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green, greener, greenest
Robert LuthDamen Ferries
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Project “ms Groenland”
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green, greener, greenest
DAMEN E3 Ferry, an Assessment of Sustainable RoPax Ferry Concepts
This work is part of the iTransfer project, which is funded by the North Sea Region programme, part of the EU Inter-regional (Interreg)
initiative and the European Regional Development Fund
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DAMEN E3 Philosophy
Environmentally Friendly
Efficient in Operation
Economically ViablePROFIT
PLANET
PEOPLE
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Less Energy = CO2 reduction -/- 50% No SOXNo PMSignificant NOX reduction
Targets
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Sustainability @ DAMEN
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decision making model for sustainable ferry development
step 1 minimize energy needfleet adjustment
increase fleet to decrease energy consumption of the fleet.
operational speedincrease sailing time to maximum acceptable
reduce turn around time in favour of speed reduction
shorten crossing economizer type auto pilot training of captains
weight reductionaluminium construction HT steel Composite construction light weight interior minimize bunkers minimize equipment remove inventories such
as sparesreduce empty space make your vessel sleak
hull form improvementreduce beam catmaran hull Maximize waterline length
Reduce climat controlreduce sun radiation on windows
close parts of accommodation during down time
Electrical consumptionLED lighting increase the use of day
lightuse of outside climate reduce on board vending /
catering
step 2 energy recourcesSources
Internal Cumbustion Engines (ICE)
batteries + shore supply + peak shaving
waste heat recovery solar / wind fly wheel as alt to batteries
Energy systemmechanical drive FPP mechanical drive CPP electrical drive ICE - electrical hybrid DC platform + PM engines
step 3 minimize emmissionsFuel
Diesel EN 590 low sulpher
LNG CNG Methanol
treatmentSelective Catalyst Reducer (SCR)
SCR + filter Boil off gas turbine
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Energy consumption
05
10152025303540
[%]
MS BENCHMARK Energy consumption
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Steel MH → Alu MH → Alu CAT
0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40
Pow
er
FnL [-]
Power vs. FnL
STEEL MH
ALU MH
ALU CAT
•-15%•(-10%)
•-40%•(-30%)
•Desired speed
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PROPULSION CONCEPTS
Alt. 1 Diesel Direct + SCR + DPF + generator sets
Alt. 2 LNG – Electrical propulsion
Alt. 3 LNG direct propulsion
Base: Diesel Direct + generator sets
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Energy Consumption Comparison
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
Rela
tive
Ener
gy C
onsu
mpt
ion
Diesel Direct
Diesel Direct +SCR+DPF
LNG Electric
LNG Direct
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LNG vs Diesel Engine Efficiency
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Effic
ienc
y
Power
LNG EngineMHI GS 12R-PTK Miller
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Effic
ienc
y
Power
Diesel EngineMTU 16 V2000 M61
•No LNG engines available for Gas-Direct at the time of this project (mid. 2012)
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
NOX(x10 kg)
SOX(x0.1 kg)
PM(kg)
CO2(ton)
CH4 (x10kg)
CO2, eq(ton)
Mas
s
Exhaust Gas Component
Emissions Comparison
Diesel Direct
Diesel Direct + SCR + DPF
LNG Electric
LNG Direct
Emissions comparison
•Calculated withdata availablemid. 2012.
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Total cost of ownership calculation
82%
18%
CAPEX vs. OPEX
Total OPEXTotal CAPEX
32%
21%12%
10%
8%
4%
3%3%
2% 2%
Operational Expenditures
Diesel gas oil
Manning
Technical assistance
Insurance
Planned maintenance
Modifications
Docking
Classification and Port State Control
Lubrication oil
Food & beverages
Inventory articles
CMMS
Tools
Training
Typical cost-profile of commercial vessels
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• MGO EN 590 = (USD 864/ton) = E 0,137/kWh
• HFO 380 = (USD 864/ton) = E 0,084/kWh
• LNG = (65% of EN 590) = E 0,089/kWh
• Aardgas (NL) = E 0,110/kWh
• E-shore supply = E 0,062/kWh
Notes• Price level may 2013• Fuel prices vary +/-25%• LNG is linked to cost of MGO in many cases• E-shore supply based on Delta energy NL.• Aardgas based on retail price and quality “Dutch gas”
Fuel cost today
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Life Cycle Cost
Time, i.e. fuel consumption
•Cos
t
•CAPEX DD
•CAPEX LNG elec
•Three parameters influence the economical feasability:
•(1) Add. investment cost LNG system, (2) Price difference LNG and fuel oil, (3) Operational profile of the vessel.
•CAPEX DD + SCR+ DPF
•CAPEX LNG direct
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Future of energy
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Think big
• Fleet management (2 small vessels instead of 1 large)
• Reduce energy demand, decrease speed, decrease weight etc.
• Total vessel concept
• Fuel consumption and cost is key
• LNG direct drive
conclusions
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A lot of work to be done
• LNG equipment needs further development
• LNG cost development(s) uncertain
• LNG infrastructure slowly developing but forward
• Significant gain can be reached with new ferry concepts that
integrate shore logistics and water transport
• Electric power from shore supply & energy storage
• Battery developments including super capacitors
• Waste heat energy
conclusions
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•CONTACT DETAILS:•Damen Shipyards Gorinchem Phone +31 (0) 183 63 99 11•PO Box 1 Fax +31 (0) 183 63 95 05•4200 AA Gorinchem E-mail [email protected] •The Netherlands Website www.damen.nll