ROUTINE COAL and COKE ANALYSIS:

John T. Riley

Dr. John T. Riley, professor emeritus of Western Kentucky University, has served as secretary, vice chair, and chair of ASTM International Commit-tee D05 on Coal and Coke. He has also been chair of Subcommittee D05.29 and several D05 task groups in addition to serving as secretary of others. He has served as chair of task groups leading to the development of six standard test methods advancing instrumental coal analysis, and has written papers promoting the use of ASTM standards both domestically and internationally.

At Western Kentucky University, Riley was a professor and also Director of the Materials Characterization Center. In addition to his teaching, Riley con-ducted research in coal characteriza-tion and analysis, the development of analytical and instrumental analysis methods, and the analysis of major, minor and trace elements in materials. He was the project director for many externally funded studies and wrote or co-wrote 180 papers published in professional journals and proceed-ings as well as five books.

2nd Edition

John T. Riley

ASTM

Internationalwww.astm.orgISBN: 978-0-8031-7062-9Stock #: MNL57-2ND

Routine Coal and C

oke Analysis: 2

nd Edition

Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data

Riley is a member of the American Chemical Society, where he served as an elected councilor for the Fuel Chemistry Division for 15 years. He also chaired the International Organi-zation for Standardization (ISO) Sub-committee 5 on Methods of Analysis of Solid Mineral Fuels, a part of ISO Technical Committee 27, for 8 years.

Dr. Riley earned a B.S. in chemistry and mathematics from Western Ken-tucky University and a Ph.D. in inor-ganic and analytical chemistry from the University of Kentucky. He has won several professional awards in-cluding ASTM International’s R.A. Glenn Award (Committee D05) and Award of Merit.

John T. Riley

John T. Riley

Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data—2nd Edition

ASTM Stock Number: MNL57-2ND

ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataRiley, John T. (John Thomas), 1942- Routine coal and coke analysis : collection, interpretation, and use of analytical data / John T. Riley. – MNL57: 2nd edition.  pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8031-7062-91. Coal. 2. Coke. I. Title.  TP325.R53 2014 662.6’22–dc23

2014022846

Copyright © 2014 ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or in part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of the publisher.

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ASTM International is not responsible, as a body, for the statements and opinions advanced in the publication. ASTM International does not endorse any products represented in this publication.

Printed in Baltimore, MDSeptember 2014

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Foreword

THIS PUBLICATION, Routine Coal and Coke Analysis: Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data was sponsored by Committee D05 on Coal and Coke and it is the second edition of Manual 57 of ASTM International’s manual series.

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Contents

Foreword iii

Introduction 1

1. Classification of Coals by Rank 3

2. Microcomponents in Coal 11

3. Sampling and Sample Preparation 17

4. Coal and Coke Testing 23

5. Proximate Analysis 29

6. Ultimate Analysis 49

7. Calculating Coal Analyses from As-Determined Values to Different Bases 67

8. Miscellaneous Analysis 73

9. Developments in Instrumentation for Routine Coal and Coke Analysis 123

References 131

Index 139

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Introduction

Coal is a very heterogeneous material containing various combinations of organic matter and mineral matter. The principal elements in the organic matter are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. The mineral matter may contain detectable quantities of as many as 60 elements, which together make up the various minerals found in coal. These minerals include clay minerals, pyrite, marcasite, calcite, silica, and smaller amounts of other minerals. However, the analysis of coal is generally deter-mined from representative samples of the material and not from the individual compo-nents. Typical analysis ranges of important analytical parameters (as-received basis) for the principal ranks of coal are given in the table that follows [1]. (In this table and throughout this text all percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted.) The values for oxygen and hydrogen in this table include the hydrogen and oxygen val-ues for sample moisture. Another common practice is not to report the hydrogen and oxygen in the sample moisture as part of the hydrogen and oxygen values for the coal.

Typical Composition and Physical Property Ranges for Various Ranks of Coal

Anthracite Bituminous Subbituminous Lignite

Moisture (%) 3–6 2–15 10–25 25–45

Volatile matter (%) 2–12 15–45 28–45 24–32

Fixed carbon (%) 75–85 50–70 30–57 25–30

Ash (%) 4–15 4–15 3–10 3–15

Sulfur (%) 0.5–2.5 0.5–6 0.3–1.5 0.3–2.5

Hydrogen (%) 1.5–3.5 4.5–6 5.5–6.5 6–7.5

Carbon (%) 75–85 65–80 55–70 35–45

Nitrogen (%) 0.5–1 0.5–2.5 0.8–1.5 0.6–1.0

Oxygen (%) 5.5–9 4.5–10 15–30 38–48

Btu/lb 12,000–13,500 12,000–14,500 7500–10,000 6000–7500

Density (g/mL) 1.35–1.70 1.28–1.35 1.35–1.40 1.40–1.45

Source: Reprinted with permission from [1].

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ROUTINE COAL and COKE ANALYSIS:

John T. Riley

Dr. John T. Riley, professor emeritus of Western Kentucky University, has served as secretary, vice chair, and chair of ASTM International Commit-tee D05 on Coal and Coke. He has also been chair of Subcommittee D05.29 and several D05 task groups in addition to serving as secretary of others. He has served as chair of task groups leading to the development of six standard test methods advancing instrumental coal analysis, and has written papers promoting the use of ASTM standards both domestically and internationally.

At Western Kentucky University, Riley was a professor and also Director of the Materials Characterization Center. In addition to his teaching, Riley con-ducted research in coal characteriza-tion and analysis, the development of analytical and instrumental analysis methods, and the analysis of major, minor and trace elements in materials. He was the project director for many externally funded studies and wrote or co-wrote 180 papers published in professional journals and proceed-ings as well as five books.

2nd Edition

John T. Riley

ASTM

International

www.astm.orgISBN: 978-0-8031-7062-9Stock #: MNL57-2ND

Routine Coal and C

oke Analysis: 2

nd Edition

Collection, Interpretation, and Use of Analytical Data

Riley is a member of the American Chemical Society, where he served as an elected councilor for the Fuel Chemistry Division for 15 years. He also chaired the International Organi-zation for Standardization (ISO) Sub-committee 5 on Methods of Analysis of Solid Mineral Fuels, a part of ISO Technical Committee 27, for 8 years.

Dr. Riley earned a B.S. in chemistry and mathematics from Western Ken-tucky University and a Ph.D. in inor-ganic and analytical chemistry from the University of Kentucky. He has won several professional awards in-cluding ASTM International’s R.A. Glenn Award (Committee D05) and Award of Merit.

John T. Riley