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Lightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J. Wood MnDOT

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Page 1: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Lightly Surfaced RoadwaysPutting Roof on Your Gravel Road

Thomas J. WoodMnDOT

Page 2: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Agenda

• Chip Sealing• OTTO Sealing• FDR and Chip Seal Surfacing• Using Waste Asphalt Shingles for Gravel Roads

Page 3: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

The Issues

• Gravel Roads are– Costly to maintain– Dust– Hard on vehicles– Not liked by traveling public

Page 4: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

The Issues

• Why not pave all of them– Too Costly– Not best stewardship of resource

Page 5: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Silver Creek Township

• 4.3 mile loop road• 75 to 100 ADT• Graded to be paved• Cost estimate to pave $760,000.00

– 2 to 3 years of Township’s pavement budget

• Residents up set with decision not to pave roadway

Page 6: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Silver Creek Township

• Decide to try Prime & Chip Seal Surfacing– Prime with Penetrating  Emulsion Prime– Chip Seal with FA‐2.5 chip & Crs‐2P– Modified Fog Seal

Page 7: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Silver Creek Township

• Not a paved surface• Improved Gravel Roadway

– No Dust– No Wash Boarding– No Dirty Car– No Re‐Gravel

Page 8: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Preparation before Prime & Chip

• Correct any DRAINAGEissues

• Increase cross slope from 2% to 4+%– Add Gravel to increase slope

• Established  centerline• Shaped and compacted surface

Page 9: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Pre‐wetting Gravel

Page 10: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Priming PEP

Page 11: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

PEP at 0.25 gal/yd²

Page 12: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

5 to 8 lbs./yd² Trap Rock Sand

Page 13: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J
Page 14: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Applying CRS‐2P

Page 15: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Rolling Chip Seal

Page 16: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Sweeping Extra Chips off Roadway

Page 17: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

After Construction

Page 18: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J
Page 19: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

After 1st Winter

Page 20: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Quantity

• Priming Gravel Surface– PEP 0.25 gal/yd²– Blotter Sand 5‐8 lbs./yd²

• Chip Sealing– CRS‐2p 0.35 lbs./yd²– FA‐2 ½ 16 to 18 lbs./yd²

• Modified Fog Seal– CRS‐2p 0.15 gal/yd²– Cover Sand 5‐8 lbs./yd²

Page 21: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Recap

• Need structurally sound road• Good drainage• Proper amount of gravel• Needs to be graded smooth

Page 22: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Recap

• Is alternative for paving low volume roadways• Not a paved roadway but improved gravel roadway

• HMA cost $12.55 yd²• Prime & Chip $2.50 yd²

Page 23: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Otto Seal

Page 24: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Otto Seal

• Two course application of the following:• HFMS‐2s emulsion 0.50 g/y²• 50 lbs./y² of surfacing gravel• Rolled

Page 25: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Otto Seal

• Let traffic drive on first course for 2 to 3 weeks and repeat

• End up with ¾ to 1 inch asphaltic flexible surface 

Page 26: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Otto Seal

Page 27: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Otto Seal

Page 28: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Otto Seal

Page 29: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Surfacing in place of HMA

Page 30: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Cell 28 History

• 4.5 “ of HMA • 6” of gravel• Clay sub base• Control for drainage experiment

Page 31: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Failed Within 2 Years

Page 32: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Emulsion Stabilized FDR

Page 33: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Modified Double Chip Surface

Page 34: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

90 + laps per day at 80K

Page 35: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

• Two localized areas of failure easily patched• 40000 ESAL• Comment from Staff  “seem to improve with 

time and traffic”

Page 36: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Using Waste Shingles to Improve Gravel Roads

Page 37: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

The Issues

• 200,000 + tons of Tear Off Waste Shingle (TOSS) per year produced in MN

• 5% max allowed in HMA• Aggregate quality declining• Increase demand for dust control

Page 38: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Research Project Scope

• Alternate uses for TOSS– To improve quality of surfacing gravel and shouldering materials

– As an effective dust control method

• What size of grind is best and amounts

Page 39: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Recommend Grind Size

½ inch minus cost ⅓ less that #4 minus grind

Page 40: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

How the Research Was Done

• Laboratory Testing– Determine if TOSS help or hurt performance– Determined what was best percentage to add

Page 41: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Best Lab Performance 40% Weight

Page 42: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Built Test Section• Jackson Co. Goals

• Limit Corrugation• Less Blading

• What was done• Started at 4 TOSS  

to 10 gravel blend by volume

• Went to 1 to 1 blend by volume• = 35% by weight

Page 43: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Performance

• Comments from interviews from Jackson Co. Personnel– Blade operators wants rest of pile on his roads

– Less corrugation – Less float – Seem to shed water better

– Less dust observed

Page 44: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J
Page 45: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Goodhue County

• Goodhue use crush limestone for surfacing gravel

• Biggest issue is dust control

Page 46: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Goodhue • Blend TOSS at rate of 1 to 1 by volume for top ½ inch

• Made comment that  the TOSS made road look dirty

• They where not sure of value as far as grading

• Did observe less dust

Page 47: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J
Page 48: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Results

• At 1 yr. TOSS treated section still 34% effective

• Other dust methods <5% after year in place

Page 49: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Cost Comparison

• Calcium chloride $0.50 square yard– $7,040 per mile per application

• Shingles prepared $14.00 ton = $7.00 cubic yard– $16,500 per mile 

• Cost to break even– 2.2 years compared to single application of chloride– 1.2 years compared to double yearly application of chloride

Page 50: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Benefits• Re‐use of a valuable resource• Reduce chlorides from dust control• Reduce grading of gravel surfaced roadways and shoulders

• Reduction in re‐graveling

Page 51: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Benefits

• Environmental savings– Divert shingle waste from land fills– Protect water from chlorides– Less fugitive dust– Cost effective alternate to other dust control methods

Page 52: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Question?

Page 53: Roof on Your Gravel Road - Michigan Technological …ctt.mtu.edu/sites/ctt/files/resources/cew2016/01wood01.pdfLightly Surfaced Roadways Putting Roof on Your Gravel Road Thomas J

Thank You