rohde & schwarz ota test system solutions 1spv-ko | 2005/06 | 1 ota „over the air“ test...
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ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |1
OTA „Over The Air“Test System Solutions for Wireless Devices
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |2
Agenda Part 1: OTA
OTA performance standards
Covered wireless standards
CTIA RF-Tests and parameters
System Solutions “Rohde & Schwarz TS9970”
Part 2: EMC EMC-Tests of 3G mobile communication products
Overview of Wireless standards
EMC RF-Tests and parameters
System Solutions “Rohde & Schwarz TS9976/TS9982”
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |3
OTA Performance-Standards
CTIA 2.1OTA Performancefor GSM, CDMA
USA
COST 273 SWG 2.2OTA Performancefor GSM / UMTS
Europe
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Covered Wireless Standards
GSM
•GSM 850
•GSM 900
•E-GSM
•R-GSM
•GSM 1800
•GSM 1900
International
1xEV-DV
1xEV-DO
WCDMA-3GPP/FDD[UTRA TDD HCR]
WCDMA-3GPP/TDD
Digital Cellular Phones / Data
TDMA[IS-136]
D-AMPS[IS-54]
America
cdmaOne[IS-95]
cdma2000
International
Wireless LAN & Broadband Wireless Access
International
BluetoothIEEE
802.11a/e/h/i
IEEE802.11b/e/i
IEEE802.11g
IEEE802.15.3a
[UWB]
IEEE802.15.4
[ZIGBEE]
IEEE802.16
[Wireless MAN]
IEEE802.16a
[WIMAX]
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |5
OTAOver The Air
OTA RF Performance Parameters
TRPTotal Radiated
Power
TISTotal Isotropic
Sensitivity
3DRadiation Pattern
MEGMean Effective
Gain
MERPMean Effective Radiated Power
MERSMean Effective
Radiated Sensitivity
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |6
CTIA RF-Tests and parameters
CTIA Tests OverviewSection 1: Introduction
Section 2: Scope of measurements
Section 3: Test site characteristics & quiet zone accuracy(Chamber performance)
Section 4: Range reference measurement(path loss of test system with calibrated antenna)
Section 5: Test procedure radiated power (TRP)
Section 6: Test procedure receiver performance (TIS)
Section 7: Measurement Uncertainty
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |7
CTIA RF-Tests and parameters
TRP Parameters3D Integration of radiated power over sphere
Measured with 15° steps
without Theta θ= 0° and 180°
264 measurements per polarization
TRP is the single figure of merit
EUT Mode is stand-alone without any cables
-15 0 10 25
0 °
180 °
270
°
90 °
Radiated Power [dBm]
MES UmtsRp01_9263_105°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_120°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_135°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_150°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_165°_h MES UmtsRp01_9263_180°_h
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |8
Total
Po
wer
(d
Bm
)
12
26
14
16
18
20
22
24
X
Z
Y
Azimuth = 90.0Elevation = -90.0Roll = -90.0
CTIA RF-Tests and parameters
TIS Parameters3D Integration of receiver sensitivity over sphere
TIS, is utilizing BER or FER (Frame Error Rate)
TIS has to measured in 30° stepswithout Theta θ= 0° and 180°
60 measurements per polarization
TIS is a single figure of merit
EUT Mode is stand-alone without any cables
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |9
CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTwo methods are used for scanning the UT
Conical CutGreat Circle Cut
Conical Cut:
The UT rotates on the long axis (azimuth phi Φ) and the measurement antenna moves (elevation theta θ), above and below the level of the UT for each rotation.
Great Circle Cut:
The measurement antenna is fixed and the UT rotates in two axes (azimuth phi Φ and elevation theta θ) in sequential order.
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |10
CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTypical Setup for a Conical Cut
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |11
CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTypical Setup for a Great Circle Cut
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersMeasurement antenna:
must be capable of two orthogonal linear polarizations,simultaneous measurement recommended (repositioning errors)
Conditions: (1)Free Space (2)Simulated use (with SAM head phantom) (3)left and right ear(4)Extended and retracted EUT antenna (if applicable)
Phantomcompletely filled (bubble size Ø < 25 mm) weekly checks of liquid
Measurements on all EUT configurations (i.e. battery packs) unless demonstrated, that effect is negligible
FER / BER reported from mobile to base station generator (if applicable)
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersEUT antenna positioned at the centre of the sphere.Rotation around Ear reference point, alternative: rotation point centre of phantom (additional uncertainty → CTIA G.7.1)
Polar coordinates - independent from test procedureMeasurement data weighed by sin θ
Great Circle Cut:TIS: 6 Theta-cuts (T0, T30, …, T150)
T0: Test ear closest to the ground (Reason: Definitively no air bubble)
TRP: 10 Theta-cuts T0, T15, …, T165
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site characteristics:Minimum test distance from antenna phase centre,(alternative: tip of antenna):
Cellular (824 – 894 MHz) > 1,09 mPCS (1850 – 1990 MHz) > 1,19 m
The strictest of the 3 Far field criteria's should be taken
Near field measurements will be considered, when they have demonstrated to be adequate.
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy: Ripple testVerification of system performance,
especially reflectivity of chamber
inclusive all installations (e.g. Positioner)
All equipment used for normal testing shall be in place
Two different tests:
Theta axis ripple test
Phi axis ripple test
Ripple test value should be < 1 dB
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test equipment:Sleeve Dipole and Loop antenna optimized for:
Test frequencies 836,5 1MHz, 1880 1MHz
asymmetry < 0,1 dB in azimuth
Low dielectric support structure (for positioning the probe antennas)
Measurement antenna(e.g. Horn or dipole used during antenna measurements)
Signal Generator / Spectrum Analyzer or Network Analyzer
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test equipment:Probe symmetry test:
Qualification of the symmetry of the probe antennas
With azimuth scan of 2° step size
The probe symmetry is not part of the ripple test but a certification step to ensure that the probe satisfy the ripple test.
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Phi Φ axis ripple test:
Quiet zone cylinder 300 mm Ø and 300 mm longPositions Phi Φ axis: -150, 0, + 150 mmOffset: centre and circle 150 mm (6 positions)Azimuth rotation, measurement every 2°, Theta
θ= 90° constant Measurement antenna co polarizedlow permittivity dielectric supportsignal > 40 dB over noise floorfile export to excel
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Phi Φ axis test geometry:
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Theta θ axis test:
Offset 150 mm in each axis (Seven positions)
Theta θ rotation -165° - 165°
Step size 2°
Phi Φ=0°
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Theta θ axis test geometry:
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |22
CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Allowances and adjustments to Phi Φ axis:
Several exceptions for other measurement points, angular stepping etc.
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTest site accuracy, test procedure:Allowances and adjustments to Phi Φ axis:
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRange reference measurements:Reference measurement precondition for TRP, EIRP, TIS or EISTypically dipole or standard gain horn as Substitution
Antenna Under Test (AUT) Measurement for each polarisation and possible signal pathRepeated at least annually (recommendation monthly or
quarterly) and in case of site changes
Recommendations: Low uncertainty precision calibrated sleeve dipole < 2,5 GHzStandard gain horn > 2,5 GHz, other antennas possible Cable, ferrite bead treated and routed, to minimize effectsAttenuators (3 to 10 dB) to reduce VSWR effects
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRange reference measurements:Test frequencies (at least):
BANDFrequency
DesignationFrequency
(MHz)Cellular CH1 - TX 824
Cellular CH1 – RX 869
Cellular CH2 – TX 836
Cellular CH2 – RX 881
Cellular CH3 – TX 849
Cellular CH3 – RX 894
PCS CH4 – TX 1850
PCS CH4 – RX 1930
PCS CH5 – TX 1880
PCS CH5 – RX 1960
PCS CH6 – TX 1910
PCS CH6 – RX 1990
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRange reference measurements:Test procedure:
Two steps Reference calibration Cable
Range Reference Test
Signal Generator
Spectrumanalyzer
r
PISO GRAGMA
PMAPRA
PSGPRX
PTEclTE-RX
clMA-TE clSG-RA
PL Total Path Loss
Signal Generator
Spectrumanalyzer
PSGPRX clTE-RX clSG-RA
PTE PRA
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRange reference measurements:
Improved accuracy by use of power meter
(uncertainty)
TRP: correction of receiver value
TIS: Absolute measurement of received power
Remarks: max. 4752 measurement points
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP): All evaluations will be performed:
In “conversational” mode At maximum transmit power
Products supporting multiple air-interface
technologies will be tested in accordance with all
relevant test proceduresTest results will be provided for each test performed
in the format defined
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) AMPS:Three channel pairsFree space and simulated use with SAM (phantom head)Antenna extended and retracted
Power at antenna connector measured (if applicable)Base station parameters are defined
AMPS RX and TX Test Frequencies
BANDChannel
PairDesignation
Frequency (MHz)
Cellular A 991 CH1 - TX 824.04
Cellular A 991 CH1 - RX 869.04
Cellular B 384 CH2 - TX 836.52
Cellular B 384 CH2 - RX 881.52
Cellular B 799 CH3 - TX 848.97
Cellular B 799 CH3 - RX 893.97
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) CDMA:Three channel pairs each bandFree space and simulated use with SAM (phantom head)Antenna extended and retracted
Power at antenna connector measured (if applicable)Base station parameters are defined
CDMA RX and TX Test Frequencies
BAND Channel Pair Designation Frequency
(MHz)
Cellular A 991 CH1 - TX 824.07
Cellular A 991 CH1 - RX 869.07
Cellular B 384 CH2 - TX 836.52
Cellular B 384 CH2 - RX 881.52
Cellular B 777 CH3 - TX 848.31
Cellular B 777 CH3 - RX 893.31
PCS A 25 CH4 – TX 1851.25
PCS A 25 CH4 – RX 1931.25
PCS B 600 CH5 – TX 1880.00
PCS B 600 CH5 – RX 1960.00
PCS C 1175 CH6 – TX 1908.75
PCS C 1175 CH6 – RX 1988.75
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) TDMA:Three channel pairs each bandFree space and simulated use with SAM (phantom head)Antenna extended and retracted
Power at antenna connector measured (if applicable)Base station parameters are defined
TDMA RX and TX Test Frequencies
BAND Channel Pair Designation Frequency
(MHz)
Cellular
991 CH1 - TX 824.04
991 CH1 - RX 869.04
384 CH2 - TX 836.52
384 CH2 - RX 881.52
799 CH3 - TX 848.97
799 CH3 - RX 893.97
PCS
2 CH4 – TX 1850.04
2 CH4 – RX 1930.08
999 CH5 – TX 1879.95
999 CH5 – RX 1959.99
1998 CH6 – TX 1909.92
1998 CH6 – RX 1989.96
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) GSM:Three channel pairs each bandFree space and simulated use with SAM (phantom head)Antenna extended and retracted
Power at antenna connector measured (if applicable)Base station parameters are defined
GSM RX and TX Test Frequencies
BAND Channel Pair Designation Frequency
(MHz)
GSM 850
128 CH1 - TX 824.20
128 CH1 - RX 869.20
190 CH2 - TX 836.60
190 CH2 - RX 881.60
251 CH3 - TX 848.80
251 CH3 - RX 893.80
GSM 1900
512 CH4 – TX 1850.20
512 CH4 – RX 1930.20
661 CH5 – TX 1880.00
661 CH5 – RX 1960.00
810 CH6 – TX 1909.80
810 CH6 – RX 1989.80
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersRadiated power (TRP) GSM:GPRS:
Maximum number of uplink time slots supported by the EUT shall be utilizedcoding scheme CS-1Test as GSMhead adjacent testing only, if GPRS is supported by the device in this mode (e.g. VoIP)
EGPRS: Maximum number of uplink time slots supported by the EUT shall be utilizedcoding scheme MCS-5Test as GSMhead adjacent testing only, if EGPRS is supported by the device in this mode (e.g. VoIP)
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersReceiver performance (TIS):Complete measurement at 3 channels as TRPRelative measurement on intermediate channels (some channels may be omitted, as long as spacing < 500 kHz) All measurements for free space and against
phantom, antenna extended and retractedSufficient number of bits or frames for confidence interval 95 %30° steps (due to less accurate measurement procedure, goal: TIS accuracy < 2 dB with 95% certainty)
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersReceiver performance (TIS):No TIS measurement for AMPSCDMA: FER ≤ 0,5% with 95% confidenceAlso measurement at antenna connector (if applicable)
Communication tester setup same as TRPforward power for 0% FERpower control closed loopIf test point is in a null, forward power have to be raised
Near the sensitivity level: 500 frames (≤ 2000 frames limit possible), power step ≤ 0,5 dB
For final measurement: Power control “Always Up”
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersCDMA Receiver performance (TIS):Forward link power and power control set back to default for the next measurement pointThe measurement range should be 30 dB above
the lowest sensitivity levelMeasurement of alternate points in the sensitivity curve are allowed, if the curve is calibrated (no interpolation allowed).Relative sensitivity on intermediate channels:
Choose position and polarization for best radiated sensitivity (= Reference channel; one position for all 3 bands, if within 3dB for the best channel)Base station signal raised by 5 dBFER measurement
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersCDMA Receiver performance (TIS):Relative sensitivity on intermediate channels:
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersTDMA Receiver performance (TIS):
For TDMA TIS is not required
The procedure is for information only
The Mobile must be set into loop back mode.
The base station power has to be lowered until a
3% BER (± 0,1%) with a bit rate of
100 kbit is measured.
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersGSM Receiver performance (TIS):Class II Residual Bit Error Rate (RBER) 2,44% with
95% confidence levelCommunication tester setup same as TRP,
forward power for 0% RBER, power control level (PCL) high enough for no communicationerrors (no need for maximum power at each point)
loop back modeIf test point is in a null, the forward power has to be raisedNear the sensitivity level:
IF 135 frames (≤ 1000 frames limit possible)power step ≤ 0,5 dB
Final measurement: Power level control maximum power (also for BER reference curve)set back to default for next test point
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersGSM Receiver performance (TIS):Measurement range of 30 dB above the lowest sensitivity
level is acceptable.
Measurement of alternate points in the sensitivity curve
are allowed, if the curve is calibrated (no interpolation).
Relative sensitivity on intermediate channels:Choose position and polarization for best radiated sensitivity
(= Reference channel; one position for all 3 bands,
if within 3dB for the best channel)
Base station signal should be raised by 5 dB
RBER measurement
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersGPRS/EGPRS Receiver performance (TIS):The Block Error Rate (BLER) 10% is based on 2000 received blocks with 95% confidence level.Communication tester setup same as TRP
but forward power for 0% BLER at CS-1power control level (PCL) high enough for no
communicationerrors (no need for maximum power at each point)loop back mode
If test point is in a null, forward power have to be raisedNear the sensitivity level: 200 blocks (≤ 2000 frames limit possible), power step ≤ 0,5 dB
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersGPRS/EGPRS Receiver performance (TIS):Final measurement:
Power level control maximum power(also for BER reference curve)set back to default for next test pointMeasurement range of 30 dB above the lowest sensitivity level is allowedMeasurement of alternate points in the sensitivity curve is allowed, if the curve is calibrated (no interpolation).
Relative sensitivity on intermediate channels: Choose position and polarization for best radiated
sensitivity (= Reference channel; one position for all 3 bands, if within 3dB for the best channel)
Base station signal raised by 5 dB BLER measurement
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |43
CTIA RF-Tests and parametersAlternative Procedure for multi-protocol DUT:Requirement: More than one protocol in the same frequency bandProcedure
Complete TRP (or TIS) measurement of 1st protocol(voice digital protocol preferred)Set DUT to worst case position and polarizationRepeat measurement with 1st protocol at this pointSwitch without any change to 2nd (or further) protocolsMeasure value of second protocol Result for 2nd protocol : Extrapolate TRP (or TIS) value by the difference between the two measurements
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CTIA RF-Tests and parametersMeasurement uncertainty:Uncertainty is based on the ISO GuideIt is recommended to use same setup for
measurement as for reference calibration
(no individual calibration factors on single components)
Detailed lists for the different contributionsExpanded uncertainty must not exceed
± 2dB at 95% confidence level
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |45
TRP Uncertainty for R&S TS9970 System with positioner DE3600 (no phantom head)
Contribution u_j [dB] Squared
Distribution Remarks
Mismatch 0,128 0,016 Analyzer FSP VSWR 1,5:1 Г 0,200 Antenna HL050 VSWR 1,4:1 Г 0,167 Cable loss [dB] 2.0 S21=S12 0,794
Cable Factor: Measurement Antenna cable not applicable since antenna gain >
5 dBi Receiving Device absolute level Analyzer FSP [dB] 0,500 0,289 0,083 Rectangular Measurement Distance range calibration uncertainty see test report 0,500 0,250 0,063 Normal Signal Level Ripple within quiet zone see test report 0,800 0,400 0,160 Normal EUT influence of ambient temp. 0,160 0,026 Normal Positioner Positioning uncertainty of EUT against phantom
not applicable for free space
Miscellaneous measurement system repeatability
0,200 0,040 Normal
Total Uncertainty 0,623 0,388 Expanded Uncertainty (k = 2) 1,246
CTIA RF-Tests and parameters
ROHDE & SCHWARZ OTA TEST SYSTEM SOLUTIONS1SPV-Ko | 2005/06 |46
264 Measurments per DUT
425 Samples / GSM-Burst ( 300 requested), FSP internal measurement routine
Test time for complete scan, 2 polarisations, 3 channels: typ. 20 min (3 bands, 3 channels typ. 40 min.)
Complete measurement for GSM:
3 bands2 polarizations2 configurations (antenna extended and retracted)3 modes (free space and simulated mode (left / right ear)
Result = 240 min (4 h)
Facts of TRP Measurements
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4 h Test time per GSM DUT causes problems to the system stability:
264 points per TRP measurement
2 configurations (antenna inside and retracted)
3 modes (free space and simulated mode (left / right ear)
2 polarizations
Result = 3168 number of switch cycles (without band handovers)
Dual Analyzer systems will not increase the
measurement speed tremendously but the system
stability will be highly improved
Facts of TRP Measurements
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Facts of TIS MeasurementsProblem: Long measurement time for BER-Measurements Measurement methode (fast leveling to RxLev):
RxLev (reception level of DUT) to requested BER of previous measurement point is known
Fast leveling to the same RxLev (only power measurement)
BER-Measurement with 200 Frames (duration approx. 1s / measurement; CTIA-request min. 135 Frames)
Leveling to requested BER-Value
Total measurement time for TIS (GSM, 1 chanel): 4 to 6 h
In total 3 channels with 2 configuration (antenna in and retracted),
3 conditions (FreeSpace / simulation mode) are necessary.
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Facts of TIS MeasurementsNew technique by R&S TS9970:
Alternative test procedure statistical BER-Measurement with 95% confidence level
Early pass / fail decisionMeasurement will be extremly fast if the level is far
away from the target level. (please see Fig. 1)
If close to target BER then extended measurement time for 95% confidence level necessary
fast leveling to the target level = reduction of measurement time.
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Facts of TIS MeasurementsFig.1 single limit confidence BER
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System - Layout “R&S TS9970”
Radio ComTester
Switching
SpectrumAnalyzer
Controller
fully anechoic roomcontrol room
RF Generator
Measurementantenna
Link antennas
UT
azimuth phi Φ
elevation theta θ
3D Positioner
SystemController
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System – Components “R&S TS9970“
SMR
FSP
CMU
RSP
TS-RSP
measurement antenna
Multi Axis Positioner
Link antenna
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Complete measurement automation
of 3D measurement
Evaluation compliant to CTIA
Data export for further post processing
3D View and CTIA Data Calculation
Large variety of drivers (e.g. measurement devices
Spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, power meter)
User interface comparable to EMC software
System - Key Features (software RPS16)
EIRP
EIRP with phantom head
-10
0
10
20
30
400
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
EIRP [dBm]
Azimuth [°]
Example:
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Complete CTIA 2.1 compliant (TRP and TRS)
TRS at fixed BER-level and fixed power level (CMU200)
Measurement time and performance optimized Dual specially designed Link antennas
Dual polarized measurement antenna
Dual Spectrum Analyzer mode for both H/V planes
Automatic switching of measurement and calibration paths
Optimized Uncertainty by R&S Equipment
Uncertainty calculations
Supporting different Multi Axis Positioning Systems
System - Key Features “R&S TS9970“
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More than 12 systems worldwide
CTIA-certified system in Europe
CTIA TIS-certified system
Customers areMobile phone manufacturers
Test houses
Network operators
Combinations with R&S EMC-Systems
Combination with chambers and
positioning systems of different suppliers
System - References “R&S TS9970“
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Turnkey System “R&S TS9970“
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R&S systems cover the whole portfolio of OTA
measurements
RF performance systems include CTIA compliance
TRP and TIS measurements
Customers benefit from R&S wireless and EMC know how
due to fast implementation of new technologies and standards
in the systems
High flexibility and efficiency is achieved by combinations of
performance and EMC measurement systems
Summary “Part1 OTA“
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Part 2: EMC Test System Solutions
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Worldwide Wireless Standards
Digital Cordless Phones
International Europe Canada Japan
DECT CT2 CT2+ PHS
Wireless LAN & Broadband Wireless Access
International
BluetoothIEEE
802.11a/e/h/i
IEEE802.11b/e/i
IEEE802.11g
IEEE802.15.3a
[UWB]
IEEE802.15.4
[ZIGBEE]
IEEE802.16
[Wireless MAN]
IEEE802.16a
[WIMAX]
PDC TDMA[IS-136]
GSM
•GSM 850
•GSM 900
•E-GSM
•R-GSM
•GSM
1800
•GSM
1900
International
D-AMPS[IS-54]
cdmaOne[IS-95]
cdma2000
1xEV-DV
1xEV-DO
WCDMA-3GPP/FDD[UTRA TDD HCR]
WCDMA-3GPP/TDD
Digital Cellular Phones / Data
Japan America International
TD-SCDMA
[UTRA TDD LCR]
China
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ProductConformance
Wireless Product Test Requirements
Spectrum
(R&TTE)
Requirements
EMC
(ETSI/FCC)
Requirements
„Qualification“
(3GPP)
requirements
Safety
CE / LVD
Requirements
International Mobile Telephone Standard 2000
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EMC (R&TTE ETSI) EN 301 489-1 „radio multipart standard“
EN 301 489-23 BS
EN 301 489-24 UE
Spectrum (R&TTE ETSI) EN 301 908-1 („spectrum standard“)
EN 301 908-3 UTRA FDD BS
EN 301 908-7 UTRA TDD BS
ITU-R SM329-8 (spurious emissions)
Safety IEC 60950 (electrical safety)
EN 60950 (LVD)
EN 50360 (human exposure EM fields, MS)
Conformance Standards
Technical Specifications„Qualification“ (3GPP)
Conformance/Spectrum/EMC
TS 25 series (Base Stations - BS)
TS 34 series (User Equipment - UE)
TR 34.926 (EMC User Equipment)
Safety
TR 34.907 (3GPP)
TR 34.925 (Safety - radiation hazard)
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+
Product conformanceProduct conformance=
Looking for the
unwanted or unintended
signals
Looking for the
wanted or intended
signals
Wireless product MeasurementsWireless product Measurements
Conformance(CE / R&TTE / FCC)
Qualification(TS... / TR... / SIG)
Basics
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RF and EMC-Standards
EN 301 489EMC Multipart
Standard
FCC Part 15Radio Frequency
Devices
USA Europe
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The level of the produced unwanted interference should not cause operational malfunctions of other electronically devices and minimize the risk of harmful interference.
Objective of the Standards (Emission)
An RF-Interference shall not affect the quality of the digital transmission in a way noticeable to the user.
Objective of the Standards (Immunity)
Standards for Conformance Tests
Standards EN 301 489: Multipart Standard FCC Part 15: Radio Frequency Devices (04.99)
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EN 50081-1 Generic Emission (RE, CE) (EN 61000-6-3/4) EN 55022 Information Technology Equipment (ITE) CISPR 16-1 Measuring Apparatus
Emission
EN 50082-1 Generic Immunity (RS, CS) (EN 61000-6-1/2) EN 55024 Information Technology Equipment EN 61000-4-3 Radiated Susceptibility (RS) EN 61000-4-6 Conducted Susceptibility (CS) EN 61000-4-2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) EN 61000-4-4 Electrical Fast Transients, BS only
EN 61000-4-5 Surge ISO 7637-1&-2 Transients and surges, vehicular environment only
Immunity
Standards for EMC Tests
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Standard for Tests of Wireless Products
Part 1: Common technical requirements
Part 2: Radio Paging Equipment
Part 3: Short Range Devices
Part 4: Fixed Radio Links
Part 5: Private land Mobile Radio
Part 6: DECT
Part 7: GSM and DCS
Part 8: GSM base stations
Part 9: Wireless Microphones
Part 10: CT1, CT1+, CT2
Part 11: FM BC Transmitter
Part 12: Earth Stationary 4 GHz to 30 GHz, Fixed Satellite Service
Part 13: CB radio
Part 15: Amateur Radio Equipment
Part 16: Analogue Cellular Radio
Part 17: Wideband data and HIPERLAN
Part 18: TETRA
Part 19: ROMES
Part 20: MES and MSS
Part 22: VHF aeronautical radios
Part 23: UMTS (BS)
Part 24: UMTS (MS)
Part 25: CDMA MC (MS)
Part 26: CDMA MC (BS)
Content of EN 301 489
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Content
Scope References Definitions and abbreviations Test Conditions
–Modulation
–TX parameter
–RX parameter Performance assessment
–Transmitter
–Receiver Performance criteria
Applicability overview tables
Methods of measurements and limits for EMC emission
Test methods and levels for immunity tests
Annex
–Compliance with the EU council
Content of EN 301 489-1
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Scope of EN 301 489
Minimum technical characteristics for radio data transmission Equipment with following parameters:
transceivers, transmitters, receivers
fixed, mobile, portable application
integral antenna and/or antenna connectors
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Test Conditions
power source of equipment replaced by test power source normal and extreme test voltages; tolerance of ±1% during test
Power Source
temperature: + 15 °C to + 35 °C
rel. humidity: 20 % to 75 %
normal power source Voltage: (AC 49 to 51 Hz, lead-acid battery 1,1* nom. Voltage)
Normal test Conditions
Extreme Test Conditions temperature: -20°C to 55°C, (vary by different products)
0°C to 35°C (indoor) extreme range of host equipment for plug-in radio devices
extreme power source Voltage: (AC nom. ±10; lead-acid battery0,9/1,3 * nom. V., Lithium 0,85/1,15; NC 0,9/1,15 * nom. V.
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Methods of Measurements
Effective radiated power conducted and radiated, normal
and extreme test conditions
Peak power density conducted or radiated, normal
test conditions
Frequency range conducted or radiated, normal
and extreme test conditions
Spurious emissions conducted and radiated, normal
test conditions
Spurious emissions conducted and radiated, normal
test conditions
Transmitter Receiver
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Measurement uncertainty
radio frequency 1 x 10E-5 total RF power, conducted 1,5 dB RF power density, conducted 3 dB spurious emissions, conducted3 dB all emissions, radiated6 dB temperature 1 °C humidity 5% DC and low frequency voltages 3%
Confidence level 95%
Measurement Uncertainty
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Test Site Requirements
Ground plane
measurement distance: 3m (up to 1GHz), any suitable distance (> 1GHz)
equipment size < 20% of measuring distance
EUT / substitution antenna 1,5 m height
test antenna height vary between 1 and 4 m
Open air test sites (OATS)
test setup similar to open air test site
fully anechoic chamber with floor absorbers allowed
no height variation -> simplifies method of measurement
Fully Anechoic Chamber (FAC)
Test antenna: size shall not exceed 20% of measurement Distance
substitution antenna: dipole (tuned, or shortened) and horn radiator
Antenna Requirements
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Measurement
Narrow band responses are disregarded (Immunity)
If NOGO :
step 1: increase/decrease frequency by +/-10 MHz
step 2: increase/decrease frequency by +/-12.5 MHz
if the deviation does not disappear with the increased and/or decreased frequency, the phenomenon is considered wide band and therefore
an EMC problem and the equipment fails the test.
communication link established
level of wanted signal 30 dB above maximum usable sensitivity (MUS)
modulated test signal representing normal intended use
Test Conditions
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Measuring of spurious emissions up to 12.75 GHz
according to ETSI Limit for spurious emissions: - 47 dBm
Measuring of interferences up to 10th harmonics according to
FCC Part15
Limit for interferences: 44 dBµV/m at 3m test distance with
average detector and 100 kHz Bandwidth above 1 GHz
Radiated RF-Emission measurementsSpurious Measurements
Emission on a frequency, or frequencies, which are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without
affecting the corresponding transmission of information.
Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency conversion
products but exclude out-of-band emissions.
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Definition of Spurious emission for 3G
fc fc+1fc-1
s pu
riou
s e
mis
sio
n s
Ou
t of b
an
d e
mi s
s io
n s
Ad
jac e
nt c
ha n
ne
l
necessary bandwidth
Max. output power
ACLR
250% x BW
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Mesurement of Spurious
use selective receiver or spectrum analyzer
mean and peak weighting functions
resolution bandwidth given as 3 dB BW - should be equal to reference bandwidth
video bandwidth: at least as large as resolution bandwidth - preferable three to five times as large
fundamental rejection filter usually required
Coupling device (conducted) : directional coupler
Antenna (radiated): tuned dipole or reference antenna with known gain
Measurements Method
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Limits of Spurious acc. ITU-R SM.329-8
fundamental spurious max. freq..9 kHz – 100 MHz 9 kHz – 1 GHz 1 GHz
100 – 300 MHz 9 kHz – 10 th harmonic 3 GHz300 MHz – 5.2 GHz 30 MHz – 5 th harmonic 26 GHz
5.2 – 13 GHz 30 MHz -26 GHz 26 GHz13 – 150 GHz 30 MHz – 2 nd harmonic 300 GHz
150 – 300 GHz 300 GHz 300 GHz
5 Categories:
Category A maximum permitted spurious emission power levels
Category B more stringent as defined and adopted by Europe
Category C more stringent as defined and adopted by USA and Canada
Category D more stringent as defined and adopted by Japan
Category Z for ITE according CISPR
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Standards & Limits for Emission
Standard Frequency range Limit Corresponding equivalent
EN 55022 230 MHz to 1 GHz 37 dBV/m -50 dBm
EN 301 489 25 MHz to 1 GHz -57 dBm 30 dBV/m
Tx-mode
EN 301 489 1 GHz to 12.75 GHz -30 dBm 57 dBV/m
Tx-mode
FCC Part 15 restricted band 15.209 54 dBV/m -33 dBm
30 MHz to 230 MHz 30 dBV/m -57 dBmEN 55022
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EN 301 489 Rx-mode
Limit according to EN 301 489 Rx mode -57 dBm versus EN 55022
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EN 301 489 Tx-mode
Limit according to EN 301 489 TX mode -30 dBm
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FCC Part15
Limit acc. to FCC Part 15 in the frequency range 4 GHz to 8 GHz
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FCC Part15
Limit acc. to FCC Part 15: 54 dBµV/m versus EN 301 489 TX
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HP Preamp. Cabling ESIB
F1 = 0,7 dBG1 = -0,7 dB
F2 = 2,5 dBG2 = 40 dB
F3 = 3,0 dBG3 = -3 dB
F4 = 30 dB
dBGGG
F
GG
F
G
FFFges 7,332,2
4256
11000
8511
12
85,0
178,117,1
111
321
4
21
3
1
21
dBGG
F
G
FFFges 398,1
5000
11000
10000
1278,1
11
21
3
1
21
Formula without High-Pass Filter
System Noise at Antenna Port:
Radiated RF-Emission measurements
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Protection against saturation effects for Receiver and Preamplifiers
Internal or external preselectors or yig filters are not enough! Attenuate the carrier signals from the tested device by notch and
high pass filters.
TXRadiated Power
Frequency
pre-selector
excluded bandnotch filter curve high pass filter
Even if no RF-Measurements are made directly at the carrier frequency, but close to them.
Radiated RF-Emission measurements
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Test Environment (Definition)
RadiatedFar Fieldr > 2
RadiatedNear Field/2 > r < 2 Reactive
Near Fieldr < /4
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Test Environment (Definition)Plain Wave
Far Distance to the tested Device
Distance r > 2d2/
for r > 2and d: diameter of radiating area
Example: 1800 MHz
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Test Environment „Conformance“General Proposal for a Site Layout
Anechoic Chamber(AC)
CP1
CP3
EUT
10,10 m
5,5
1 m
5,00 m
3,0
0 m
AP3AP1
AP
4
No
tch+
EM
I
Mon
+E
MS
5,00 m
3,00 m
1,00 m
AP
2
1,50 m
CP2
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Radiated RF-Emission measurements
anechoic chamber
EMI Receiver
PC with SW
EUT
ControllerMast/TT
FilterUnit
Turn deviceMast/TT
Radio ComTester Circular polarized
communication antenna
Test Setup for radiated Emissions (30 MHz to 3 GHz)
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Test Setup for radiated Emissions (3 GHz to 40 GHz)
Radiated RF-Emission measurements
anechoic chamber
EUT
Turn deviceMast/TT
EMI Receiver
PC with SW
ControllerMast/TT
FilterUnit
Radio ComTester
3 GHz to 18 GHzwith high pass filter
18 GHz to 40 GHz
Circular polarizedcommunication antenna
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Test SystemMeasurements of EMI: “TS9976 (Emission)”
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Filter + Switching for:
Test Receiver TX Antenna RX Antenna Tracking Generator Radio Com. Tester
Built in preamplifier, power splitter notch filter (max 6 ) High Pass Filter (max 4) 40 dB Notch @ 200 kHz BW five elements very stable over time & temperature passband loss ,6...1,5 dB
System features and merritsFilter Units of R&S Test Systems
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Susceptibility Tests acc. TS 34.124 (UE)
Performance Assessment
performance assessment basedon a speech call and data call
Equipment which can provide a continuous communication link
Equipment which can only provide a discontinuous communication link
(packet data/ transmission)
manufacturer shall define
performance assessment:
method of observingdegradation of performance
Equipment which does not provide a communication link
manufacturer shall define performance assessment;
shall be simple but proof that the primary functions are operational
Ancillary equipmenttested connected to UE
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Susceptibility Tests acc. TS 34.124 (UE)
In speech mode: (continuous phenomena)audio breakthrough uplink/downlink 35 dB below reference level
In data transfer mode:BER < 0.001 or BLER < 0.01 (data pattern to assess theError Ratio are BER, BLER or end user data)
operate as intended
no loss of user control functions
no loss of stored data
communication link shall have maintained
no unintentional transmission (idle mode)
Performance Criteria
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AudioAnalyzer
control room
Audio Breakthrough Measurement
CommunicationAntenna
Acoustictube
(plastic)
EMSTest System
AudioGenerator
ArtificialMouth
Calibrator
MeasurementMicrophone
EMSAntenna
Susceptibility Tests acc. TS 34.124 (UE)
Radio ComTester
AudioBox Anechoic
chamber
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Radio ComTester
control room
BER measurement (EUT without data application ancillary)
CommunicationAntenna
EMSTest System
Data application
device
Fiber OpticalConnection
UT
EMSAntenna
a b
c
C
B A
RadioLink
Susceptibility Tests acc. TS 34.124 (UE)
Datamonitoring
device Anechoic chamber
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Radio ComTester
Anechoic chamber
control room CommunicationAntenna
EMSTest System
EUT
Part of testsystem
BER measurement (EUT with data application ancillary)
EMSAntenna
RadioLink
b
c
a
AB
C
Susceptibility Tests acc. TS 34.124 (UE)
Data monitoring
device
Dataapplication
ancillary
UT
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Test System „TS 9981“
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EMC Measurements of wireless devices are done in
Europe according to ETSI EN 301489 Multipart standard.
Summary
ETSI standards are product family standards, they
refer to generic standards (e.g. EN 61000-6-X) and basic
standards (e.g. CISPR 22, CISPR 16, EN61000-4-x)
Conformance tests - which are not typically EMC tests
are required e.g. radiated / conducted Spurious
Emission, Power density, Adjacent Channels and those
under normal and extreme conditions.
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To declare the conformance of a wireless product, the
requirements of R&TTE-, EMC- and Low Voltage-
Directive needed to be tested.
Summary
TS9976 for EMI and TS9982 for EMS.
TS89xx for Qualification and conducted conformance.
To follow this requirements an combination of Test-systems are required.
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R&S Test System SolutionsOTA / CTIA