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Rule 3 notes

RULE 3

PARTIES TO CIVIL ACTIONS

Section 1. Who may e !a"ties# !lainti$$ an% %e$en%ant.

Only natu"al o" &u"i%ical !e"sons' o" entities autho"i(e% y la) may e !a"ties in a ci*il action. The te"m +!lainti$$+

may "e$e" to the claimin, !a"ty' the counte"-claimant' the c"oss-claimant' o" the thi"% $ou"th' etc./ !a"ty !lainti$$. Thete"m +%e$en%ant+ may "e$e" to the o"i,inal %e$en%in, !a"ty' the %e$en%ant in a counte"claim' the c"oss-%e$en%ant' o"the thi"% $ou"th' etc./ !a"ty %e$en%ant.

Sec. 0. Pa"ties in inte"est.

A "eal !a"ty in inte"est is the !a"ty )ho stan%s to e ene$ite% o" in&u"e% y the &u%,ment in the suit' o" the !a"tyentitle% to the a*ails o$ the suit. Unless othe")ise autho"i(e% y la) o" these Rules' e*e"y action must e!"osecute% o" %e$en%e% in the name o$ the "eal !a"ty in inte"est.

Sec. 3. Re!"esentati*es as !a"ties.

Whe"e the action is allo)e% to e !"osecute% o" %e$en%e% y a "e!"esentati*e o" someone actin, in a $i%ucia"yca!acity' the ene$icia"y shall e inclu%e% in the title o$ the case an% shall e %eeme% to e the "eal !a"ty in

inte"est. A "e!"esentati*e may e a t"ustee o$ an e!"ess t"ust' a ,ua"%ian' an eecuto" o" a%minist"ato"' o" a !a"tyautho"i(e% y la) o" these Rules. An a,ent actin, in his o)n name an% $o" the ene$it o$ an un%isclose% !"inci!almay sue o" e sue% )ithout &oinin, the !"inci!al ece!t )hen the cont"act in*ol*es thin,s elon,in, to the !"inci!al.

Sec. 2. S!ouses as !a"ties.

usan% an% )i$e shall sue o" e sue% &ointly' ece!t as !"o*i%e% y la).

Sec. 4. 5ino" o" incom!etent !e"sons.

A mino" o" a !e"son alle,e% to e incom!etent' may sue o" e sue%' )ith the assistance o$ his $athe"' mothe"',ua"%ian' o" i$ he has none' a ,ua"%ian a% litem.

Sec. 6. Pe"missi*e &oin%e" o$ !a"ties.

All !e"sons in )hom o" a,ainst )hom any "i,ht to "elie$ in "es!ect to o" a"isin, out o$ the same t"ansaction o" se"ieso$ t"ansactions is alle,e% to eist' )hethe" &ointly' se*e"ally' o" in the alte"nati*e' may' ece!t as othe")ise !"o*i%e%in these Rules' &oin as !lainti$$s o" e &oine% as %e$en%ants in one com!laint' )he"e any 7uestion o$ la) o" $actcommon to all such !lainti$$s o" to all such %e$en%ants may a"ise in the action# ut the cou"t may ma8e such o"%e"sas may e &ust to !"e*ent any !lainti$$ o" %e$en%ant $"om ein, ema""asse% o" !ut to e!ense in connection )ithany !"ocee%in,s in )hich he may ha*e no inte"est.

Sec. 9. Com!ulso"y &oin%e" o$ in%is!ensale !a"ties.

Pa"ties in inte"est )ithout )hom no $inal %ete"mination can e ha% o$ an action shall e &oine% eithe" as !lainti$$s o"%e$en%ants.

Sec. :. Necessa"y !a"ty.

A necessa"y !a"ty is one )ho is not in%is!ensale ut )ho ou,ht to e &oine% as a !a"ty i$ com!lete "elie$ is to eacco"%e% as to those al"ea%y !a"ties' o" $o" a com!lete %ete"mination o" settlement o$ the claim su&ect o$ theaction.

Sec. ;. Non-&oin%e" o$ necessa"y !a"ties to e !lea%e%.

Whene*e" in any !lea%in, in )hich a claim is asse"te% a necessa"y !a"ty is not &oine%' the !lea%e" shall set $o"thhis name' i$ 8no)n' an% shall state )hy he is omitte%. Shoul% the cou"t $in% the "eason $o" the omissionunme"ito"ious' it may o"%e" the inclusion o$ the omitte% necessa"y !a"ty i$ &u"is%iction o*e" his !e"son may eotaine%.

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The $ailu"e to com!ly )ith the o"%e" $o" his inclusion' )ithout &usti$iale cause' shall e %eeme% a )ai*e" o$ theclaim a,ainst such !a"ty.

The non-inclusion o$ a necessa"y !a"ty %oes not !"e*ent the cou"t $"om !"ocee%in, in the action' an% the &u%,ment"en%e"e% the"ein shall e )ithout !"e&u%ice to the "i,hts o$ such necessa"y !a"ty.c"ala)

Sec. 1ailu"e o$ counsel to com!ly )ith this %uty shall e a ,"oun%$o" %isci!lina"y action.

The hei"s o$ the %ecease% may e allo)e% to e sustitute% $o" the %ecease%' )ithout "e7ui"in, the a!!ointment o$an eecuto" o" a%minist"ato" an% the cou"t may a!!oint a ,ua"%ian a% litem $o" the mino" hei"s.

The cou"t shall $o"th)ith o"%e" sai% le,al "e!"esentati*e o" "e!"esentati*es to a!!ea" an% e sustitute% )ithin a!e"io% o$ thi"ty 3

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Sec. 19. =eath o" se!a"ation o$ a !a"ty )ho is a !ulic o$$ice".

When a !ulic o$$ice" is a !a"ty in an action in his o$$icial ca!acity an% %u"in, its !en%ency %ies' "esi,ns' o"othe")ise ceases to hol% o$$ice' the action may e continue% an% maintaine% y o" a,ainst his successo" i$' )ithinthi"ty 3