rural engineering college

8/8/2019 Rural Engineering College

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RURAL ENGINEERING COLLEGERURAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

HULKOTIHULKOTI--582205582205

20082008--20092009

PRESENTATION ON:

BY:Khushboo Singh

Shalini Tamar


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CONTENTS:CONTENTS:

1.1. INTRODUCTION.INTRODUCTION.

2.2. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?

3.3. NANOMATERIALS.NANOMATERIALS.

NANOTUBES.

NANOTUBE RINGS

4. REALWORLD AND FUTURE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF

NANOTECHNOLOGY

5. APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

6. DRAWBACKS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

7. CONCLUSION

8. REFERENCES


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

To understand the very large, we must understand the veryTo understand the very large, we must understand the very

small.small.

When materials are reduced to very small dimensions, theirWhen materials are reduced to very small dimensions, their

properties undergo amazing changes. Nanotechnology is a newproperties undergo amazing changes. Nanotechnology is a newtechnology for building electronic devices with dimensionstechnology for building electronic devices with dimensions

ranging from atoms up to 100 nm with programmed precision.ranging from atoms up to 100 nm with programmed precision.

Nanotechnology has often been viewed as almost magical byNanotechnology has often been viewed as almost magical by

professionals in computer science, manufacturing, chemistryprofessionals in computer science, manufacturing, chemistry

and physicsand physics--people who are normally some of the mostpeople who are normally some of the most

skeptical and factskeptical and fact--oriented people around.oriented people around.


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WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY?WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY? Nanotechnology refers to the technology of rearranging and processing ofNanotechnology refers to the technology of rearranging and processing of

atoms and molecules to fabricate materials to nano specifications such as aatoms and molecules to fabricate materials to nano specifications such as ananometer.nanometer.

The technology will enable scientists and engineers to see and manipulateThe technology will enable scientists and engineers to see and manipulatematter at the molecular level, atom by atom, create new structures withmatter at the molecular level, atom by atom, create new structures withfundamentally new molecular organization and exploit the novel propertiesfundamentally new molecular organization and exploit the novel properties

at that scaleat that scale..


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NANOMATERIALSNANOMATERIALS

It is amazing what one can do by just putting atoms where you want them.It is amazing what one can do by just putting atoms where you want them.

Carbon is the only element in nature found with varying physical andCarbon is the only element in nature found with varying physical and

chemical characteristics. Until the discovery of the buckyball in 1985,chemical characteristics. Until the discovery of the buckyball in 1985,

carbon was known only in two forms: graphite and diamondcarbon was known only in two forms: graphite and diamond


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The material was found to be stronger than conventional carbon. ShortlyThe material was found to be stronger than conventional carbon. Shortly

afterwards, Thomas and Ajayan produced nanotubes using graphite rodsafterwards, Thomas and Ajayan produced nanotubes using graphite rods

and electricity. Some of the hot plasma resulting from the vapourisedand electricity. Some of the hot plasma resulting from the vapourised

carbon recondensed as carbon nanotubes.carbon recondensed as carbon nanotubes.

Different carbon modifications (tubes within tubes, later called multiDifferent carbon modifications (tubes within tubes, later called multi--walled carbon nanotubes) were made subsequentlywalled carbon nanotubes) were made subsequently

Engineered Nanostructures:Engineered Nanostructures:

Nanostuctured materials, such as ceramics, optical materials,Nanostuctured materials, such as ceramics, optical materials,

polymers & metals.polymers & metals.

Nanocomponents, such as coatings and connectors.Nanocomponents, such as coatings and connectors.

Nanodevices, such as sensors, switches and reactors.Nanodevices, such as sensors, switches and reactors.


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NANOTUBESNANOTUBES

Nanotubes, the hollow threads of carbon are going to change the world.Nanotubes, the hollow threads of carbon are going to change the world.

They might look like a bit of rolledThey might look like a bit of rolled--up, microscopic chicken wire, but thisup, microscopic chicken wire, but this

honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms is the stuff of engineers dream.honeycomb lattice of carbon atoms is the stuff of engineers dream.

Nanotubes are tiny tubes of carbon about 10,000 times thinner than aNanotubes are tiny tubes of carbon about 10,000 times thinner than a

human hair. These consist of rolled up sheets of mono layer or multi layerhuman hair. These consist of rolled up sheets of mono layer or multi layercarbon atoms bonded together in a hexagoncarbon atoms bonded together in a hexagon


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NANOTUBE RINGSNANOTUBE RINGS

We have found a way to convert ropes of straight nanotubes into nanotubeWe have found a way to convert ropes of straight nanotubes into nanotube

rings. The rings are composed of many layers of singlerings. The rings are composed of many layers of single--walled nanotubes,walled nanotubes,

and have a radius of typically 0.7 micron.and have a radius of typically 0.7 micron.

The rings, which we can position on metal electrodes, allow us to studyThe rings, which we can position on metal electrodes, allow us to study

novel electric transport phenomena. Shown below is an AFM micrographnovel electric transport phenomena. Shown below is an AFM micrographof aof a one micronone micron--diameter ring (the purple circle) placed over golddiameter ring (the purple circle) placed over gold

electrodes (the light blue objects).electrodes (the light blue objects).


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The rings, which we can position on metal electrodes, allow usThe rings, which we can position on metal electrodes, allow us

to study novel electric transport phenomena. Shown below isto study novel electric transport phenomena. Shown below is

an AFM micrograph of aan AFM micrograph of a one micronone micron--diameter ring (the purplediameter ring (the purple

circle) placed over gold electrodes (the light blue objects).circle) placed over gold electrodes (the light blue objects).


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The plot above shows the resistance of a ring as a function of the magneticfield applied through it.

Applying a magnetic field breaks time-reversal invariance, and the

constructive interference is lost


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REALREALWORLD AND FUTUREWORLD AND FUTURE

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OFACCOMPLISHMENTS OF

NANOTECHNOLOGYNANOTECHNOLOGY

Disappointingly, nobody has yet created a working nanotechDisappointingly, nobody has yet created a working nanotech--scale roboticscale robotic

arm, or as selfarm, or as self--replicating nanobot, or really any kind of nanomachinereplicating nanobot, or really any kind of nanomachine

In the shortIn the short--term future, it is difficult to predict what sorts of breakthroughsterm future, it is difficult to predict what sorts of breakthroughs

will be made. For example, I would never have expected the constructionwill be made. For example, I would never have expected the construction

of the abacus mentioned above.of the abacus mentioned above.

Knowing this, the Foresight Institute is already carrying out research in theKnowing this, the Foresight Institute is already carrying out research in the

designing and building of two nano technology devicesdesigning and building of two nano technology devices--a nanoscale robotica nanoscale robotic

arm and a computing device that demonstrates the feasibility of building aarm and a computing device that demonstrates the feasibility of building a

nano technology computer.nano technology computer.


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APPLICATIONS OFAPPLICATIONS OF

NANOTECHNOLOGY:NANOTECHNOLOGY: MATERIALS:MATERIALS:

Nanotechnology will enable us to make new materials.Nanotechnology will enable us to make new materials.

These new materials will be stronger, lighter, and even interactiveThese new materials will be stronger, lighter, and even interactive

MEDICINE:MEDICINE: If a genetic disease ran in your family, youd ingest nanobots that wouldIf a genetic disease ran in your family, youd ingest nanobots that would

burrow into your DNA and repair the defective gene. The uses in the medicalburrow into your DNA and repair the defective gene. The uses in the medical

field are endless.field are endless.

NANOCOMPUTERS:NANOCOMPUTERS:

With the use of Carbon Nanotube Components and Molecular ComponentsWith the use of Carbon Nanotube Components and Molecular Components

more powerful and fast computers can be mademore powerful and fast computers can be made

POWER STORAGE:POWER STORAGE:

Nanotechnology will help to build smaller and more efficient Fuel Cells FlyNanotechnology will help to build smaller and more efficient Fuel Cells Fly

Wheels. That can be used to cleanly store energyWheels. That can be used to cleanly store energy

.


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DRAWBACKS OFDRAWBACKS OF

NANOTECHNOLOGYNANOTECHNOLOGY It has been reported that nanotubes can damage lung tissues inIt has been reported that nanotubes can damage lung tissues in

mice.mice.

Terrorist may grab drugTerrorist may grab drug--resistant strains, as they are veryresistant strains, as they are very

effective, relatively cheap to produce, and east to deployeffective, relatively cheap to produce, and east to deploy For example, a few grams of anthrax (fatal, if inhaled) put inFor example, a few grams of anthrax (fatal, if inhaled) put in

envelopes could infect thousands of people, who open theenvelopes could infect thousands of people, who open the

mail.mail.

The use of modern technology does not require largeThe use of modern technology does not require large

manufacturing facilities or rare raw materials. Knowledge willmanufacturing facilities or rare raw materials. Knowledge will

play a critical role and can lead to mass destruction.play a critical role and can lead to mass destruction.


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CONCLUSION:CONCLUSION:

To sum up, human behaviour cannot fully be explained by preTo sum up, human behaviour cannot fully be explained by pre--set hardset hard

wiring of the brain.wiring of the brain.

The human mind tends to travel on ever-new paths with no specific destination.

This exercise has benefited humankind in terms of unexpected benefits from

innovations and new ideas.

Ultimately, our intuition and imagination as well as a sense of values are the best

safeguards against the victory of mindless robots.

Hence scientific community is encouraged to give timely warning against possible

risk or misuse.


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REFERENCES:REFERENCES:

Nanotechnology IEEE Transaction.Nanotechnology IEEE Transaction.

Engines of Creation by K.Eric Drexler.Engines of Creation by K.Eric Drexler.

Nano the Next Revolution by Mohan Sundara Rajan.Nano the Next Revolution by Mohan Sundara Rajan.

Solid state Physics by Basavaraj.Solid state Physics by Basavaraj.

www.google.comwww.google.com nanotechnology.nanotechnology.

Electronics for you (April 2005) &Electronics for you (April 2005) & www.efymag.comwww.efymag.com


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ANY QUERIESANY QUERIES??


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THANKING YOUTHANKING YOU

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