s top t aking a voidable r isks a behavior based accident prevention program

STOPTAKING AVOIDABLERISKS

A Behavior Based Accident Prevention Program

COURSE OUTLINE

Myths vs. Truths Module 1: Background Module 2: Operational Risk Mgmt Module 3: Employee Training Module 4: Inspections Module 5: Accident Prevention Module 6: Personal Protection Equip Module 7: Accident Case Management Module 8: Motor Vehicle Case Management The “Ten Commandments” of Safety

ATTITUDEThe longer I live, the more I realize the impact “Attitude” has on life. Attitude, to me, is more important than facts. It is more important than the past, than education, than money, than circumstances, than failures, than successes, than what other people think or say or do. It is more important than appearance, giftedness or skill. It will make or break a company, a church, or a home. The remarkable thing is we have a choice everyday regarding the attitude we will embrace. We cannot change our past, we cannot change the fact that people will act in a certain way, we cannot change the inevitable. The only thing we can do is plan on the one string we have, and that is our attitude. Life is 10% of what happens to me and 90% how I react to it…we are in charge of our…ATTITUDE.

Charles Swindell

MYTHS vs. TRUTHS

Myth – Safety is zero accidents and injuriesTruth – Accidents and injury statistics measure the

aftermath of unsafe actsMyth – Correcting unsafe conditions will eliminate most

injuriesTruth – Most injuries result from people’s actions Myth – If you create enough rules, policies and

procedures, people won’t get injuredTruth – Rules and procedures may encourage safe

actions, but are only as effective as the consequence they predict

MYTHS vs. TRUTHS

Myth – 100% Compliance = 100% SafetyTruth – 100% Compliance only achieves a minimum

acceptable standard for safetyMyth – Observation audits indicate how safely jobs are

being performedTruth – Observation audits only reveal deficiencies in

employee knowledge or skillMyth – Declining injury rates mean safety is improvingTruth – Declining injury rates mean fewer people have

been reported injured (in most cases)

MYTHS vs. TRUTHS

Myth – Stopping unsafe acts means safe acts occur more frequently

Truth – For safe acts to occur more frequently, they must be actively acknowledged and recognized

Myth – Threat of disciplinary action increases safe behavior

Truth – Threat of disciplinary action stops unsafe acts temporarily, but fosters resentment and negative attitudes

MYTHS vs. TRUTHS

Myth – Properly trained people will work safely

Truth – People are well-trained when they have the skills and knowledge to work safely – Training cannot change motivational factors associated with day-to-day tasks

Myth – Safety incentive programs reinforce safety behaviors and attitudes

Truth – Incentive programs often function as “giveaways” unrelated to increased safety

From an 1996 article in Professional Safety Magazine. Published by Am.. Society of Safety Engineers

Module 1: Background

Supervisor Responsibility“Employees who exercise supervisory functions shall, to

the extent of their authority, furnish employees employment and a place of employment which are free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm. They shall also comply with safety and health standards applicable to their agency.”

- OSHA 29CFR1960.9- USDOC Safety Manual, Chapter 2, Section 6


Employee Responsibility“Each employee shall comply with the standards, rules,

regulations and orders issued by the agency and per Executive Order 12196. Each employee shall use safety equipment, personal protective equipment and other devices and shall follow procedures provided or directed by the agency and necessary for their protection.”

- OSHA 29CFR1960.9- USDOC Safety Manual, Chapter 2, Section 7


Safety Performance Evaluations for Supervisors- Administrator’s memo dated 12/02/02- Administrator’s four elements of performance measurements for supervisors

Fosters a safe working environment for all employees, by: Successfully completing approved workplace safety training. Promoting workplace and home safety awareness. Conducting and documenting monthly inspections in areas of

responsibility (Use forms CD 573 or CD574) Ensuring that any unsafe conditions in the workplace are addressed

in an expedient manner.

Module 2: Operational Risk Management (ORM)

What is ORM Operational Risk Management is a decision

making tool used by workers at all levels to increase operational effectiveness by anticipating hazards and reducing the potential for loss, thereby increasing the probability of a successful operation.

Module 2: Operational Risk Management

Terms– Hazard – A condition with the potential to

cause personal injury, death or property damage

– Risk – An expression of possible loss in terms of severity and probability

– Risk Assessment – Process which includes detecting hazards and assessing associated risks


ORM Process (A Five Point Shield)

Identify

Supervise Assess

ImplementControls Decide


When to Apply ORM– ORM should be applied anytime a new

process which has a degree of hazard is going to be introduced into the workplace

– When a new employee is hired– As a refresher for all employees

The use of ORM will help reduce or eliminate the probability of an accident

Module 2: ORM (STAR Observation and Tracking forms)

Tracking of Observations

- Formal Observations should be recorded– For tracking and trending of unsafe

conditions or acts– Supports your performance appraisal

Forms are available through your RSM or ECSD-HQ

(Tom Altvater, (301) 713-2870 ext132).

Email: [email protected]

NOAA STAR PROGRAM

APPENDIX B - SAMPLE

NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATIONSAFETY OBSERVATION FORM

Instructions: Prior to making your observation, review checklist items on this form. Upon entering the observationarea, spend 20-30 seconds closely observing behaviors, conditions, and procedures. Mentally note them and returnto fill out the observation form. Note at least one corrective action for each observation. Review with employee,stressing the employee’s anonymity, and commend or correct all observed actions. End by thanking employee.

Supervisor Line Office ______________________________ Union Steward_____________________________ (If Applicable) Facility/Ship_____________________________

Date Department ______________________________ Time ____________________________

Description of observation:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Action(s) Taken: (i.e. commended employee, corrected unsafe condition, etc.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Potential for Injury or Deficiencies noted: _________________________________________________________

Personal Protective Equipment Position Tools

_____Eyes & Face _____Struck by or Against _____Correct tool for job?_____Ears/Noise _____Caught between _____Proper Use_____Hands _____Fall or Trip _____Condition of Tool_____Feet _____Temperature _____Respiratory _____Lifting

Facilities Procedures Behaviors

_____Cleanliness/Housekeeping _____Written task procedures? _____Communicates?_____Work area design _____Were they followed? _____Eye contact /hazard?_____Floor Surfaces _____Are they adequate? _____Work pace (behind)?

Module 2. ORM (Tracking Observations)

Tracking Observations Monthly- This is a summary report submitted to management (NAO pending)- See example in your hand-out- These can be tracked on Excel or Access - Kept on file by supervisor

NOAA STAR PROGRAM

Stop Taking Avoidable Risks (STAR) Month:

Name of Facility/

Area

Supervisor

Name

Periodic Safety

Meeting

Week

# 1

Week

# 2

Week

# 3

Week

# 4

Module 3: Employee Training

What Training is Required– A worksite assessment should be conducted

to help identify the specific hazards and determine the type of training required

– Once training is determined, supervisors should take appropriate measures to ensure employees receive the training in accordance with USDOC and Line Office safety regulations

DoC Safety Manual. Chapter 6


Attendance Records or Rosters– Attendance Rosters are used to help

document the training and give proper credit to those receiving training

– Records should be kept for 5 years within each workers history jacket (OSHA requirement) and copies shall be made available to all employees upon request

DoC Safety Manual Chapter 6


Safety Training for the general workforce

- All NOAA employees should review the online safety awareness course (available in 2003)

- Individual Advanced Training (job-specific) should be taken at the following web site address:

- http://www.keller-itc.com

(Contact Tom Altvater for additional information)

Introduction to OSHA

Aids in the Workplace

HAZWOPER

Asbestos Awareness

Hearing Conservation

Confined Spaces

Drug-Free Workplace

Personal Protective Equipment

Blood Borne Pathogens

Ladder Safety

Energy Control (LO/TO)

Material Handling - Construction

Electrical Safety

Ergonomics in the Office

Respiratory Protection

Excavations

Scaffolding - Construction

Fall Protection

First Aid

Forklift Training

Spill Prevention

Hazard Communications

Defensive Driving

Module 4: Inspections

Inspecting Your Work Area– As a supervisor you should periodically

inspect your work spaces to ensure employee compliance and identify structural degradation

– Inspections allow you to identify unsafe working conditions or practices


Inspection Checklist– An inspection checklist has been developed

to help you identify specific issues (CD-574)– A checklist includes items such as noise,

indoor air quality, lighting, ergonomics, etc… – Contact your Regional Safety Manager for

guidance to help you maintain compliance and provide a safe working environment


Inspections conducted by Regional Safety Manager (RSM) – This includes periodic and follow up

inspections to include special requests. Inspections by the Environmental

Compliance and Safety Division (ECSD)– Major inspections and special requests.


Employee Unsafe/ Unhealthful Working Conditions– Management shall ensure that a mechanism

which allows employees to report unsafe or unhealthful working conditions without fear of discrimination, restraint, interference, coercion or reprisal, is addressed and posted

– USUH forms (CD-351) shall be submitted directly to the Regional Safety Manager

Module 5: Accident Prevention

What is your definition of an “Accident”?


What is an Accident- an unplanned event- an unplanned incident involving injury or fatality- a series of events culminating in an unplanned and unforeseen event


How do Accidents occur?- Accidents (with or without injuries) occur when a series of unrelated events coincide at a certain time and space.

-This can be from a few events to a series of a dozen or more

(Because the coincidence of the series of events is a matter of luck, actual accidents only happen infrequently)


What are unsafe acts??

- Watch the video

“Life is for Living”


Why do we investigate accidents?- To find out what happened

- To identify the cause(s)

- Do NOT look for employee fault or blame!

TO PREVENT REOCCURENCE


Focus on system failure, not people- Accidents are usually a culmination of a number of events

- Look for system failures that let this event happen

- Find out how many events make up a typical accident, review the Fishbone process


What is a Fishbone Analysis?- It is a visual representation of the individual elements that make up the series of events involving involving the accident/ injury- A process improvement analytical tool used in accident investigations- Useful in determining the path for root-cause by setting severity weights on each element


×


Unsafe Acts- An unsafe act occurs in approx 85%- 95% of all analyzed accidents with injuries

- An unsafe act is usually the last of a series of events before the accident occurs (it could occur at any step of the event)

- By stopping or eliminating the unsafe act, we can stop the accident from occurring


- Although an accident could occur with the first unsafe act, studies have shown that between 300 to 1000 of the same unsafe acts occur before an injury is sustained

- This is mainly due to the other series of events that may not align


Human Factors (types of unsafe acts)– Negligence– Anger/Temper– Hasty Decisions– Indifference– Distractions


Human Factors– Curiosity– Inadequate Instructions– Poor Work Habits– Over-Confidence– Lack of Planning


Reinforcing of SAFE work/ tasks- is as important as stopping unsafe behavior

- must be conducted with the safety of the employee in mind at all times

- sends a positive message to your workers

- allows for employee recognition for safe practices

Module 6: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Requirements for PPE– Have your work areas evaluated to

determine the hazardous exposures– Factor in engineering controls– Implement Administrative controls– Determine the PPE, ensure employees are

trained– Oversight/ Check for changes

Module 7: Accident Case Management

Initial response– Secure the scene from existing hazards– Seek medical attention for injured employee– Employees shall be instructed to report all accidents

to you immediately (unless medical treatment is required)

– Supervisor shall initiate a preliminary investigation and shall secure the area of accident to prevent disruption of scene

– Supervisor shall notify senior management if required


How to investigate accidents– Upon notification of accident, secure the scene

for investigators– Collect statements from witnesses– Collect statement from injured employee (if

possible, or upon their return from treatment)– Document information on accident forms CD-

137 and CA-1. If off-site medical treatment is required, fill out a CA-16, “Authorization of Medical Treatment” and give it to the employee for use at the medical facility


Accident Report Forms– A CD-137, US Department of Commerce– CA-1/CA-2, US Department of Labor – There are separate sections for both the

employee and supervisor to fill out on each form

– Contact your RSM for assistance


Submission of accident reports– The original CD-137 shall be submitted to

your Regional Safety Manager (make copies for your files)

– Your Original CA-1or CA-2 shall be sent to:CCSI, L.P.

300 E. Royal LaneIrving, Texas 75039

Attn: James Gonzales (800) 743-2231, ext. 394 Email: [email protected]

- Send copies of all CA forms to your RSM!!

Safety Metrics FY03 (first six months)

Number of IncidencesNumber of Incidences

19

15

7

2

18

12

21

6

4

17

1 1 10

5

10

15

20

NMFS

NOSNW

SOAR

NFA

NMAO

NESDIS

1st Quarter

2nd Quarter

Safety Metrics

Line Office Near Miss Minor First Aid Recordable Light Duty Lost Time Fatality TotalNMFS 0 5 16 11 0 2 0 34NOS 0 3 1 5 0 0 0 9NWS 0 9 7 11 0 3 0 30OAR 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 3NFA 0 3 2 5 0 0 0 10

NMAO 0 2 6 9 0 0 1 18NESDIS 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2TOTAL 0 23 33 43 1 5 0 105

OSHA Incidents 0 0 0 43 1 5 1 50

Mid-term FY 03 Incidents by Line OfficeMid-term FY 03 Incidents by Line Office

Safety Metrics

Nature of Injuries Injuries by CausesStrain/Repetitive 39% Slips/Trips/Falls 37%Contusions 24% Material Handling 33%Frac/Cuts/Punctures 19% Striking/Struck by 13%MISC (chemtox) 18% Indoor Air Quality 9%

Injuries by Body Part Injuries by Case TypeHands/ Fingers 24% Reportable 40%Trunk/ Back 22% First Aid 31%Legs/ Hips 18% Minor 22%Face/ Eyes/ Head 15% Reportable Lost Time 5%Multiple Injuries/ Misc. 14% Reportable Light Duty 1%

Reportable Fatality 1%

Module 8: Motor Vehicle Case Management

Motor Vehicle Accident Reports– For motor vehicle accident, an SF-91 shall be filled

out (motor vehicle accident form) and sent to GSA(if

vehicle is GSA type)with copies to the ASC Vehicle Manager

– If damage occurs to a privately owned-vehicle, a TORT Claim form (SF-95), shall be filled out and submitted to the DOC, Office of General Counsel by the POV owner

Contact your ASC Vehicle Manager (WASC – Kris Byrd,

(206) 526-6046) or RSM for assistance

The “Ten Commandments” of Safety

1. Care for your workers as you would care for your family at home.

2. Know the rules of safety that apply to the work you supervise.

3. Anticipate the risks that may arise from changes in equipment or procedures.

4. Encourage employees to discuss with you the hazards of their work.

5. Follow through with recommendations and corrective actions.

The “Ten Commandments” of Safety

Set a good personal example.

7. Investigate and analyze every accident.

8. Cooperate with those in the organization who are concerned with workplace safety.

9. Accident prevention reduces human suffering and loss.

10. When in doubt, contact your safety representative or Regional Safety Manager for guidance and assistance.

STARs TRAINING

Joe DuranRegional Safety Manager

(206) 526-6049 voice(206) 525-6675 fax

[email protected]/services/fld/safety.htm

www.ecs.noaa.gov/safety.html

s top t aking a voidable r isks a behavior based accident prevention program

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