rm e getting started din

RM Bridge Professional Engineering Software for Bridges of all Types

RM Bridge V8i

October 2010

TRAINING GETTING STARTED - RM - DIN

RM Bridge

Training Getting Started – RM – DIN I

© Bentley Systems Austria

Contents

1 General ......................................................................................................................... 1-1

1.1 The Tutorial ......................................................................................................... 1-2

1.2 Strucural System .................................................................................................. 1-2

1.2.1 Support Scheme ............................................................................................... 1-3

1.2.2 Cross Section ................................................................................................... 1-3

1.2.3 Tendon Geometry ............................................................................................ 1-4

1.2.4 Tendon Characteristics .................................................................................... 1-4

1.2.5 Material Properties........................................................................................... 1-5

1.3 Loading ................................................................................................................ 1-6

1.3.1 Permanent Load ............................................................................................... 1-6

1.3.2 Creep and Shrinkage: ....................................................................................... 1-6

1.3.3 Additional Load ............................................................................................... 1-6

1.3.4 Traffic Load ..................................................................................................... 1-6

2 Starting a Calculation .................................................................................................. 2-7

2.1 Recalculate ........................................................................................................... 2-7

2.2 First Results ......................................................................................................... 2-8

2.3 View Options ..................................................................................................... 2-11

3 Material for PT Tendons ............................................................................................ 3-12

3.1 Import of Material.............................................................................................. 3-12

3.2 Definition of Tendon Geometry ........................................................................ 3-13

3.3 Definition of Stressing Sequence ...................................................................... 3-19

4 Load Definition .......................................................................................................... 4-23

4.1 Load Management ............................................................................................. 4-23

4.2 Loading Case Definition .................................................................................... 4-25

5 Construction Schedule ............................................................................................... 5-31

5.1 Stage Actions and Activation ............................................................................ 5-31

5.1.1 Definition of Individual Stages ...................................................................... 5-31

5.1.2 Activation of the New Stages ........................................................................ 5-33

5.1.3 Calculation Actions for Each Stage ............................................................... 5-34

6 Traffic ........................................................................................................................ 6-38

6.1 Traffic Load Definition...................................................................................... 6-38

6.2 Calculation Actions for Construction Stage ...................................................... 6-44

RM Bridge

Training Getting Started – RM – DIN II


7 Load Combinations for Design Code Checks ........................................................... 7-47

7.1 Combination Table ............................................................................................ 7-47

7.2 Calculation Actions for Load Combinations ..................................................... 7-48

8 Design Code Checks .................................................................................................. 8-50

8.1 Fibre Stress Checks (SLS) ................................................................................. 8-50

8.1.1 Calculation Actions for Fibre Stress Check................................................... 8-50

8.2 Ultimate Load Check (ULS) .............................................................................. 8-52

8.2.1 Calculation Action for Ultimate Load Check ................................................ 8-52

9 Calculating the Construction Schedule ...................................................................... 9-54

9.1 Starting the Calculation ..................................................................................... 9-54

10 Result Presentation – Post-Processing ..................................................................... 10-55

10.1 Numerical Results ............................................................................................ 10-55

10.1.1 Standard Listings ..................................................................................... 10-55

10.1.2 Interactive Result Viewing ...................................................................... 10-56

10.2 Graphical Results ............................................................................................. 10-57

10.2.1 RMSets .................................................................................................... 10-57

10.2.2 Diagrams .................................................................................................. 10-59

10.2.3 Listings .................................................................................................... 10-60

10.2.4 RMSet in the Construction Schedule ....................................................... 10-61

10.3 Graphical Result Presentation.......................................................................... 10-62

10.3.1 Plot ........................................................................................................... 10-62

10.3.2 Plot Profiles in the Construction Schedule .............................................. 10-65

10.3.3 Interactive View of stress, force and displacment: .................................. 10-66

11 Exporting and Storing .............................................................................................. 11-68

11.1 Project Export .................................................................................................. 11-68

11.2 Leaving the Program........................................................................................ 11-70

RM Bridge General

Training Getting Started – RM – DIN 1-1


1 General

The following issues will be tackled in the following session in RM :

Schedule:

Starting the program

Description of interface

Importing material properties and variables

Definition of material properties

Definition of cross sections

Definition of structural system

Definition of tendon geometry

Definition of loading

Definition of traffic

Definition of one construction stage

Fibre stress check

Ultimate load check

Starting the calculation

Post processing

The following description of the necessary program input should be done simultaneously to

the program evaluation in RM.

RM Bridge General



1.1 The Tutorial

A two span T-beam girder will be prepared and analysed in the following.

The example consists of a straight, 60m long girder with a constant cross section. Each span

is 30m long.

1.2 Strucural System

A1 A3 30m

10x3m

A2

10x3m

30m

Axis in plan:

Straight line: Station: 0-60 m

Axis in elevation:

Straight line: Station: 0-60 m

System numbering:

Node numbers (span wise): 101-111-121

Element number (span wise): 101-110,111-120

Support elements: 1100, 1200, 1300

RM Bridge General



1.2.1 Support Scheme

A 1 A2

X

Z

101-110

A 3

111-120

1100 1200 1300

1.2.2 Cross Section

8.00 m

3.50 m 3.40 m

0.10 m

1.00 m

2.0

0 m

1.6

5 m

0.2

5 m

0.1

0 m

RM Bridge General



1.2.3 Tendon Geometry

Span 1 101 (9 Tendon) AT=1600mm2, AD=5000mm2 (101-112)

Span 2 102 (9 Tendon) –AT=1600mm2, AD=5000mm2 (109-120)

1.2.4 Tendon Characteristics

Friction losses: 0.20

Wobble factor: 0.20 [Deg/m]

Wedge slip: 6 mm = 0.006 m

Allowable stresses in tendon:

Stressing Before wedge After wedge Before wedge After wedge

fpk 1860000 0,8 0,7 1488000 1302000

fp0.1k 1674000 0,9 0,8 1506600 1339200

RM Bridge General



1.2.5 Material Properties

Material name :C_35/45

E-Modulus longitudinally 0.33300E+08

Poisson`s ratio 0.20000

Shear-Modulus 0.13875E+08

Coeff. of thermal expansion 0.10000E-04

Specific weight 25.00000

Coeff. of consistency 2

Degree of cement hardening 2

Water cement ratio 0.40000

Cement content in concrete 3.00000

Char.compr. cylinder strength of concrete at 28 days 35000.00000

Char.compr. cubic strength of concrete at 28 days 45000.00000

Mean value of concrete compresive strength 43000.00000

Mean value of axial tensile strength of concrete 3200.00000

Tension split strenght 2240.00000

Material name :BSt500-S(A)






Yield strength of reinforcement 0.50000E+06

Design yield strength of reinforcement 0.43478E+06

Relaxation class 0

Material name :Litzen-1570/1770






E-Modulus of prestressing 0.19500E+09

Stressing limit 0.12560E+07

Tensile strength of prestressing steel 0.17700E+07

Design tensile strength of prestressing steel 0.15391E+07

Relaxation class 0

RM Bridge General



1.3 Loading

1.3.1 Permanent Load

Self weight concrete: 25,0 kN/m3

Permanent load: 30,0 kN/m

1.3.2 Creep and Shrinkage:

Creep and Shrinkage will be considered according to EC2 (Austrian interpretation ÖNORM

B4750).

1.3.3 Additional Load

Temperature

Temperature coefficient: 1e-5 per °C

Temperature gradient: +10°C top

Wind

Transversal wind: 2.00 kN/m2

1.3.4 Traffic Load

To keep the input simple only one load train will be considered (~4*25t truck with uniform

load on 12m width).

15 [kN/m]

200 [kN]

2 [m] 2 [m]

15 [kN/m]

200 [kN]

2 [m]

RM Bridge Starting a Calculation



2 Starting a Calculation

After the export from Modeler to Analyzer a lot of relevant definitions such as node

coordinates, element, material and cross section assignment are already available.

Before defining further input data a check of the current situation is suggested. Use the cal-

culation-function to start a cross-section calculation and structure check. The calculation

can check the stability of the system and obtain the relevant cross-section parameters (area,

eccentric and moment of inertia).

2.1 Recalculate

Recalc

ula

te

The Recalc-button can

be found on the top of

view-window.

Sta

rt c

alc

ula

tion

Since there is no other

definition than the sys-

tem data available at

the moment it is suffi-

cient to select “Cross

section calculation” and

“Structure check” at

this stage.

To execute press Re-

calce




Sto

p

During the calculation

the status line (see

lower edge of RM win-

dow) shows the calcu-

lation progress. The

“Calculation stop” info

shows that the calcula-

tion has finished, no

errors and warnings

appeared.

2.2 First Results

The view of the structural system on the screen can be changed using either the buttons at

the left vertical menu line or using the freehand symbols (rotate, zooming in, zooming

out,….).

Select the “freehand

symbol” info button

from the main menu on

top of the screen to see

the available zooming

options.

Please use the “CTRL“

key together with the

left mouse button when

drawing the symbol on

the screen.

Select




Syste

m V

isualis

ation

After the system check

the screen view

changes with any

zooming action. The

structural parts can be

viewed now, the system

line is now shifted to

the correct position (at

the centre of gravity of

all cross sections.

Other available information now are cross-section properties (areas, inertias, ....). In order

to check these values, the following steps are required:

Cro

ss S

ection

Select “Properties” in

the navigation and

“Cross-Sections” in the

Sub menu to view all

cross-sections used in

the project.




Cro

ss S

ection -

Info

All values can be

checked here, like

Moment of Inertia,

cross section area,

shear area. Please note

that modifications can

be done here, but it is

recommended to do

that in Modeler in

order to have a consis-

tent data base.




2.3 View Options

In addition to the possibilities shown above (zoom in, zoom out, move,….) also other view

options are available.

Vie

ws

Pressing the right

mouse button whilst the

mouse cursor is in the

view area the following

menu pops up.

Select “View Options”.

Vie

w O

ptions

Several possibilities are

given to change the

point of view of your

construction. For ex-

ample; tick Draw cross

section and Draw ele-

ment bodies and you

get a complete 3D-

view, including your

defined cross section.

Cofirm

RM Bridge Material for PT Tendons



3 Material for PT Tendons

3.1 Import of Material

All materials that are defined in Modeler will be imported from the standard material da-

tabase to the project directory during an export from Modeler to Analyzer. Due to the

fact that the tendon definition has to be added in Analyzer the material used for the ten-

dons has to be imported from the available material database manually.

Import

of M

ate

ria

l

Select “File“ in the

main menu and “Re-

load Default Proper-

ties“ to open the listing

of available standards

and codes.

Import

of M

ate

ria

l

Select the wanted stan-

dard/code and double

click (name turns red)

the wanted material

(left column for “De-

fault database”).

Use to ap-

ply the selected mate-

rial to the current direc-

tory.




3.2 Definition of Tendon Geometry

The last missing part of the structural system are the tendons. The tendon creation and ge-

ometry assignment is done in the following:

Tendon D

ata

Select “Structure“,

“Tendons“ to open the

corresponding input

window.

Tendon G

eom

etr

y

All defined tendons

together with the prop-

erties are shown in the

upper listing (empty at

the moment). The

lower listing will show

the element assignment

and the geometry defi-

nition.

Select “Insert after” above the upper listing to open the following input window:




Tendon -

Pro

pe

rtie

s

The tendon group is

defined here.

In this example the

tendon 101 will be for

the PT in stage 1.

9 tendons will be in this

group, please define the

area for one tendon, for

one duct, Beta (see

Manuel) and friction

coefficient.

Confirm

Assig

nm

en

t

First the element for

tendon 101 will be de-

fined. Select “Assign-

ment“.

Select the “Insert after” button above the lower listing to open the input window.

Assig

nm

en

t

Tendon 101 will be

defined for the ele-

ments 101 to 112, this

corresponds to the acti-

vation of the first stage.

Confirm

Geom

etr

y

Change to “Geometry”

definition in the lower

listing.




The numeric input can be combined with an immediate graphic check. Select the „Info“

button above the lower listing to get both, the numeric and graphic input window.

Tendon g

eom

etr

y

The selected elements

(101 to 112) are shown

in the graphic field to-

gether with the cross

sections.

Gra

phic

The input can be con-

trolled by toggling be-

tween cross-section and

general view.

Select the “Insert after” button above the listing at the bottom.

Tendoon G

eom

etr

y

The frame shown at the left allows

the definition of:

- position of tendon inside

the elements

- tangent of tendon at loca-

tion.

x/l is the position inside the

element, the eccentricities ey

and ez define the offset.

Confirm

Select the “Insert after” button above the listing at the bottom to add a second line.




Tendoon G

eom

etr

y

Please see the input at

the left to define the

second input line. We

use the defined stress

point “SP-B“ as refer-

ence for the second

geometry point.

Confirm

Continue to select the “Insert after” button above the listing at the bottom to add all other

geometry points for the tendon geometry.

Input T

able

Tendon Number: 101

�Type: Type:

Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal

Ref. Elem.: 101 104 107 110 112

CS Pnt: - SP_B SP_B - -

x/l: 0 0 1 1 1

eY [m]: 0.00 0.25 0.20 0.00 0.00

eZ [m]: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Relative to: Elem CS Pnt. CS Pnt. Elem Elem

Alpha1: Frei Value Value Value Free

Value: - 0.00 0.00 0.00 -


Value: - 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

Relative to: Elem Elem Elem Elem Elem




Tendon -

Pro

pe

rtie

s

The second tendon

group (with number

“102”) will be for the

second stage.

Again the necessary

properties are defined.

Confirm

Assig

nm

en

t

Switch to “Assign-

ment” to define the

element for tendon 102.

Select the „insert after“ button above the lower listing the following input window comes

up:

Tendon A

ssig

nm

en

t

The tendon 102 will be

assigned to the ele-

ments 109 to 120.

Confirm

Geom

etr

y

Change to “Geometry“

for the geometry defini-

tion.




Continue to use the “Insert after” button to add all necessary input lines in the right or-

der.

Input T

able

Tendon No.: 102

�Type Type

Normal Normal Normal Normal Normal

Ref. Elem.: 109 110 113 117 120

C Pkt: - - ST_B ST_B -

x/l: 0 1 1 1 1

eY [m]: 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.25 0.00

eZ [m]: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Relative to: Elem Elem CS Pnt CS Pnt Elem


Value: - 0.00 0.00 0.00 -


Value: - 0.00 0.00 0.00 -

Relative to: Elem Elem Elem Elem Elem




3.3 Definition of Stressing Sequence

Once the tendon geometry is defined for all 3 tendon groups the stressing sequence will

follow (initial stressing, wedge slip,….).

All actions on the tendons are done in this table, please consider the right order!

Define the following actions:

1. Stress tendon group 101 with factor 1.06 (6% short term overstress) at one

(left) end.

2. Losses due to wedge slip at the same (left) end of 6 mm.

3. Stress the tendon group 101 at the right end again with a factor of 1.06.

4. Losses due to wedge slip at the same (right) end of again 6 mm.

Constr

uction s

chedule

Select “Schedule” from

the navigation tree and

“Stages” in the sub

menu.

Tendon

Select “Tendon” to

open the input window

for tendon actions.

Select “Insert after” to define the first stressing action.




Tendon A

ctio

n

As described above the

tendon 101 is stressed,

see input at the left.

The corresponding im-

pact on the structure

will be made available

in the Stress label

“CS1”.

Confirm




The next two actions refer to the right end of the tendon 101. The actions are similar to the

first ones.

Select “Insert after” to define the new stressing action. Please define the data as shown in

the table below:

Table

�Stress/Release: Stress/Release:

PREL - PRER -

Force/Factor: Factor - Factor -

Wedge slip: - WEDL - WEDR

Tendon: 101 101 101 101

Fact of SIGmax: 1.06 1 1

Wedge slip: - 0.006 - 0.006

Stress label: CS1 CS1 CS1 CS1

Description: - - - -

Select “Insert after” button to define the stressing sequence for tendon 102.

Table

�Stress/Release: Stress/Release:

PRER -

Force/Factor: Factor -

Wedge slip: - WEDR

Kabel: 102 102

Fact of SIGmax: 1 1

Wedge slip: - 0.006

Stress label: CS2 CS2

Description: - -

Str

essin

g A

ctions

The screen shot at the

left shows all necessary

stressing actions on

both tendons (101 and

102).




A graphical control is available when using the “Info“ button on top. Select the wanted

line in the input table and hit the button to see the corresponding graphic.

Tendon A

ction

The graphic shows the

normal force in the

tendon together with all

losses due to friction,

wobble and geometry.

The initial stressing as

well as the losses due

to wedge slip can be

viewed.

Tendon A

ction

Furthermore it is possi-

ble to see the influences

on the tendon force due

to further actions on the

structure (creep, other

PT, other loads,...).

Not available at this

stage of our example.

RM Bridge Load Definition



4 Load Definition

Each load is defined in an individual loading case.

An automatic accumulation of all loading case results is available using the Load man-

ager facilities.

The loading results can be combined to create needed load combinations.

These created combinations can be combined with other combinations to create total

envelopes.

Multiplication (safety) factors can be assigned to any result combination easily using a

combination table.

4.1 Load Management

Constr

. S

ched.

Select “Schedule“ in


“Load Definition” in

the sub menu to open

the relevant input win-

dow.

LM

ana

ge

Select “LManage“ in

the sub menu to see the

input table for the Load

Management.

select




Select the “Insert after“ button to define the first load type group. (G1).

LM

ana

ge –

G1

All loading cases iden-

tified with the LoadInfo

“G1“ will be accumu-

lated in the summation

loading case G1 and

DL-SUM (DL-Sum

contains all permanent

load, G1 will contain

the summation of self

weight only).

Confirm

Select the “Insert after“ button above the upper table to define the first input (G1).

Table

�Load Manag.: Load Manag.:

G1 G2 PT CS

Load Case 1: G1 G2 PT CS

Type: Total Total Total Total

Load Case 2: DL-SUM DL-SUM DL-SUM DL-SUM


Load Case 3: - - - -





4.2 Loading Case Definition

Constr

. S

ched.


the main menu and

“Load Definition“ in

the submenu to open

the load input.

Select “Load Case

Definition“ in the lower

table to see the relevant

tables for load input.

Select the “Insert after” button above the upper listing to open the first loading case (G1-

101).

LC

ase –

G1

Loading Case G1-101

will be used now for

the self weight defini-

tion of the main girder

at the first construction

stage. Note, if “Load

only elements, acti-

vated in current stage”

is chosen, no considera-

tion for element load-

ing needs to be done.(Is

automatically done by

activation of the ele-

ments.)

Use to switch the “Duration Type” (Permanent or Non-Permanent).

Select the pull down arrow at the right of the “Load Manag.“ input field to open the fol-

lowing input.




LM

ana

ge -

Lis

ting

Assign the new loading

case to one of the exist-

ing groups of the Load

Management. (G1, G2,

..). This information is

used to add the Lcase

results to the result ac-

cumulation.

Confirm

LC

ase L

isting

The Loading Case is

added in the upper list-

ing.

The actually load is

defined in the lower

listing.

Select the “Insert after“ button above the lower listing to the define the loading for the

first loading case (G1-101).

Lo

ad

da

ta

Select “Uniform load”

and “Self weight-just as

load“ to define the nec-

essary load.

Confirm




Self W

eig

ht

Define the elements to

be considered for the

self weight load. The

direction vector is sup-

posed to point in the

negative vertical global

direction. Note, all

elements are chosen

because “Load only

elements, activated in

current stage” is cho-

sen in the upper table.

Confirm

All other loadings are defined in the same way, please see the following tables.

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define one more Loading Case. Note, tick

“Load only elements, activated in current stage”!

Table

�Name: Name:

G1-101 G1-102

Duration-Type: P P

Loadmanag.: G1 G1

Description: Self weight for

stage1 Self weight for

stage2

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define one more Loading Case.

Table

�Name: Name:

G2-299

Duration-Type: P

Loadmanag.: G2

Description: Additional permanent load

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define two more Loading Cases.

Table

�Name: Name:

PT-501 PT-502

Duration-Type: P P

Loadmanag.: PT PT

Description: Pre-stressing

for stage1 Pre-stressing

for stage2

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define three more Loading Cases.




Table

�Name: Name:

CS-601 CS-602 CS-699

Duration-Type: P P P

Loadmanag.: CS CS CS

Description: Creep and Shrinkage

stage1

Creep and Shrinkage

stage2

Creep and Shrinkage for

t=oo

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define two more Loading Cases..

Table

�Name: Name:

LC-TG LC-W

Duration-Type: NP NP

Loadmanag.: - -

Description: Temperature-

gradient (+10°C)

Wind

Definition of the actual loading for the created loading cases. Select the relevant loading

case in the upper listing and use the “Insert after” button above the lower listing to define

the loading.

See the following table for the load input.

Select the “Insert after button above the lower listing to define the following loading.

LC

– S

elf W

eig

ht

�Loading Case: Loading Case:

G1-101 G1-102

Insert: Lower Listing Lower Listing

Actual loading: Uniform load Uniform load

Loading type: Self Weight Self Weight

Confirm: OK OK

From: 101 101

To: 120 120

Step: 1 1

Rx: - -

Ry: -1 -1

Rz: - -

Type: Real length Real length

Confirm: OK OK

All elements are se-

lected because of

„“Load only elements,

activated in current

stage” is activated.

(see page 4-25). It is

also possible to only

define the elements

from 101 to 112 for

the loadcase G1-101.




Chose a loading case in the upper listing and select the “Insert after“ for the lower listing

to define the other loading.

LC

– p

erm

anent lo

ad

�Loading case: Loading case:

G2-299

Insert: Lower Listing

Actual load: Uniform load

Loading type: Concentric load

Confirm: OK

From: 101

To: 120

Step: 1

Qx: -

Qy: -30.0

Qz: -

Type1: Global

Type2: Real length

Type3: Load/Length

unit

Confirm: OK

Choose a loading case in the upper listing and select the “Insert after“ for the lower list-

ing to define the other loading.

LC

– P

re-s

tressin

g


PT-501 PT-502


Actual load: Pre-

stressing Pre-

stressing

Loading type: Stress tendon Stress tendon

Confirm: OK OK

From: 101 102

To: 101 102

Step: 1 1

Type: Increment -

Force Increment -

Force

Confirm: OK OK



LC

– C

&S


CS-601 CS-602 CS-699

Insert: Lower Listing – not necessary

Lower Listing – not necessary

Lower Listing – not necessary






Additio

nal P

erm

anent Load


LC-TG

Loading case: LC-W

Insert: Lower Listing Insert: Lower Listing

Actual Load: Initial

Stress/Strain Actual Load: Uniform Load

Load Type: Temperature

load Load Type: Concentric load

Confirm: OK Confirm: OK

From: 101 From: 101

To: 120 To: 120

Step: 1 Step: 1

Alpha (1/C): 1e-005 Qx: -

DT-G (C): - Qy: -

DT-Y (C): 10.0 Qz: 2.00

H-Y (m): Global Typ1: Global

DT-Z (C): - Typ2: Real Length

H-Z (m): - Typ3: Qz – multiply

Load with Cs height

Confirm: OK Confirm: OK

RM Bridge Construction Schedule



5 Construction Schedule

Everything that is needed for a erection sequence simulation is grouped in this menu. Exist-

ing elements are activated according to the defined schedule.

The upper listing shows all available construction stages, the correct order is important!

The lower listing shows all elements activated in this construction stage. Previously and not

yet activated elements are not shown. Furthermore the activation age of the new elements is

shown.

5.1 Stage Actions and Activation

5.1.1 Definition of Individual Stages

Constr

. S

tages

Select “Schedule“ and

“Stages“ to define a

new stage.

Select “Insert after” above the upper listing to create a new construction stage.

Constr

. S

tage

Select a number or a

short name for the new

stage (Stage1).

confirm




Select “Insert after” above the upper listing to create all other new construction stages.

Table

�Name: Name:

Stage1 Stage2 Stage99 AddLoads

List: - - - -

Duration: - - - -

Description: Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Add. Loads




5.1.2 Activation of the New Stages

Constr

. S

tage

For each new stage the

corresponding elements

for activation will be

defined now (lower

listing). Select stage 1

in the upper listing.

Activation

Select “Insert after” above the lower listing to activate the elements for stage 1.

Activation

For stage 1 the ele-

ments 101 to 112 will

be activated. Not to

forget the support ele-

ments 1100 and 1200!

Confirm

Select “Insert after” above the lower listing to activate the elements for stage 2, select

stage 2 in the upper listing first!

Activation

�Constr. Stage: Constr. Stage:

Stage1 Stage1


Type: Active Active

From: 101 1100

To: 112 1200

Step: 1 100

Age: 14 14

ts: - -

Confirm: OK OK




Activation


Stage2 Stage2


Type: Active Active

From: 113 1300

To: 120 1300

Step: 1 100

Age: 14 14

ts: - -

Confirm: OK OK

5.1.3 Calculation Actions for Each Stage

Action

Change from “Activa-

tion” to “Schedule Ac-

tion”.

Select “Insert after” in the lower listing to define the first action for stage 1 (select stage

1 in upper listing first!).




Actions

Several groups for ac-

tions are available.

Each one contains the

available action for the

specific group.

You remember the

Load manager? The

loading cases defined

there need to be initial-

ised (set results in this

sum loading cases to

„0‟) first. Do this as a

first step at the begin of

the calculation. Select

the group

“LC/Envelope actions“

and the function

“LcInit“.

Confirm

Actions

The input field “Out-

put1” is used to define

the loading case G1.

Confirm

Select “Insert after“ above the lower listing to define all other actions for this first stage.




Actions –

Sta

ge1


Stage1 Stage1 Stage1 Stage1 Stage1

Insert: Untere Liste Untere Liste Untere Liste Untere Liste Untere Liste

Action: LC/Envelope Actions

LC/ En-velope Ac-

tions

LC/ En-velope Ac-

tions

LC/ En-velope Ac-

tions

LC/ En-velope Ac-

tions

Type: LcInit LcInit LcInit LcInit LcInit

Confirm: OK OK OK OK OK

Input 1: - - - - -

Input 2: - - - - -

Input 3: - - - - -

Output 1: G1 G2 PT CS DL-SUM

Output 2: - - - - -

Delta-T: - - - - -

Description: - - - - -


Actions –

Sta

ge1



Insert: Lower Listing Lower Listing Lower Listing Lower Listing Lower Listing

Action: Calcula-tion (Static)

Calcula-tion (Static)




Type: Calc Stress Calc Grout Creep


Input 1: G1-101 - PT-501 101 1

Input 2: - CS1 - - -

Input 3: - - - - -

Output 1: - - - - CS-601

Output 2: * - * - *

Delta-T: - - - - 28



Select “Insert after” to define further actions for the stages.

Actions –

Sta

ge2









Type: Calc Stress Calc Grout Creep


Input 1: G1-102 - PT-502 102 1

Input 2: - CS2 - - -

Input 3: - - - - -

Output 1: - - - - CS-602

Output 2: * - * - *

Delta-T: - - - - 28







Actions –

Sta

ge99


Stage99 Stage99




Type: Calc Creep

Confirm: OK OK

Input 1: G2-299 1

Input 2: - -

Input 3: - -

Output 1: - CS-699

Output 2: * *

Delta-T: - 10000

Description: - -

Confirm: OK OK


Actions –

AddL

oads


AddLoads AddLoads AddLoads AddLoads

Insert: Lower Listing Lower Listing Lower Listing Lower Listing



LC/envelope actions

LC/ en-velope ac-

tions

Type: Calc Calc SupInit SupAndXLc

Confirm: OK OK OK OK

Input 1: LC-TG LC-W - Wind.sup

Input 2: - - - LC-W

Input 3: - - - -

Output 1: - - Wind.sup -

Output 2: * * - *

Delta-T: - - - -



All kind of graphics will be explained in chapter 12.

RM Bridge Traffic



6 Traffic

6.1 Traffic Load Definition

The traffic load in this example does not correspond with any specific design code, we are

explaining the principles here.

Constr

. S

chedule

- L

an

e



“Load Definition“ in

the sub menu.

Select “Traffic Lanes“

in the menu at the bot-

tom to see the listing of

traffic lanes (empty).

Select

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define the first lane.

La

ne

1

Select “Number“ 1 for

the first lane.

Confirm

RM Bridge Traffic



Select “Insert after“ above the lower listing to define the position of lane 1.

La

ne

1

MACROs are available

for input of lanes for

element series. The

listing at the left shows

all these Macros (unit

loads for the influence

line calculation are

established according

to the vehicle posi-

tions).

Select „Macro2‟ for

Lanes that are eccentric

to the main girder.

Confirm

La

ne

1

The empty listing for

Macro 2 appears.

Click “Insert after” to

define the element se-

ries.

Insert

La

ne

1

Define the values as

shown at the left.

This input shows an

eccentricity of -2m for

the lane 1 along the

elements 101 to 120.

RM Bridge Traffic



Confirm

Confirm the input <OK>

Close the input window <cancel>.

La

ne

1

The new lane is shown

in the upper listing. The

corresponding unit load

positions are shown in

the lower listing.

Confirm

The second lane is nearly the same, except the offset is +2m.

La

ne

2

Define the values as

shown at the left.

This input shows an

eccentricity of +2m for

the lane 1 along the

elements 101 to 120.

Confirm

Confirm input with <OK>.

Close input with <cancel>.

The lane definitions are now complete.

RM Bridge Traffic



Next Step will be the load train definition.

LT

rain

Select “Load trains“ to

open the input window.

Select

All load train are shown in the upper listing. The lower listing shows the details for each

load train.

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define the first load train.

LT

rain

Default proposal is ok

„1‟.

Note: some codes have

different factors for

minimum and maximum

traffic load evaluation.

Confirm

RM Bridge Traffic



LT

rain

In our example the traf-

fic load consist of uni-

form load of 15kN/m

and two concentrated

loads of 200kN each.

Two meters before and

2m after the conc.

Loads no uniform load

will be applied. See

load scheme at the left.

Select “Insert after“ above the lower listing to define the load train as discussed.

LT

rain

First define the uniform

load (-15.0 kN/m). The

actual load will be ap-

plied according to the

influence line.

Confirm

Select “Insert after“ above the lower listing to define all other loads for this load train.

15 [kN/m]

200 [kN]

2 [m] 2 [m]

15 [kN/m]

200 [kN]

2 [m]

Input 1

Input 2

Input 3

Input 4

Input 5

RM Bridge Traffic



Table

�Load train: Load train:

1 1 1 1 1


Q [kN/m]: -15.0 - - - -15.0

F [kN]: - - -200.0 -200.0 -

Input 1: - - - - -

Input 2: Free

Length - - -

Free

Length

L-from: - 2 2 2 -

L-to: - 2 2 2 -

L-step: - 2 2 2 -


RM Bridge Traffic



6.2 Calculation Actions for Construction Stage

Constr

. S

chedule


“Stages” and “Activa-

tions“ to define a new

construction stage for

the traffic load calcula-

tion.

Select “Insert“ to define a new stage.

Table

�Name: Name:

TRAFFIC

List: -

Duration.: -

Description: Traffic load

No activation necessary (everything is already active).

Action

Select “Schedule Ac-

tion“ to define the nec-

essary input

RM Bridge Traffic



Select “Insert after“ above the lower listing to define the needed actions for traffic load

calculation.

Table

�Constr. stage: Constr. stage:

TRAFFIC TRAFFIC TRAFFIC

Insert: Lower Listing Lower Listing v

Action: LC/Envelope action

LC/Envelope action

LC/Envelope action

Type: SupInit SupInit SupInit

Confirm: OK OK OK

Input 1: - - -

Input 2: - - -

Input 3: - - -

Output 1: Lane1.sup Lane2.sup Traffic.sup

Output 2: - - -

Delta-T: - - -

Description: - - -

Confirm: OK OK OK

Select “Insert after“ above the lower listing to define the needed actions for traffic load

calculation.

Table


TRAFFIC TRAFFIC TRAFFIC TRAFFIC






Type: Infl Infl LivelL LivelL


Input 1: 1 2 1 2

Input 2: - - 1 1

Input 3: - - - -

Output 1: lane0001.inf lane0002.inf Lane1.sup Lane2.sup

Output 2: * * - -

Delta-T: - - - -



Table


BAVERK BAVERK

Insert: Lower List Lower List

Action: LC/Envelope action

LC/Envelope action

Type: SupAddSup SupAddSup

Confirm: OK OK

Input 1: Traffic.sup Traffic.sup

Input 2: Lane1.sup Lane2.sup

Input 3: - -

Output 1: - -

Output 2: * *

Delta-T: - -

Description: - -

Confirm: OK OK

RM Bridge Traffic



RM Bridge Load Combinations for Design Code Checks



7 Load Combinations for Design Code Checks

7.1 Combination Table

Constr

. S

ched.-

Com

b.


“Load Definition“ to

open the load input

definitions.

Select “Load Combina-

tion“ to see the combi-

nation table.

Select “Insert after“ to define iput tin the combination table.

Com

bin

ations

Select “Load Case“ and

the corresponding load

group (G1 – Self

weight).

Using the combination

law “SupAddLc“ result

from the selected load-

ing cases will added to

create a load combina-

tion.

Confirm




Select “Insert after“ to define the following combination table input.

Table

�Comb. Table: Comb. Table:

Result Type: LCase LCase LCase LCase

Name: G1 G2 PT CS

Comb. Law: SupAddLc SupAddLc SupAddLc SupAddLc

favourable I: 1 1 1 1

unfavourable I: 1 1 1 1

favourable II: 1.35 1.35 1 1

unfavourable II: 1.35 1.35 1 1

favourable III: - - - -

unfavourable III: - - - -


Table

�Comb. Table: Comb. Table:

Result Type: LCase superpo-

sition superpo-

sition

Name: LC-TG Wind.sup Traffic.sup

Comb. Law: SupAddLc SupAddSup SupAddSup

favourable I: 1 1 1

unfavourable I: 1 1 1

favourable II: 0.8 0.8 1.5

unfavourable II: 0.8 0.8 1.5

favourable III: - - -

unfavourable III: - - -

Confirm: OK OK OK

7.2 Calculation Actions for Load Combinations

Constr

. S

ched.


“Stages“ to open the

listing of stages.

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define a new stage where the load combi-

nations will be defined.




Table

�Name: Name:

Comb

List file: -

Duration.: -

Description: Load Combination

Action


tions“ to open to start

the action input for load

combination.

Select

Select “Insert after“ above the lower listing to open the input window.

Table


Comb Comb

Insert: Lower List Lower List

Action: LC/envelope action

LC/envelope action

Type: SupComb SupComb

Confirm: OK OK

Input 1: 1 2

Input 2: - -

Input 3: - -

Output 1: Comb1.sup Comb2.sup

Output 2: - -

Delta-T: - -

Description: - -

Confirm: OK OK

RM Bridge Design Code Checks



8 Design Code Checks

8.1 Fibre Stress Checks (SLS)

8.1.1 Calculation Actions for Fibre Stress Check

Constr

. S

ched.



new stage for the fibre

stress checks.

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define a new stage.

Table

�Name: Name:

SLS

List file: -

Duration.: -

Description: Fibre stress check

Action


tion“ to define the nec-

essary actions.




Select

Select “Insert after“ above the lower listing to define the necessary actions.

Table


SLS

Insert: Lower Listing

Action: Check

Actions (UE)

Type: FibSup

Confirm: OK

Input 1: Comb1.sup

Input 2: 1

Input 3: -

Output 1: -

Output 2: *

Delta-T: -

Description: -

Confirm: OK




8.2 Ultimate Load Check (ULS)

8.2.1 Calculation Action for Ultimate Load Check

Constr

. S

tage



new stage for this part.

Select “Insert after“ above the upper listing to define a new stage for the ultimate load

check.

Table

�Name: Name:

ULS

List file: -

Duration.: -

Description: Ultimate load check

Action


tions“ to open the input

window.

Select




Select “Insert after“ above the lower listing to define the necessary actions.

Table


ULS ULS ULS ULS


Action: LC/Envel

pe action Checking action (Sup)

Checking action (Sup)

Checking action (Sup)

Type: SupInit ReiIni UltSup UltSup


Input 1: - - Comb2.sup Comb2.sup

Input 2: - - Rein UltMz

Input 3: - - - -

Output 1: Ult-

Comb2.sup - -

Ult-Comb2.sup

Output 2: - - * *

Delta-T: - - - -



RM Bridge Calculating the Construction Schedule



9 Calculating the Construction Schedule

After the definition of all necessary construction stages the calculation can be started. Such

a calculation can be done at any time, all available data will be considered. All actions in

the construction schedule will be calculated.

9.1 Starting the Calculation

Syste

m C

alc

ula

tion

Klick the Recalc-button

on the top of view win-

dow to open the calcu-

lation-options.

Before the calculation

can actually be started,

the definitions for

“SumLC“ for the sum-

mation loading case

“DL-SUM“ needs to be

defined.

Start the calculation by

clicking <Recalc>.

Recalc

RM Bridge Result Presentation – Post-Processing



10 Result Presentation – Post-Processing

Any kind of result (forces, displacement, stresses,..) can be displayed numerically or

graphically. In case graphics should be created during the stages the corresponding actions

need to be added in the appropriate stage as calculation action.

10.1 Numerical Results

10.1.1 Standard Listings

Several list files are generated automatically during the run of the calculation. The results of

the loading cases (and others) can be viewed using the editor. All these listing contain dis-

placements and internal forces for nodes, elements and tendons.

Additionally list files containing information about structural data, material, cross section

and stressing action + tendon geometry are available. (struct.lst, material.lst, cross.lst,

stress.lst, ..).

Select “TextPad“ to load one of the files (top of screen).

RM

Set

- N

ew

Select the sub directory

for “(Default Sched-

ule)“ and the wanted

file.

Open

The textpad editor opens and allows to view the results files.




10.1.2 Interactive Result Viewing

All results can be viewed interactively as well. The following procedure shows how to do

this.

Results

Select “Results“ and

“Loading Cases“ to

open the spread sheet

for results.

LC

ase R

esults

The shown listing

shows the local internal

forces for loading case

G1. Please feel free to

change LCase and all

other buttons on the

screen.

Minimum and Maximum results can be searched, too.

The results from Pre-Stressing and Creep&Shrinkage loading cases are available in three

ways:

Primary: P*e state for PT and distribution forces for C&S.

Secondary: Secondary effects for PT and C&S.

Total: Primary + Secondary = Total.

Selecting “Diagram“ (bottom right) the wanted result component can be displayed graphi-

cally in an easy way.

Select “Results“ and “Envelopes“ to view the results of superposition files in the same way.




10.2 Graphical Results

10.2.1 RMSets

For a quick and easy to use graphical viewing of internal forces, displacements, stresses and

reinforcement there exists the possibility to define so called „RMSets‟. With some few

commands such a plot can be defined, viewed and also incorporated in the Construction

schedule.

RM

Sets

Select “Properties“ and

“RMSets“ to define one

or several groups for

graphic (and numeric)

result presentation.

RM

Sets

The upper listing shows

the names for the rele-

vant RMSets (empty at

the moment). All

RMSets can be used in

the run of the construc-

tion stages as well. Feel

free to add the accord-

ing action at any time

in the stage definitions.

The RMSets will pro-

duce graphics and list-

ings.




Select “Insert after “ above the upper listing to define a new RMSet.

RM

Set

- N

ew

This new RMSet is

supposed to show the

ending moment MZ at

the end of the first con-

struction stage.

(Stage1-Mz).

Confirm

Select the “Info“ button to open the interactive input pad.

Ele

ment

Lis

te

Select Elements and Nodes to define the elements to be plotted.

Select “Element of a

group“: MG“.

After all elements are

defined, confirm input

with “insert before”“.




Ele

ment

Lis

ting

Select “Load Cases” to define the wanted Loading Case.

Select Load Case “DL-

SUM“.

Select the wanted result

component - “Mz“.

Select “insert before”

Save all RMSet defini-

tions using “Save“.

10.2.2 Diagrams

RM

Set P

lott

ing

For the defined con-

figuration a name for

the resulting graphic

file can be chosen.

Define „Dgm-CS1-

Mz.pl“

To see the result of

your settings press

“plot diagram file”




10.2.3 Listings

RM

Set P

rin

ting

For the defined con-

figuration a name for

the resulting list file

can be chosen.

Define „Rep-CS1-

Mz.lst“

To see the result of

your settings press

“write to report file”




10.2.4 RMSet in the Construction Schedule

Ele

ment

Lis

ting

RMSets can be incor-

porated in the construc-

tion schedule. When

ever the a result during

the calculation should

be stored graphically or

numerically a corre-

sponding action can be

inserted.

The action “DgmSet“ is

used to use an RMSet

for a diagram plot.

The action “DoRep“ is

used to use an RMSet

for a result listing.

Confirm




10.3 Graphical Result Presentation

Plo

ttin

g

Select “Results“, “Plot“

and “Directory” to

show all existing

graphics.

10.3.1 Plot

Plot contains following types:

Directory: All Rm-Sets are listed here as a plot.

Plot Container: One or several Plots with RM Plot-Definitions. (see below)

RMSet: All RM-Sets are listed

PLSYS: A listing of ASCII *.rm files that might exist from earlier RM versions.

C&S: Kreep and Shrinkage

Select “Plot Container“ and open a new Plot-Container.

Plo

t C

onta

iner

Select a new name or

accept the one pro-

posed by the program.

Confirm




Plo

t P

rofil

Press “Insert After”

Plo

t P

rofil

Select a new name or

accept the one pro-

posed by the program.

Confirm

Similarly prepared standard plots of structure and results can be created using several Mac-

ros.

Macro

Select “Macro“ to cre-

ate a standard plot.

Select




Macro

Select “Loading case

result“ to show results

from a loading case.

The input field for

“Plot Profile“ is used to

save the created input.

Press: Run Macro

Macro

Select the elements to

be shown (Group:

MG).

Select the results to be

shown together with

the elements (Dis-

placments and Force)

Dependent on the Plot-Container type the plot editor opens when hitting the“ Info“ button.

Modifications or additional definitions can be done in here.

Select the“ Info“ button to open the plot content (= plot editor).

The plot editor allows the definition or modification of graphics and plot profiles. The re-

sult will be a plot file. These plot files contain paper size (page) and one or several views.

The views it selves contain one or several objects.

Three levels can be defined or modified. The most important modify, copy and delete func-

tions can be selected in the upper menu line or via the right mouse button.




10.3.2 Plot Profiles in the Construction Schedule

Plo

ttin

g

Plot Profiles can also

be inserted in the con-

struction stages at any-

time at any position.

The action “DoPlot“ is

used to define an exist-

ing plot container and

an existing plot profile

in order to create a plot

file.

Plo

ttin

g

Use the arrow next to

the input field to select

a plot container and a

plot profile.

Use input1 and iput2 to

define eventually exist-

ing variables in the plot

profile.

Confirm




10.3.3 Interactive View of stress, force and displacment:

Plo

ttin

g

Right click with your

mouse in the middle of

the window gives you

the following menu, as

shown in the right fig-

ure.

Select “View Options”

Plo

ttin

g

Tick “Draw cross sec-

tions” and “Draw CS

mesh”

Tick “Draw element

bodies” and Draw de-

tailed bodies”

Tick “Result” and press

“Choose”




Plo

ttin

g

Set “Load Case” as

DL-SUM.

Tick Stresses and fi-

nally press OK

Plo

ttin

g

The figure on the left

side shows the stress-

distribution in the ele-

ments (red colour

means high- green col-

our low stresses).

It can be easily

switched to a force- or

displacement distribu-

tion (see picture be-

low).

RM Bridge Exporting and Storing



11 Exporting and Storing

11.1 Project Export

All data (cross sections, material, system, schedules,….) can written into an ASCII file with

a special (and very powerful) format. RM uses TCL, a special script programming language

to work on existing ASCII files.

Export

Select “File“ and “Ex-

port TCL Project Data“

to create the ASCII file.

No results, only input

data is stored.




Export

Define a new file name

which will contain all

data after the export.

Additional selections

can be ticked as you

can see at the left (to

export certain parts of

the data only).

After confirmation the

ASCII file can be

opened using the editor

button in the main

menu. View it, and if

something is modified,

re-import it into RM

(Recalc must be run

then to update the re-

sults).

Confirm




11.2 Leaving the Program

Fin

ish R

M

Feel free to add any

data at any place and

using other available

descriptions (training

examples, manuals,…).

If no additional data is

defined the session can

be closed and RM can

be finished.

Select “File“ and “Exit

RM“.

After clicking „Exit RM’ the session will be closed automatically. All data that have been

input before are automatically stored in the database. To store all necessary information that

have been defined up to this state there exists also the possibility to export the data to a

„TCL‟ file which can be imported at any time into any directory later on.

rm e getting started din

Documents

load definition

started rm

started rm din

din rm bridge training

definition of tendon

permanent load

additional load

traffic load