round 1 - sciencebowlquizbowl.files.wordpress.com file · web viewthe burning does not necessarily...

ROUND 1

2006 PACE National Scholastics Championship—ROUND 1

Related Tossup/Bonus

1. He is forced to listen to Joseph’s fanatical sermons and throws hot applesauce in the face of a dinner guest who makes fun of his hair. He thrusts a stone between the dog Skulker’s jaws in an attempt to free his romantic interest, and he purposefully funds Hindley’s destructive gambling and drinking addictions to gain that man’s estate. For 10 points, name this adoptee from Liverpool and rival to Edgar Linton for the love of Catherine Earnshaw in Wuthering Heights.ANSWER: Heathcliff<Douglass>

Bonus: One of her title characters kills several birds to keep Tom Bloomfield away from them, while another leaves Arthur Huntingdon for Gilbert Markham. For 10 points each:[10] Name this author of Agnes Grey and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall.ANSWER: Anne Brontë [prompt on Brontë; prompt on Acton Bell][10] This author worked with Anne Brontë on the Gondal plays and went on to write “Remembrance,” “Death,” and Wuthering Heights.ANSWER: Emily Brontë [prompt on Ellis Bell]<Bykowski>

2. One named for Debye is equal to Planck's constant times the speed of sound in a medium, times the radius of a sphere, divided by the side length of a cube and Boltzmann's constant. More generally, its reciprocal is the rate of entropy increase with increases in energy, while for a system at constant volume, it is the change of internal energy with respect to entropy. An absolute scale for it was established by the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics and it is the driving force behind heat transfer. For 10 points, identify this physical quantity which can be quantified using the Rankine, Kelvin, or Celsius scales.ANSWER: temperature<Mitchell>

Bonus: Identify each of the following about combustion for the stated number of points.[5,5] For five points each, identify the two products of the combustion of methane in excess oxygen.ANSWER: Carbon dioxide (or CO2) and water (or H2O)[10] This temperature is the lowest temperature at which a liquid mixture can ignite in air. The burning does not necessarily need to be sustained.ANSWER: flash point or temperature [do not accept fire point; that is the point for sustained burning]<Mitchell>


3. Richard Strauss’s Metamorphosen inscribes the words “IN MEMORIAM!” over a quotation from this work. The trio of its scherzo uses three solo horns, while its first movement was the longest sonata-form movement yet written. Its finale is based on a theme borrowed from the same composer’s Creatures of Prometheus, while the second movement is a funeral march. For 10 points, name this Beethoven symphony ultimately dedicated to “the memory of a great man” but originally written in honor of Napoleon.ANSWER: Sinfonia eroica [or Eroica Symphony; or Symphony No. 3 in E flat major; accept equivalents]<Ismail>

Bonus: Name these works of Ludwig van Beethoven, for 10 points each.[10] Beethoven wrote thirty-two of these compositions, which include the “Pathétique,” “Appassionata,” and “Moonlight.”ANSWER: piano sonatas [prompt on partial answer][10] Beethoven also wrote thirty-three “variations” on a waltz by this Viennese music publisher.ANSWER: Anton Diabelli<Kwartler>

4. A key decision in this encounter was to divide British forces with a southern contingent led by Cuthbert Collingwood, commander of the Royal Sovereign. In the ensuing clash, Pierre de Villeneuve’s forces lost twenty ships. While the British lost no ships, a skirmish between the French ship Redoubtable and the British ship Victory saw the British commander killed. For 10 points, name this 1805 naval battle that was fought off the coast of Spain, the last victory of Horatio Nelson and the namesake of a London square.ANSWER: Battle of Trafalgar<Frankel>

Bonus: Name these British military men, for 10 points each.[10] As governor general of Eastern Sudan, he turned away the last Mahdi invasion of Egypt and recaptured Khartoum after winning the battle of Omdurman in 1898.ANSWER: Horatio Herbert Kitchener[10] This man was viceroy of India until 1905 but got into a quarrel with Kitchener and resigned. His namesake line was a proposed boundary between Poland and Russia.ANSWER: George Nathaniel Curzon [or Marquess of Kedleston]<Berdichevsky>


5. After joining the Argonauts at the insistence of Chiron, he saved his crewmates from the Sirens. Another of his exploits became necessary while his wife was fleeing Aristaeus. The son of Oeagrus and Calliope, he inspired a mystery cult whose central ritual was the dismemberment of an effigy of Dionysus. His head came to rest on the island of Lesbos after he was torn to shreds by the Maeneads. For 10 points, name this musician who attempted to save his snakebit wife Eurydice [yur ID uh see] from the underworld.ANSWER: Orpheus<Southard>

Bonus: For 10 points each, name these things one might encounter in Hades.[10] This fearsome three-headed canine guards the gates. It has been overcome by Heracles and Orpheus as well as purveyors of drugged honeycakes.ANSWER: Cerberus [do not accept Cerebus][10] It is the lowest region of the world, a dark pit enveloped in bronze. Personified as the father of Typhon, it is where Zeus imprisoned the Titans.ANSWER: Tartarus<Southard>

6. This amendment was applied in Godfrey v. Georgia and Maynard v. Cartwright. In Trop v. Dulles, its third clause was used to overturn a law removing citizenship, and in Robinson v. California, the Court incorporated it to the state level and outlawed “status crimes.” More recently, it has been applied in Roper v. Simmons, Atkins v. Virginia, and other capital punishment cases. For 10 points, name this constitutional amendment that prohibits excessive bail as well as “cruel and unusual punishments.”ANSWER: Eighth Amendment<Nance>

Bonus: It held that the general right to privacy extends from “emanations” and “penumbras” in the Bill of Rights. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1965 Supreme Court case, which struck down a Connecticut law banning the use of contraceptives by married couples.ANSWER: Griswold v. Connecticut [accept Connecticut v. Griswold][10] Justice Goldberg’s concurring opinion in Griswold emphasized this constitutional amendment, which protects rights not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.ANSWER: Ninth Amendment<Nance>


7. The decay of this entity is the subject of both Gamow-Gurney-Condon Theory and Geiger-Nuttall Rules. They were used in a series experiments in which light scintillation was found when a beam of them fell on a sheet of Zinc sulfide. Though they are the most massive and energetic of their class, they are short range. This fact lends credence to their effect as highly carcinogenic. Their decay is mediated by the strong force, one example of which is Thorium-232 to Radium-228. For 10 points, what is this principal component of the gold foil experiment, a two proton, two neutron form of ionizing radiation?ANSWER: Alpha Particle<Romero>

Bonus: It shows only one characteristic frequency produced by simple harmonic motion of electrons embedded in a mesh of positive charges in an atom. For 10 points each:[10] Name this model of the atom proposed by Joseph John Thomson.ANSWER: plum pudding model[10] By bombarding a thin foil with positive particles, this British physicist found that the plum pudding model cannot explain the number of large angle deflections detected by a zinc-sulfur crystal.ANSWER: Ernest Rutherford<Luo>

8. Used in microwave relay of long-distance phone calls, its carrier wave was designed to be immune to natural static by Edwin Armstrong, who opposed its 1945 move to its current band. It is currently divided into 101 channels of 200 kilohertz each, with the lower twenty reserved for non-profit or educational use. For 10 points, what type of radio is the most commonly used broadcasting medium for music in the United States and resides on a spectrum between 88.1 to 107.9 megahertz?ANSWER: Frequency Modulation radio<Pickrell>

Bonus: FM radios are found in cars, so name these parts of car engines for 10 points each.[10] One or more of what part of the engine regulates the opening and closing of all valves and moves at about one-half the speed of the crankshaft?ANSWER: camshaft[10] What part of the engine, now replaced by computers and electronics in most cars, mixes air and fuel together in the correct amounts?ANSWER: carburetor<Pickrell>


9. He compares his juxtaposition of images to Paul Cezanne’s foreshortening of perspective, and he wrote of staying away from drugs in The Change. After being expelled from Columbia for making obscene drawings in the dust in his dorm room, he wrote a poem about the death of his mother Naomi, and another about people “looking for an angry fix” and “starving hysterical naked.” For 10 points, name this poet who wrote “I saw best minds of my generation destroyed by madness,” author of “Kaddish” and “Howl.”ANSWER: Allen Ginsberg<Luo>

Bonus: Name these characters from Jack Kerouac’s On the Road, for 10 points each.[10] The novel opens with this man being released from jail to go back home to Colorado. Over the course of the work, this womanizer has three wives and four children.ANSWER: Dean Moriarty [accept Dean Moriarty][10] Early on, this friend of Sal’s is fixated with Dean. Based on Allen Ginsberg, he writes poetry and plays jazz, and by the novel’s end, he grows up, unlike Dean.ANSWER: Carlo Marx [accept Carlo Marx]<Bykowski>

10. H.L. Mencken said that this man’s grammar was “so bad that a kind of grandeur creeps into it.” He was the editor of the Marion Daily Star and married the daughter of Democratic rival Amos Kling, who overlooked his infidelity with Carrie Phillips and Nan Britton. His promised “return to normalcy” was further obviated by the actions of Charles Forbes and an affair also involving the Elk Hills oil fields. For 10 points, name this man who defeated James Cox in 1920, suffered the Teapot Dome scandal, and died in office.ANSWER: Warren Gameliel Harding<Kendall>

Bonus: Led by John McDonald, it defrauded the government out of over 2.5 million dollars in taxes. For 10 points each:[10] Name this scandalous group of distillers of a certain beverage.ANSWER: Whiskey Ring[10] Among those indicted in connection with the Whiskey Ring was this private secretary of President Grant.ANSWER: Orville Babcock<Kwartler>


Tossups

1. Project HAARP [harp] involves building a giant namesake heater to change its shape and conductivity. Its height and density were first measured by Lloyd Berekner while Vitaly Ginzburg has proposed theories for electromagnetic wave propagation within it. A natural resonator between it and the terrestrial surface forms the Schumann resonances. Divided into layers known as the D, E, and F layers, other layers include the Heaviside and Appleton. Coupled with the magnetosphere, for 10 points, identify this layer of the atmosphere that contains plasma and is important for radio transmissions. ANSWER: ionosphere<Mitchell>

2. One group of characters in it repeatedly cries “Tarantara, Tarantara!” after another character sings about bravery. Songs about quiet include “Hush, hush, not a word” and “With cat-like tread,” after which a conflict is prompted by the guilty lament “Sighing Softly to the River.” The protagonist realizes Ruth betrayed him upon seeing Mabel, the daughter of officer Stanley, who considers himself “the very model of a modern Major-General.” For 10 points, name this operetta about Frederic by Gilbert and Sullivan.ANSWER: The Pirates of Penzance or The Slave of Duty<Kwartler>

3. They were common in the kingdom of Kush after that kingdom moved to Meroe, where they were known as “Kandake.” The Buinsa temple commemorates another, Seondeok of Silla, and other examples include the Mesopotamian Semiramis and such Egyptians as Nitocris, Sobeknefaru, Twosret, and Hatshepsut. For 10 points, identify this type of ruler atypical for most of world history, whose other examples include Boadicea and Cleopatra.ANSWER: queen [or empress or female ruler or other equivalents]<Kendall>

4. He was the cause of the eventual break between Paul and Barnabas after he turned back at Perga in Pamphylia. The son of Mary, he was Barnabas’ cousin and was with Paul during his imprisonment in Rome. He was Peter’s companion in Babylon and wrote Peter’s account of Jesus’s sayings and actions. For 10 points, identify this author of the chronologically earliest gospel, which can be found between Matthew and Luke.ANSWER: John Mark [do not accept or prompt on John]<Mitchell>

5. This album was the band’s second after Heavy and received a platinum award from Atco Records, inspiring the RIAA to officially adopt that prize. In addition to “Flowers and Beads,” “My Mirage,” and “Termination,” it contains the title song, allegedly named when Doug Ingle slurred the intended name. That song was played at a church in the Simpsons episode “Bart Sells His Soul,” causing the organist to faint. For 10 points, give the common name of this album and seventeen-minute long song by Iron Butterfly.ANSWER: “In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida”<Pickrell>


6. His interest in the writings of Ptolemy inspired him to observe movements in the stars Arcturus, Procyon, and Sirius. As commander of the HMS Paramour, he posited a core-fluid-crust model of the Earth. He financed the publication of Newton’s Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, and he succeeded John Flamsteed as Astronomer Royal. The Aquarids are meteors associated with his most famous namesake, sightings of which were recorded in the Nuremburg Chronicles and Bayeux Tapestry. For 10 points, name this Englishman whose namesake comet completes an orbit around the sun every 76 years.ANSWER: Edmund Halley<Wolpert>

7. He discussed the communal power of myth in the plays The New Colony and The Mountain Giants. His mature works began with the story of a man who falls off a horse and imagines that he is Henry IV, and his other meditations on the fluid nature of identity include the plays Tonight We Improvise and Right You Are, If You Think You Are. For 10 points, identify this author who wrote of a family that bursts into a play rehearsal demanding to be written about in Six Characters in Search of an Author.ANSWER: Luigi Pirandello<Berdichevsky>

8. His exploits began after he was named commandant of Fort Frontenac. Ultimately this commander of the Griffon was murdered by his own men upon reaching the Gulf of Mexico. His companions included Michael Aco and Father Hennepin, whom he sent into Michigan, and he organized a confederation among the Miami and the Illinois in order to fight the Iroquois, who threatened him and his lieutenant Henri de Tonti. For 10 points, name this French explorer who named Louisiana and traveled along the Mississippi.ANSWER: Rene Robert Cavalier, Sieur de La Salle<Berdichevsky>


Bonuses

Arts: “Red Cloud” and “Tyrol” were painted by members of this group, which was the successor to Gabriele Münter’s New Artists’ Association. For 15 points, name this German exhibition association directed by Franz Marc and Wassily Kandinsky.ANSWER: Der Blaue Reiter [or The Blue Rider]<Weiner>

Current Events: Its governor, Mike Rounds, signed a law in February 2006 that prompted Cecilia Fire-Thunder to plan for a clinic on the Pine Ridge Reservation. For 15 points, name the state in which a law intended to challenge Roe v. Wade bans almost all abortions.ANSWER: South Dakota<Southard>

Geography: Its largest city, Sapporo, is located on the Ishikari Plain on this island that borders the Sea of Okhotsk to the northeast. The Tsugaru Strait separates its Oshima Peninsula from Honshu. For 15 points, name this northernmost major island of Japan.ANSWER: Hokkaido<Greenstein>

History: This leader of the Unión Patriótica adopted the motto “Country, Religion, Monarchy” and ended the Moroccan War. For 15 points, name this predecessor of Franco who ruled Spain from the coup of 1923 to his resignation in 1930.ANSWER: Miguel Primo de Rivera y Orbaneja, Marqués De Estella [prompt on de Rivera]<Weiner>

Literature: An attempt to quell the Biafran conflict led to this author’s imprisonment by President Gowon, an experience he recounts in his book The Man Died. For 15 points, identify this author of The Lion and the Jewel and Death and the King’s Horseman.ANSWER: Akinwande Olun Wole Soyinka<Berdichevsky>

Popular Culture: He was a lawyer in China when CBS hired him to translate during the Tiananmen Square uprising, and he later moved to ABC’s Chicago bureau. For 15 points, name this co-anchor of World News Tonight who was almost killed by a bomb while working in Iraq.ANSWER: Bob Woodruff<Yaphe>


Religion/Mythology/Philosophy: It believes in alien manipulation of science and has a three-word credo, “zhen, shan and ren.” For 15 points, identify this movement founded by Li Hongzhi, claiming seventy million Chinese members, which often clashes with the Chinese government.ANSWER: Falun Gong [or Falun Dafa]<Passner>

Mathematics Calculation: A road sign is in the shape of a trapezoid, with bases of 12 and 18 feet. The sign cost $1200 to make at $8 per square foot. For 15 points, find the height of the road sign.ANSWER: 10 feet<Feist>

Science: They can be classified as septate or coenocytic based on whether they contain septa. Modified versions of them known as rhizoids serve as anchors, and their total growth can exceed one kilometer in a single day. For 15 points, name these specialized tubular structures of fungi that collectively form the mycelium.ANSWER: hyphae<Keller>

Social Sciences: Carl Jung later preferred the term “objective psyche” for this concept, whose commonality is attributed to shared instincts, experiences, and culture. For 15 points, what concept explains the creation of archetypes and the similarity of people’s dreams?ANSWER: collective unconscious<Connolly>


Stretch Round

1. This term first appears in Sextio-Licinian laws of 367, when this office was stripped of the power to conduct trials. Charged with summoning the Senate, proposing laws to the people, and presiding over elections, they always had the task of conducting important foreign wars as the superior holders of imperium, ranking above the Praetors. For 10 points, name this fourth rung of the cursus honorum, the chief executive magistracy and most powerful elected office in Republican Rome, usually occupied by two men.ANSWER: consul<Kendall>

Bonus: Born Frederick Kittel, he died in October 2005, shortly after completing a cycle of ten plays set in and around Pittsburgh’s Hill District, where he grew up. For 10 points each:[10] Name this playwright of Two Trains Running and Seven Guitars.ANSWER: August Wilson[10] This Pittsburgh cycle play, set in the home of Doaker Charles, discusses Boy Willie’s attempt to buy the Sutter farm amidst the revenge of certain hobo ghosts.ANSWER: The Piano Lesson[10] In this Wilson play, former convict and baseball player Troy Maxson is now a garbage man who loves both Rose and Alberta.ANSWER: Fences<Ismail>

2. His The Hunter was displayed in the Saturday Evening Post, and a series he created was purchased by Leonard Andrews. He depicted such houses as Bradford House, Wash House, and Benjamin’s House, and he secretly painted his neighbor Helga Testorf two hundred and forty times. In one of his works, a member of the Olson family wears pink and looks toward some farm houses. For 10 points, name this American artist who depicted a disabled girl in Christina’s World.ANSWER: Andrew Newell Wyeth<Luo>

Bonus: Name these females in the Hindu pantheon, for 10 points each.[10] This consort of Shiva boasts a black, protruding tongue, wild hair, a belt of dismembered arms and a chain of decapitated heads.ANSWER: Kali [or Bhavatarini; or Kalikamata; or Kalaratri; or Kottavei][10] Like the Greek goddess Aphrodite, she arose from the foam of the sea and she is seen as a goddess of beauty. She is the mother of Kama and the consort of Vishnu.ANSWER: Lakshmi [10] This form of Sakti killed the buffalo-demon Mahisasura, rides a lion or tiger, and has eight or more arms.ANSWER: Durga<Southard>


3. In differential geometry, they are dual to one-forms defined as contravariant tensors of rank one. The prefix “pseudo-” is applied when their signs are flipped following an improper rotation. An infinite set of norms can be defined for them, although the L-1, L-2, and L-infinity are the most frequently encountered. In three dimensions, their scalar triple product can be used to determine volume, while the Gram-Schmidt procedure can be used to create an orthogonal basis set of them. These are, for 10 points, what mathematical objects that specify both magnitude and direction?ANSWER: vectors<Ismail>

Bonus: Before gas hits four dollars a gallon, answer the following about hybrid cars, for 10 points per part.[10] According to industry estimates, each model of this Toyota hybrid stays on the lot for an average of six days.ANSWER: Prius[10] The most fuel-efficient SUV hybrid is this Ford model, getting around thirty miles per gallon.ANSWER: Escape[10] By the end of the decade, this European auto manufacturer plans to unveil a hybrid version of its Cayenne SUV, although the flagship 911-997 model will remain gas-only.ANSWER: Porsche<Chuck>

4. His works include a complaint to his purse and the triple roundel “Merciless Beauty.” One of his pieces is dedicated to his son Lewis and discusses the astrolabe, while another opens with the narrator meeting Dido and Aeneas in a Temple of Glass. The pragmatism of the duck and the courtly love of the eagle are contrasted in The Parliament of Fowls, while another work starts at the Tabard Inn. For 10 points, who recounted the stories of such pilgrims as the Miller and the Wife of Bath in his Canterbury Tales?ANSWER: Geoffrey Chaucer<Berdichevsky>

Bonus: Answer each of the following about a type of radiation for 10 points.[10] These are photons with energies of 10 kilo electron volts and above. They were named by Rutherford, who first noted their difference from beta rays.ANSWER: gamma rays[10] This is the elastic scattering of a gamma ray or other photon by an electron in which the photon loses energy dependent on the scattering angle.ANSWER: Compton scattering [accept Compton effect][10] This is the polarizing elastic scattering of a gamma ray by the radiation field of an accelerated charge in which the gamma ray gains energy.ANSWER: Thompson scattering [accept Thompson effect]<Sorice>


5. Its tributaries include the Prut, Morava, and Sava, and it is formed by the confluence of the Brigach and Breg Rivers at Donaueschingen. A canal completed in 1992 connects this river to the Main River, allowing travel between the North and Black Seas. For 10 points, name this river originating in the Black Forest and passing through the capitals of Slovakia, Hungary, and Austria, the second-longest river in Europe.ANSWER: Danube River [or Donau; or Dunaj; or Duna; or Dunav; or Dunarea; or Dunay]<Mitchell>

Bonus: His reign was overshadowed by his generals Ay and Horemheb, who succeeded him to the throne in the Eighteenth Dynasty. For 10 points each:[10] Name this pharaoh, whose complete tomb, located in 1922, is perhaps the most significant find in the history of Egyptian archaeology.ANSWER: Tutankhamon[10] Tutankhamon married Ankhesenamun, the daughter of this Pharaoh, who moved the capital to Amarna and instituted a monotheistic worship of the sun god.ANSWER: Akenaton [or Amenhotep IV; prompt on Amenhotep][10] If Tutankhamon was also the son of Akenaton, it was probably by the wife Kiye and not this mother of Ankesenamun with a notable portrait and distinctive headdress.ANSWER: Nefertiti<Kendall>

6. The somewhat recently discovered Granstein cells in this structure appear to interact with suppressor T cells, and its Merkel cells can give rise to a rare but deadly cancer. It is not the pancreas, but Langerhans cells found here present antigens to helper T cells. The most common cell type in it gives rise to five layers: the strata basalum, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, and corneum, each containing keratinocytes in a gradually more differentiated, less nucleated, state. For 10 points, name this avascular tissue that is also home to melanocytes, the outermost layer of human skin.ANSWER: epidermis [prompt on "skin" until "layers"]<Keller>

Bonus: Madames Nucigen and Restaud marry wealthy men, while their father dies of apoplexy, and Vautrin kills Madame Taillefer’s brother for money. For 10 points each:[10] Identify this novel that features the recurring character Eugene Rastignac?ANSWER: Le Pere Goriot [or Old Goriot; or Father Goriot; accept equivalents for “father”][10] Le Pere Goriot is part of this seventeen-novel cycle, which also includes Eugénie Grandet, Cousin Bette, and The Lily in the Valley.ANSWER: La Comédie humaine [or The Comedy of Human Life; or The Human Comedy][10] This author of Droll Stories and The Stepmother created The Human Comedy as a commentary on French society.ANSWER: Honoré de Balzac<Luo>


7. Coast Guard Vice-Admiral Thad Allen replaced him on the ground after examination of his resume found that a claimed executive position in Edmond, Oklahoma was actually an internship. He was also forced out as head of the Arabian Horse Association. For 10 points, what man was initially told “You’re doing a heck of a job” by President Bush, but ultimately was fired as head of the Federal Emergency Management Administration for his widely criticized response to Hurricane Katrina?ANSWER: Michael D. Brown<Pickrell>

Bonus: Identify these World War II generals, for 10 points each.[10] This Kansan directed the campaign that began with the D-Day invasion of Normandy.ANSWER: Dwight David Eisenhower[10] Nicknamed “Old Blood and Guts”, he slapped a battle-fatigued soldier in 1943 and commanded the Third Army’s relief of Bastogne during the Battle of the Bulge.ANSWER: George Patton[10] Known as the father of Blitzkrieg, this German general wrote 1936’s Achtung! Panzer, a short book detailing his theories of mechanized warfare.ANSWER: Heinz Wilhelm Guderian<Douglass>

8. It is the descendant of the Biblical hag ha-asif, and it is the last of the three Shalosh R’galim on the calendar. Its seventh day is Hoshana Rabba, when the aravah, hadas, etrog, and lulav are carried about. It ends on Shemini Atzeret, and, outside Israel, it is immediately followed by Simhat Torah. It begins on the fifteenth of Tishri. For 10 points, the harvest and years of wandering are commemorated via certain structures on this holiday, often celebrated by sleeping in a makeshift “booth” outdoors?ANSWER: Sukkoth [or Sukkos]<Southard>

Bonus: Name these remote areas for 10 points each.[10] This South Pacific island was discovered by Philip Carteret and populated by descendants of the Bounty mutineers.ANSWER: Pitcairn Island[10] Name either of the two countries that quibble over the Aouzou Strip in the Sahara desert.ANSWER: Republic of Chad [or Republique du Tchad] or Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya [or Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma][10] The lowest population density of any country in the world is found here, possibly due to its harsh south, dominated by the Altai Mountains and Gobi Desert.ANSWER: Mongolia [or Mongol Uls]<Pickrell>


9. Responsibility for it is often attributed to Lord Lucan, and it came later in the same day that saw Colin Campbell’s stand of the “Thin Red Line.” Lord Raglan issued an order “to advance rapidly to the front” which meant to support James Scarlett’s initial softening of the enemy artillery on the Causeway Heights. For 10 points, Lord Cardigan interpreted that order as a direct advance into the North Valley for over a mile under constant enemy fire, leading to what engagement from the Battle of Balaclava during the Crimean War?ANSWER: the Charge of the Light Brigade<Kendall>

Bonus: Name these American photographers, for 10 points each.[10] A member of the Sierra Club, he produced landscape photographs of national parks, particularly Yosemite, as in “Moon and Half Dome.”ANSWER: Ansel Adams[10] Working for the Farm Security Administration, she captured the Great Depression in such photos as “Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California,” and “White Angel Bread Line.”ANSWER: Dorothea Lange[10] He gained fame with his pictures of First Bull Run and produced portrait photos of Abraham Lincoln and numerous Union generals.ANSWER: Mathew Brady<Frankel>

10. This author of the plays Van Zorn and The Porcupine received, from Theodore Roosevelt, a position at the New York Custom House in recognition of his “Captain Craig.” Some of his best works are found in his collections Children of the Night and The Town Down the River. His works about the residents of Tilbury Town describe a “child of scorn” as well as a man who “glittered when he walked.” For 10 points, name this poet of “Miniver Cheevy” and “Richard Corey.”ANSWER: Edwin Arlington Robinson<Douglass>

Bonus: Name the following stages in the cell cycle for 10 points each:[10] APC-Cdc20 ubiquitin ligase marks securin for destruction once kinetochores have become attached to spindles, allowing sister chromatids to segregate in this phase.ANSWER: anaphase[10] APC-Cdh1 ubiquitin ligase marks mitotic cyclins for degradation when segregating chromosomes reach their targets, allowing phosphatases to inactivate the mitotic machinery, chromosomes to decondense, and envelope to reassemble.ANSWER: telophase[10] G1 cyclin-CDK initiates this phase by phosphorylating its inhibitors and allowing SCF ubiquitin ligase to mark them for degradation by proteasomes.ANSWER: synthesis<Luo>


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