roshaliza hamidon- metrology-010809 metrology dpt 312 prepared by: cik roshaliza hamidon...

METROLOGYDPT 312

PREPARED BY:CIK ROSHALIZA [email protected]

ROSHALIZA HAMIDON-METROLOGY-010809

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION TO METROLOGY & QUALITY


OUTLINEOverviewMetrology & MeasurementThe uses of measurement QualityMeasure of QualityInspectionWhat to inspect??Why we need for Quality and inspection?Metrology and Quality Control


Overview The old saying measure it twice and cut it once.The measurements we make with accuracy and precision will reduce the waste of materials and will further contribute to the production of high quality items


Metrology and MeasurementMetrology comes from Greek word metron (measure) and logy.Metrology is the science of measurement and measurement is the language of science (language to communicate about size, quantity, position, condition and timeMetrology includes all theoretical and practical aspects of measurementMeasurement is a procedure in which an unknown quantity compared to a known standard, using an accepted and consistent system of units


Figure 1.1 This derivation of the Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci, depicts nine historical units of measurement: the Yard, the Span, the Cubit, the Flemish Ell, the English Ell, the French Ell, the Fathom, the Hand , and the Foot. The Vitruvian man was drawn to scale, so the units depicted are displayed with their proper historical ratios.


Figure 1-2 Without metrology there is no science. This principle has been recognize since the early years of human history, as these examples of fundamental quantities show. Each era produced its equivalent.


In manufacturing, metrology is defined as the measurement of dimensions: length, thickness, depth, diameter, angle, flatness, straightness, roundness and surface roughnessWhy we need measurement??To make thingsTo control the way other people to make thingsFor scientific description

Metrology and Measurement (cont)


The uses of measurementTo make thingsTo control manufactureFor progress


Late 1700s, Scotsman James Watt was jubilant that John Wilkinson had perfected the horizontal boring machine with such great precision that it could bore the cylinders for Watts steam engine to a tolerance of one thin shillingMeasurement is necessary whenever we make anythingUnless numerical values are established, things must fit together can be mad only by trial and error.Measurement skill reduces hand fitting. Measurement to Make Things


An extension of an individual making things is the control manufacturing process by othersMeasurement must be based on an accepted standard Total Quality Management (TQM)Quality Assurance (QA) Department

Measurement to Control Manufacture


Measurement is truly a universal languageWhere every other communication must be translated, all industrial people today recognize the same standards of length, and convert in and out of each others systems of measurementMeasurement for Progress


Quality Quality is a very important aspect of manufacturing.Definition of quality Deming - non-faulty systemsJuran - fitness for useCrosby - conformance to requirementsCustomers view (more subjective)the quality of the design (look, feel, function)product does whats intended and lastsProducers viewconformance to requirements (Crosby)costs of quality (prevention, scrap, warranty)increasing conformance raises profitsGovernments viewproducts should be safenot harmful to environment


Measure of Quality


Inspection An inspection is, most generally, an organized examination or formal evaluation exercise. It involves the measurements, tests, and gauges applied to certain characteristics in regard to an object or activity. The results are usually compared to specified requirements and standards for determining whether the item or activity is in line with these targets (wikipedia)


What to inspect?Inspection specific to PRODUCTSElectronic parts (circuits, chips, etc.)Machine elements (engines, brakes, gears, etc.)Heat and thermodynamic components (engines, fuel injectorsMedical and Bio-related products (implants, dental devidevices, surgical parts, etc.)

Inspection specific to PROCESSESChip removal processes (turning, milling, drilling, etc.)Chipless manufacturing (casting, molding, forging, etc.)Non-traditional methods (EDM, ECM, ultrasonics, etc.)


Quality is a very important aspect of manufacturing.Needed for interchangeable manufacturing.Basic concept of standardization and mass productionComponents of a product must fit together, assemble properly and be replaceableQuality should be built into a product.Prevention of defects is a major goalWhy We Need for Quality and Inspection??


Metrology and quality controlCertification to ISO 9000 standards has become a primary requirement for both manufacturing and service oriented organizationCalibration and control of test, measurement and inspection equipment is one of the more important requirements given in standardRequirement of ISO 9001: 2000Metrology, the science of measurement, plays an important roles in checking if specifications are met, and is needed to develop experimental data for analyzing a processThe quality of goods and services offered is highly dependent on reliable measurement.


Requirement of ISO 9001: 2000The requirement of the ISO 9001:2000 standard in respect of test, inspection and measuring equipment are summarized below:The organization shall identify the measurements to be made and the measuring and monitoring devices required to assure conformity of product to specific requirementsMeasuring and monitoring devices shall be used and controlled to ensure that measurement capability is consistent with the measurement requirementsMeasurement and monitoring shall be calibrated and adjusted periodically or prior to use, against the devices traceable to international or national standards, where no such standards exist the basis used for calibration shall be recordedWhere applicable measuring and monitoring devices shall: Be safeguard from adjustments that would invalidated the calibrationBe protected from damage and deterioration during handling; maintenance and storageHave the results of their calibration recordedHave the validity of previous results reassessed if they are subsequently found to be out of calibration and corrective action taken


References C.l.Dotson, Fundamentals of Dimensional Metrology, Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006A. T. Bozdana, PP, Engineering Metrology and Quality Control, Mechanical Engineering University of GaziantepAnalysis of Material Removal G.M.S de Silva, Basic Metrology for ISO 9000 certification, Butterworth Heinemann, 2002


roshaliza hamidon- metrology-010809 metrology dpt 312 prepared by: cik roshaliza hamidon...

Documents

science of measurement

measurement skill

measurement of dimensions

language of science

control manufacturing

flemish ell

english ell

french ell