s mn ore overview by tan zhuzhong
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8/9/2019 's Mn Ore Overview by Tan Zhuzhong
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China Mn Ore Resource Overview
By Tan Zhuzhong, President of the National FriendshipAssociation of Mn Ore
Changsha · Hunan
2006.3.20
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Manganese ore is an important raw material in
the steel industry. Along with the development of China's steel industry, prospecting for manganeseore has also increased significantly. Below, is a brief
introduction to China’s Mn ore resources andproduction situation:
1. China’s Mn ore resourcesAt the end of 2002, China had 237 registered
manganese mines. The total quantity of manganese
ore resources/reserves was 815 million tons, holdthe resources/reserves 688 million tons, foundationreserves 201 million tons, resource reserves 487
million tons, reserves only 130 million tons.
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There are four main characteristics of Chinese
manganese ore resources : poor, thin, mixed, fine.
“Poor” means poor manganese content. The average of
manganese content is only 22%.“Thin” refers to thin mineral deposit : Most deposits are
1~1.5m in thickness.
“Mixed”: means the ore contains sulfur, phosphorus andother harmful elements. The majority of manganesecarbonate ore contains high phosphorus. It can not beused to make alloy.
“Fine” means the ore size is fine. Most manganese carbonateore granularity is 10~40u. Therefore, it is difficult toperform concentration by machinery. Manganesecarbonate resources comprise ¾ of all manganese oreresources.
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China manganese ore resources are distributed
widely throughout 21 provinces and regions in
Guangxi, Hunan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Chongqing,
Liaoning and Sichuan provinces. But the scale of deposits are all quite small. Only Guangxi Daxin
manganese mine, Guiping manganese mine,
Liaoning Wafangzhi manganese mine, Guizhou
Zunyi manganese mine and Hunan Huayuan
manganese mine reserves are bigger than 20 milliontons. Guangxi Daxin manganese mine is the
biggest one in China with resources/reserves of
over 100 million tons.
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2002 China main Mn mine resource/reserves
90.2620829439868180961110033148Total
3.952717626913263888Sichuan
5.8139993287031128775783Liaoning
5.91407000225561814211615Chongqin
g
11.1476640052138245051714817Guizhou
13.5493210080324512886556321 Yunnan
17.4119730074958447723229915Hunan
32.462233800154274691064619649Guangxi
(%)Total(kt)
Resource(kt)
Basicreserves(kt)
Reserves(kt)
Mine No.Province
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45.8% of total manganese ore resources and
reserves in China have already been explored. An
additional 48.4% have been explored in detail. The
general survey is about 5.8%. In another words
94.2% of manganese ore resources or reserves canbe used and mined. This shows China’s manganese
ore geological measurements have been well done.The investigation depth has achieved 300~500
meters generally.
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10036711Jiangxi
100151Henan
28.171637871.83417513Fujian
1001483Jilin
18.987274281.02310561Liaoning
2.9833265.43725431.593501Mongolia
17.19982382.8147301Shanxi
1001425Hebei
100281Tianjin
100351Beijing
5.80317376248.4026509911345.8025086943China
%Basic
res.(kt)
MineNo.
%Basic
res(kt)
Mine No.%Basic res.
(kt)Mine No.
General reconnaissanceReconnaissance detailedlyReconnaissance
China Mn mine reconnaissance 1
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General reconnaissanceReconnaissance detailedlyReconnaissance
%Basic res.
(kt)Mine No.%
Basicres(kt)
Mine No.%Basicres.(kt)
Mine No.
57.835207542.1737972Xinjiang
97.60170592.40421Gansu
20.292436379.9195713Shaanxi
14.775764525.7910062859.44231954 Yunan
7.345267128.2475133.025582Sichuan
100246783Chongqing
100981Hainan
1.793787750.611070352847.6210067712Guangxi
27.321568272.6741717Guangdong
2.8128451243.60441541953.595426213Hunan
0.2839199.72138626Hubei
China Mn mine reconnaissance 2
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Along with the fast growth of the China steel
industry, manganese ore demand has increased
year by year. IN addition to the increased quantity
of manganese ore imports, the Chinese
government has increased investments in
exploration for manganese mines every year in an
effort to increase national manganese ore
resources.
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1758.3812724.4Ave
1.92/t1638.3340002000
2477.41101999
2134.732601998
1033.990801997
2249.10315019961.89/t1639.09100001995
2181.88157901994
2294.3116039.41993
2910.67188019922186.24157701991
0.82/t1318.31120001990
910.5150001989
1282.6255101988
1273.87103701987
1425.97128501986
0.93/t1883.92116201985
1051.74198841984
Cost (rmb/t)Exploration expenses
(10k rmb)Exploration reserves (kt) Year
1984~2000 China exploration expenses for Mn mine
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The manganese ore geological investigation,
China manganese ore geologists established a
“high quality standard for manganese ore
prospecting” based on manganese ore resourcecharacteristic as well as technical level - high
quality manganese ore: Mn/Fe >= 6 and P/Mn <=0.003
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With a long-term prospecting strategy, China manganesemine geologists have conducted their research thoroughly to
determine manganese ore origin and manganese ore deposit
type division. This attention to quality illustrates the Chinese
system of prospecting, by proposing the deposit typology of
manganese ore by “the basin - lithic facies - contained themanganese rock series - manganese ore level - high quality
manganese ore”. They propose the new theory for
prospecting manganese mines at a latitude of 23° north.
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Some new technologies and methods have also been
applied in the manganese mine prospecting process. Since
MnCO3 a characteristic of weak magnetism, geologist have
decided to use the high accuracy magnetic prospecting, and
apply the electrical method all of which have provided good
results.
Because manganese has a vital role in the development of
the steel industry, the Chinese government has already listed
manganese in the strategic mineral resource list, using manytechnologies to develop manganese resources investigation.
So we believe China manganese reserves will be increased
continually.
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Chinese manganese ore production
China has already become the biggest
manufacturing country of SiMn, FeMn, EMM, EMD,and MnSO4 in the world. Almost all of theseproducts are produced by the internal low-grade
manganese ore except SiMn and FeMn. All EMD isproduced by low-grade MnCO3 ore; 95% of EMM isproduced by MnCO3 ore; MnSO4 is produced byMn35% MnO2.
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China Mn series products output
180160MnSO46
146117EMD5
566494EMM4
230M、LCFeMn3
2680SiMn2
1250HCFeMn1
In 2005/ktIn 2004/ktItemNo.
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China has 600 manganese mines. Theoverwhelming majority are small mines. Only 25
mines have an output of over 100kt mt. The total
productivity is 12000ktpa. In 2004 the total output
was 10150kt, including 45% MnCO3 and 55% MnO2.
In 2005 the domestic manganese ore output still at
counts, but it probably is same as in 2004.
Estimated domestic manganese ore output will beable to surpass 12 million tons in 2010. Producers
are located in 12 provinces.
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MnCO3 (Mn
18%)
MnO2 (38%)
55%
45%
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2004 China Mn ore output
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Mn ore output/kt 1700 1600 1400 1300 1150 900 500 350 250 250 150 100
Cho
ngq
Gua
ngx
Hun
an
Sha
nxi
Yun
nan
Gui
zho
Lia
oni
Hub
ei
Fuj
ian
Sha
anx
Gua
ngd
Sic
hua
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2004 China main Mn mine & company
25.8719.9130Guizhou Zunyi Mn mine15
26.0020130Hunan Huayuan Paiwu Mn mine14
27.0018.0150Hunan Huayuan Hengtai13
27.6023.0120Shanxi Lingqiu Zhongyuan12
27.9019.5140Hunan Huayuan Dongfang11
27.9018.6150Chongqing Xiushan Laoshangou10
28.2023.5120Shanxi Lingqiu Hengtai9
32.004080 Yunnan Heqing Mn mine8
36.0024150Shanix Lingqiu Jindi7
37.0025150Shanxi Lingqiu Mn company6
55.0028195Guangxi Tianden Mn mine558.0017350Hubei Changyang Mn mine4
60.0024250 Yunnan Wendoushan Mn mine3
66.0022300Chongqing Chengkou Mn mine2
92.4330308Guangxi Daxin Mn mine1
Mn content/ktMn%Output/ktCompany NameNo.
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Because many China manganese deposits
are small, thin and have low mining returns-ratio,only about 55% of mines over 100,000tpa achieve70~75% mining returns-ratio. The best returns-ratiois about 85%.
Only a few manganese mines like GuangxiDaxing, Guangxi Tiaden and Fujian Liancheng areopen mines, all others are underground mines.Mine ecological environment and safety have hadalready experienced great improvement. But thepartial small mines still have many problems andneed further diligent improvement.
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In order to enhance the manganese content to satisfy
demand, we did extensive research in mechanical separation
by gravity selection, the flotation process selection, the
magnetic separation as well as the bacterium selection
successively. We have obtained very good results using
magnetic separation. Five kinds of machines are used in the
processing. Presently, the DPMS series cylinder permanentmagnetic ore separator is being used in Zhongxing Dameng
Manganese Mine Industry Co., Ltd. Besides, Yunan Doushan
manganese mine and Fujian Liancheng manganese mine
have also achieved in the application. The ore concentrate
may enhance 3~5%, MnO2 in Liancheng may enhance above
10%.
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China has solved effectively the low grade ironmanganese ore concentration problem. In 2004 weproduced more than 1.4 million tons manganese
sinter with Mn35% content. It provided the highquality raw material for the SiMn industry.
Although we have done extensive work inmanganese resources investigation, as theresources is limited we have to import large amountsof high grade manganese ore from overseas to
supply the Chinese steel industry.
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2000-2005 China import Mn ore quantity
0
2000
4000
6000
Quantity/kt 1200 1710 2080 2860 4640 4570
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
In 2005 the Chinese government issued a new exportation policy and
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In 2005 the Chinese government issued a new exportation policy and
the manganese ore import quantity has reduced since September
2005. It drops 1.4% compared in 2004 (4.5784 million tons). However,the price rose 18.5% compared in 2004 (US$149.29/ton). In 2005
China imported manganese ore for the following countries:
Australian - 1.5689 million tons;
Gabonese - 611,700 tons;
Ghana - 554,400 tons;
Brazil - 553,200 tons;South Africa - 355,800 tons;
Burma - 271,600 tons;
U.S - 185,400 tons;India - 142,100 tons;
Kazakhstan - 89,900 tons;
Vietnam - 57,100 tons;
Indonesia - 48,900 tons
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2005 China import Mn ore quantity and country
48.9Indonesia
57.1View Nam
89.9Kazakstan142.1India
185.4U.S
271.6Burma
355.8South Africa
553.2Brazil
554.4Ghana
611.7Gabon
1568.9AustraliaQuantity/ktCountry
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3, Forecast
Looking for high-grade and easily mined
manganese ore is the top goal for Chinesegeologists. But at present the availability of low-grade ore is great and high-grade ore is rare, asituation impossible to change in the short term.
Saving resources, enhancing the mining
returns-ratio, environment protection are all still thepriorities for China manganese mine direction.
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Chinese engineers and technicians havealready achieved the solution independently to uselow grade of MnCO3 ore. Now 90% of EMM and 50%of EMD in the world is produced using low gradeMnCO3 ore.
Using internal and import manganese ore is thelong-term strategy for the China manganese industry.When the price is reasonable, manganese imports
will be over 5 million tons a year.
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Thanks everybody!
Special thanks for three professors - Song Xiong,
Mao Yiming and Li Tongqing to provide the most
recent data.