFA) Gross Floor Area in this ofceas per Rider Levett Bucknall Philippines OperatingProcedure No.2 (OP-02):
All covered space fullling the functional requirementsof the building measured to the outside face of the
external walls or the external perimeter. Areas occupiedby partitions, columns, internal structural or party walls,stairwells, lift shafts, plant rooms, water tanks and thelike are included. Sloping surfaces such as staircasesand car park ramps have been measured at on plan.Note that;The rooms passing through two or more storey (e.g.foyer, atrium, lobby etc.) - the area is measured onceonly at oor level.
The rooms passing through two or more storey with agallery or mezzanine – the area is measured once onlyat ground oor level and the area of the mezzanine or
gallery added.
Extreme care must therefore be taken to ensure that anyareas quoted by the Architect or Client are understoodby all parties.
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Gross Floor Area (G.F.A.) – The sum of the “FullyEnclosed Covered Area” and “Unenclosed Covered
Area” as dened.
Fully Enclosed Covered Area (F.E.C.A) – The sum of allareas at all building oor levels, including basements(except unexcavated portions), oored roof spaces andattics, garages, penthouses, enclosed porches andattached enclosed covered ways alongside buildings,
equipment rooms, lift shafts, vertical ducts, staircasesand any other fully enclosed spaces and usable areasof the building, computed by measuring from normaloutside face of the exterior walls but ignoring anyprojections such as plinths, columns, piers and thelike which project from the normal inside face of theexterior walls. It shall not include open courts, light wells,connecting or isolated covered ways and net open areasof upper portions of rooms, lobbies, halls, interstitialspaces and the like which extend through the storeybeing computed.
Unenclosed Covered Area (U.C.A) – The sum of all areas
at all building oor levels, including roof balconies, openverandahs, porches and porticos, attached open coveredways alongside buildings, undercrofts and usable spaceunder buildings, unenclosed access galleries (includingground oor) and any other trafcable covered areas ofthe building which are not totally enclosed by full heightwalls, computed by measuring the area between the
enclosed walls or balustrade (i.e. from the inside face ofthe U.C.A. excluding the wall or balustrade thickness).When the covering element (i.e. roof or upper oor) issupported by columns, is cantilevered or is suspended,or any combination of these, the measurements shall betaken to the edge of the paving or to edge of the cover,
whichever is lesser. U.C.A. shall not include eavesoverhangs, sun shading, awnings and the like wherethese do not relate to clearly dened trafcable coveredareas, nor shall it include connecting or isolated coveredways.
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Development Data – Measurement of Building Areas
Net Rentable Area (N.R.A.) – The sum of rentable areaswithin a commercial type building, measured from theinside face of exterior walls and windows at a height of1.5m above oor level and including the area occupiedby structural columns.
Deductions from N.R.A.
All stairs, toilets, cleaner’s cupboards, lift shafts,escalators and tea rooms where provided as standardfacilities in the buildings.
Lobbies between lifts facing other lifts serving the sameoor.
Areas set aside as public space or thoroughfares andnot used exclusively by occupants of the building. (Note:excludes any additional common areas resulting fromthe sub-division of a whole oor to accommodate morethan one tenant.)
Areas set aside as plant and lift motor rooms or for theprovision of facilities or services to the building and notfor the exclusive use of the occupants of the building.
Areas set aside for use by service vehicles and fordelivery of goods and access ways thereto.
Areas set aside for car parking and access ways thereto.
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Usable Floor Area (U.F.A.) – The sum of the oor areasat oor level from the general inside face of walls of allinterior spaces related to the primary function of thebuilding. This will normally be computed by calculatingthe “Fully Enclosed Covered Area” (F.E.C.A.) anddeducting all of the following areas supplementary to theprimary function of the building.
Deductions from U.F.A.
Common Use Areas
All oored areas in the building for circulation andstandard facilities provided for the common use of theoccupants, tenants and/or the public such as lobbiesand foyers to entrances, stairways and lifts, stairways,landings and re escapes, verandahs and balconies,
corridors and passages, toilets and rest room areas,cloak and locker rooms, cleaner’s rooms, includingstores and cupboards, tea making and similar amenityareas.
Service Areas
All areas set aside for building plant supplying servicesand facilities common to the building for the use ofoccupants, tenants and/or public such as mechanicalplant and equipment rooms, electrical equipment andswitch rooms, tank rooms, lift motor rooms, metercupboards, telecommunications switch rooms, refusecollection areas loading bays and all car parks including
access ways thereto.
Non-habitable Areas
All non-habitable building space such as that occupied byinternal columns and other structural supports, internalwalls and permanent partitions, lift shafts, service ducts
and the like.
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Government System Implemented for Private
And Public Construction
In The Philippines, there are two distinct systems thatgovern the tendering and implementation of public andprivate construction contracts.
Private Construction
Contractors are usually selected on the basis of their
reputations as competent builders or in considerationof their personal relationships with the project owner.Private contracts are also generally negotiated ortendered through sealed canvass bidding and somethrough electronic bidding (e-bidding). The contractis awarded at the price agreed upon through thenegotiation process. The terms and conditions of thecontract constitute the law or agreement between thecontracting parties.
Public Construction
Presidential Decree No. 1594 and its ImplementingRules and Regulations (much like the AB 92 of Sweden)
primarily governs government infrastructure contracts,particularly those funded from local appropriations, bythe contract terms and conditions. However, for projectsfunded partly or wholly from foreign nancing, theInternational Conditions of Contract or “FIDIC” and thebank guidelines apply.
The Implementing Rules and Regulations of PresidentialDecree No. 1594 and Its Objectives As an overview,Presidential Decree No.1594 has been formulatedand approved by the Government of The Philippinesto adopt a comprehensive, uniform and updated set ofpolicies and guidelines, rules and regulations covering
government contracts for government infrastructure andother construction projects in order to achieve a moreefcient and effective implantation of these projects. Itis intended to:
* Bring about maximum efciency in project implantationand minimize project cost and contract variations through
sound practices in construction management.
* Promote healthy partnership between the governmentand the private sector in furthering national development,and
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* Enhance the growth of the local construction industryand optimize the use of indigenous manpower, materialsand other resources.
Generally, government construction projects areundertaken by contract after competitive public bidding.Projects may be undertaken by administration or “forceaccount” or by negotiated contract only in exceptionalcases where time is of the essence, or where there is
lack of qualied bidders or contractors, or where there isconclusive evidence that greater economy and efciencywould be achieved through this arrangement.
Life Cycle Economy
In government projects in The Philippines, a WarrantyPeriod of one (1) year is pr