Role of International Organizations in Development

Submitted To:Submitted To:Dr. Rajshree UpadhyayDr. Rajshree UpadhyayProfessor, College of H.Sc.Professor, College of H.Sc.

Presented By:Presented By:Shalini PandeyShalini PandeyM.Sc. Final YearM.Sc. Final Year

1.2 billion population10th largest

economy by GDP

Agriculture account for 13.7% in GDP

Worlds largest youth population

Service sector in the biggest contributor in GDP (around 60%)

One of the top country targeted for FDI

Current GDP= 5.6%

Literacy rate of 74.04%M- 82.14 and F- 65.46

269.3 million BPLi.e. 21.9%

Headquarter: New York City, USA

Head: Helen Clark

Country office: Delhi

Formation: 1965

Working in177 countries

Funded by voluntary contribution

• Advocates for change• connects countries to

share knowledge, experience and resources.

• provides expert advice, training, and grant support to developing countries.

• Special focus on least developed countries.

UNDP - United Nations Development Programme

Assam

Madhya Pradesh

Rajasthan

Uttar Pradesh

Odisha

Chhattisgarh

Jharkhand

Maharashtra

Bihar

India ranks 135th out of 187 countries in the 2014 UNDP Human Development Index

Headquarter: Rome, Italy

Head: Ertharin Cousin

Country office: Delhi

Formation: 1961

Working in 75 countries

Funded by voluntary contribution

• Largest humanitarian organization addressing hunger and promoting food security.

• On average, the WFP provides food to 90 million people per year.

WFP - WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME

Launched on experimental basis formally in 1863 by the FAO and the United Nations General Assembly and extended in 1965 on continuing basis.

Objectives of WFP

Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies

Support food security and nutrition and (re)build livelihoods in fragile settings and emergencies

Reduce under nutrition and break the intergenerational cycle of hunger

Reduce risk and enable communities and countries to meet their own food and nutrition needs

WFP in IndiaWFP in India

to help address the current paradox that despite economic growth, self-sufficiency in food grains production, a sound legal framework and policies, the country remains home to a huge concentration of malnourished and food-insecure people.

Activities:•Rayagada Pilot Project – Strengthening TPDS Through Technology•Rice Fortification•WFP Targeted Public Distribution System 3S Model•Village Grain Banks •Food Insecurity Mapping And Monitoring

India ranks 55th out of 76 countries in Global Hunger Index, 2014

Headquarter: Rome, Italy

Head: Phumzile Mlambo Ngcuka

Working for gender equality

Formation: 2011

Working for elimination of discrimination

Working for the empowerment of women.

Objectives•To support inter-governmental bodies in their formulation of policies, global standards and norms•To help UN member states implement the above standards•To enable member states to regular monitoring of system-wide progress.

UN Women

Lead agencies in coordinating International Women's Day events as well as the Commission on the Status of Women.Theme of International women day for 2014 was "“Equality for women is progress for all”

Critical Area of Concern

Women and Poverty

Education and Training of Women

Women and armed conflict

Women and the economyWomen and Health

Violence against Women Women in power and decision making

Institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women

Human Rights of Women

Women and the Media

The Girl Child

Women and Environment

Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland

Head: Michel Sidibé

Advocate for accelerated, comprehensive and coordinated global action on the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Formation: 1994

Working in 155 countries

Mission •To lead, strengthen and support an expanded response to HIV and AIDS that includes preventing transmission of HIV, providing care and support to those already living with the virus reducing the vulnerability of individuals and communities to HIV and alleviating the impact of the epidemic.

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)

UNAIDS is guided by a Programme Coordinating Board with representatives of 22 governments from all geographic regions, the UNAIDS Cosponsors, and five representatives of (NGOs)

Goals

• Leadership and advocacy for effective action on the epidemic;• Strategic information and technical support to guide

efforts against AIDS worldwide ;• Tracking, monitoring and evaluation of the epidemic and

of responses to it ;• Civil society engagement and the development of strategic

partnerships;• Mobilization of resources to support an effective

response.

Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland

Head: Michel Sidibé

Concerned with international public health

Formation: 1948

Working in 155 countries

Mission •providing leadership on matters critical to health •shaping the research agenda •setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation•providing technical support, •monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)

The WHO Constitution states that overall objective of WHO "is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health“Indian Representative: Dr. Nata

Menabde

Eradication of communicable diseases, in particular, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, malaria and tuberculosis

Mitigation of the effects of non-communicable diseases

Sexual and reproductive health, development, and aging

Nutrition, food security and healthy eating;

Occupational health

Substance abuse

Drive the development of reporting, publications, and networking.

Country’s Corporation Strategy 2012-17

Supporting an improved role of the Government of India in global health

Promoting access to and utilization of affordable, efficiently networked and sustainable quality services by the entire population

Helping to confront the new epidemiological reality of India

Headquarter: Rome, Italy

Head: Kanayo F. Nwanze

empower poor rural to achieve higher incomes and improved food security.

Formation: 1977

Working in 173 countries

ObjectivesIFAD's objectives are to fund rural development projects specifically aimed at assisting the poorest of the poor — small farmers, artisanal fishermen, rural poor women, landless workers, rural artisans, nomadic herdsmen and indigenous populations — to increase their food production, raise their incomes, improve their health, nutrition, education standards and general well-being on a sustainable basis.

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)

IFAD provides loans to its developing Member States and provides grants to institutions and organizations in support of activities to strengthen the technical and institutional capacities linked to agricultural and rural development.

Indian P. Manager: Nigel Brett

Focus Areas

Agricultural Development

Financial Services

Rural infrastructureFisheries

Livestock Capacity & Insti. Building

Storage/ Marketing

Res./Ext./ Training

SMSE

Headquarter: Paris, France

Head: Irina Bokova

known as the "intellectual" agency of the United Nations

Formation: 1945-46

Working in 195 countries

ObjectiveUNESCO strives to build networks among nations that enable this kind of solidarity, by:•Mobilizing for education•Building intercultural understanding•Pursuing scientific cooperation•Protecting freedom of expression

UNESCO- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNESCO's aim is "to contribute to the building of peace, the eradication of poverty, sustainable development and intercultural dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information".

Indian Representative: Mr. Shigeru Aoyagi 

Headquarter: Geneva, Switzerland

Head: Guy Ryder

devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights.

Formation: 1919

Working in 185 countries

Objective•Promote and realize standards and fundamental principles and rights at work.•Create greater opportunities for women and men to decent employment and income.•Enhance the coverage and effectiveness of social protection for all.•Strengthen tripartism and social dialogue.

ILO - International Labour Organization

received the Nobel Peace Prize in the year 1969 for improving peace among classes, pursuing justice for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing nations.

ILO registers complaints against entities that are violating international rules

Indian Representative: Mr. Shigeru Aoyagi 

Programmes

Labour Statistics

Training and Teaching of ILO officers To stop Child Labour

Formulation of international policies and programmes to promote basic human rights, improve working and living conditions, and enhance employment opportunities

Formulation of international policies and programmes to promote basic human rights, improve working and living conditions, and enhance employment opportunities

Headquarter: Rome, Italy

Head: José Graziano da Silva

leads international efforts to defeat hunger

Formation: 1945, 16 Oct

Working in 194 countries

•Serving both developed and developing countries

•A neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and debate policy

•A source of knowledge and information, and helps developing countries and countries in transition modernize and improve agriculture, forestry and fisheries practices, ensuring good nutrition and food security for all.

FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization

Latin Moto means "Let there be bread"

Indian Representative: Mr. Shigeru Aoyagi 

Priority Work Areas

Help eliminate hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition

Make agriculture, forestry and fisheries more productive and sustainable

Reduce rural poverty

Enable inclusive and efficient agricultural and food systems

Increase the resilience of livelihoods from disasters

Headquarter: Vienna, Austria

Head: Li Yong

Formation: 1966

Working in 171 countries

Works towards improving the quality of life of the world's poor by drawing on its combined global resources and expertise in the following three interrelated thematic areas:•Poverty reduction through productive activities;•Trade capacity-building; and•Energy and environment.

UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization

The Organization's primary objective is the promotion and acceleration of industrial development in developing countries and countries with economies in transition and the promotion of international industrial cooperation.

Function

• Assists developing countries in the formulation of development, institutional, scientific and technological policies and programmes in the field of industrial development;

• Analyzes trends, disseminates information and coordinates activities in their industrial development;

• Acts as a forum for consultations and negotiations directed towards the industrialization of developing countries; and

• Provides technical cooperation to developing countries for implementing their development plans for sustainable industrialization in their public, cooperative and private sectors.

Headquarter: Geneva,Switzerland

Head: Roberto Azevêdo

An organization for trade opening

Formation: 1995

Member: 160 countries

The organization deals with regulation of trade between participating countries by providing a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements and a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to WTO agreements, which are signed by representatives of member governments

WTO- World Trade Organization

At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations. These documents provide the legal ground rules for international commerce.

Supervise and liberalize  international trade

Functions

Oversees the implementation, administration and operation of the covered agreements.

Provides a forum for negotiations and for settling disputes.

Administer Trade Policy Review Mechanism

Achieve greater coherence in global economic policy making by collaborating other organizations.

Headquarter: Washington, D.C.

Head: Roberto Azevêdo

An organization for trade opening

Formation: 1944

Member: 193 countries

Goalstwo goals for the world to achieve by 2030:End extreme poverty by decreasing the percentage of people living on less than $1.25 a day to no more than 3%.Promote shared prosperity by fostering the income growth of the bottom 40% for every country.

WORLD BANK GROUP

Supervise and liberalize  international trade

The World Bank Group consists of• The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), established in 1945, which provides debt financing on the basis of sovereign guarantees;• The International Finance Corporation (IFC), established in 1956, which provides various forms of financing without sovereign guarantees, primarily to the private sector;•The International Development Association (IDA), established in 1960, which provides concessional financing (interest-free loans or grants), usually with sovereign guarantees;•The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), established in 1965, which works with governments to reduce investment risk;•The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), established in 1988, which provides insurance against certain types of risk, including political risk, primarily to the private sector.

Achievements

Poverty has been reduced from 45.3% in 1993-94 to 37.2% in 2004-05 to 21.9% in 2011-12.

Polio Free India, in 2014No polio cases from January, 2011

Achievements

TB incidences fell at an average rate of 1.5%/year b/w 2000 and 2013

Hundreds of supply firms upgraded through intense training, counselling and coaching by UNIDO

Achievements

Between 2001-09 India’s Education for All Program enrolled 20 million out of school children

98% Indian children have access to primary school.

Achievements

Vocational training imparted to 32% youths in 2006 to 60 % in 2011.

Livelihood programme mobilizes more than 30 million poor households in 90,000 villages.

Achievements

IDA projects over $1.4billion for rural water supply and sanitation

Health project helped pregnant women to reach medical facility in time of delivery.

Tamilnadu- 95.5%

Achievements

Over $ 2 billion projects for providing road connectivity to remote areas

Improved farmers income from rain fed land in Karnataka, Himanchal, Uttarakhand

Achievements

Over 2,60,000 hectare barren land converted into cultivated land

Food SecurityProvided effective models for TPDS especially in Orissa

Achievements

Continuous decline of HIV epidemicFrom 23.2 lakh in 2006 to 20.9 lakh in 2011

Challenges

India rank 135 /187 in Human Development Index, 2014

India ranks 55th out of 76 countries in Global Hunger Index, 2014

Challenges

One of the highest malnourished children in the worldnearly double that of Sub-Saharan Africa 

One in every three malnourished children in the world lives in India. 50% infant death due to malnourishment

Challenges

India’s maternal mortality rate (MMR): 16% i.e.178 in 2010-12, India is behind the target of 103 deaths per 1,00,000 live

births to be achieved by 2015 under the United Nations-mandated Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Lack of quality education at primary and secondary level

Challenges

One third of rural population still lacks access to all weather road connectivity.

India alone account for 24% of TB patients.

Challenges

India has just one doctor for every 1,700 people

53% of Indians who defecate in the open.