sabbi barley program ●smart breeding (selection with markers and advanced reproductive...
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SABBI Barley Program
● SMART breeding (Selection with Markers and Advanced Reproductive Technologies)
● Conventional breeding● Doubled haploid production ● Marker assisted selection
Program Goal
Develop SAB brand aligned barley varietieswith superior:
● Yield potential● Stability● Agronomic characteristics● Disease resistance● Malting quality● Brewing qualityfor the Southern Cape dry land area and the Northern Cape irrigation areas
Southern Cape: Dry land ± 150 000 tons
Northern Cape: Irrigation ± 70 000 tons
Barley producing areas of South Africa
Research facility near Caledon in Southern Cape
Trial and F-generation material under irrigation
Phase 1: CrossingCollect germplasmMaking crosses
Phase 2: Selection in F-generationsPhase 3: Trial evaluationPhase 4: Commercial evaluationPhase 5: Seed production and
maintenance
Phase 1: CrossingCollect germplasmMaking crosses
Phase 2: Selection in F-generationsPhase 3: Trial evaluationPhase 4: Commercial evaluationPhase 5: Seed production and
maintenance
Conventional breeding Program
CrossesF1F2F3F4F5Elite 1Elite 2Elite 3LE 1LE 2LE 3LE 4LE 5
Comm Yr 1Comm Yr 2Comm Yr 3Comm Yr 4Seed multiplicationCommercial production
123456789101112131415161718
Limited qualityevaluation
Micro malting
Experimental release
Final release
4000 lines
SABBI Barley Program
Collect germ plasmCollect germ plasmGerm plasm are collected from allover the world to address the deficiencies in the program
Germ plasm are collected from allover the world to address the deficiencies in the program
Conventional breeding Program
Phase1: Crossing
Most important characteristics
Agronomic
characteristics Brewing
quality
Malt quality
• Yield• Plumpness• Kernel nitrogen• Maturity • Straw length• Straw strength• Disease resistance
• Fermentability • Brewing yield• Starch gelatinisation temp• Filterability• Haze potential• Taste stability
• Extract • Kolbach Index• FAN• Diastatic activity
•Viscosity•AAL•Beta glucan
Making crossesMaking crosses
Conventional breeding Program
Phase1: Crossing
Plant breeding parents
Cross breeding parents
Phase 2: Selection in F-generationsPhase 2: Selection in F-generations
Conventional breeding Program
Conventional breeding Program
Phase 2: Selection in F-generations
CrossesF1F2F3F4F5Elite 1Elite 2Elite 3LE 1LE 2LE 3LE 4LE 5
Comm Yr 1Comm Yr 2Comm Yr 3Comm Yr 4Seed multiplicationCommercial production
123456789101112131415161718
Limited qualityevaluation
Micro malting
Experimental release
Final release
4000 lines 5000 lines 4000 lines 3000 lines
SABBI Barley Program
Single plant selection in wide rows from F2 to F4 generation for characteristics like tillering, straw strength and height, maturity and disease resistance; single row selection in F5 on same characteristics to be proceeded to Evaluation phase
Conventional breeding Program
Phase 3: Trial evaluation
CrossesF1F2F3F4F5Elite 1Elite 2Elite 3LE 1LE 2LE 3LE 4LE 5
Comm Yr 1Comm Yr 2Comm Yr 3Comm Yr 4Seed multiplicationCommercial production
123456789101112131415161718
Experimental release
Final release
1000 lines 1 location180 lines 2 locations46 lines 2 locations25 lines 12 locations25 lines 12 locations
Micro malting
SABBI Barley Program
Plant blocks at different localities and evaluate for yield, plumpness, kernel nitrogen, germination energy, disease resistance and malting quality (Extract, KI, Viscosity, AAL, beta-glucans, FAN, DP)
Conventional breeding Program
Phase 4: Commercial evaluation
CrossesF1F2F3F4F5Elite 1Elite 2Elite 3LE 1LE 2LE 3LE 4LE 5
Comm Yr 1Comm Yr 2Comm Yr 3Comm Yr 4Seed multiplicationCommercial production
123456789101112131415161718
Experimental release
Final release
SABBI Barley Program
After experimental release varieties are planted by commercial producers for SABM and SAB to evaluate for malting and brewing quality for three years:
Year 1, 350t Year 2, 1000tYear 3, 3000t
Conventional breeding Program
Phase 5: Seed production
CrossesF1F2F3F4F5Elite 1Elite 2Elite 3LE 1LE 2LE 3LE 4LE 5
Comm Yr 1Comm Yr 2Comm Yr 3Comm Yr 4Seed multiplicationCommercial production
123456789101112131415161718
Experimental release
Final release
SABBI Barley Program
In the Southern Cape Breeder and Foundation seed are produced. Foundation seed are sold to Agricultural businesses who produce Certified seed to be sold to the producers. Under irrigation we are involved in the whole seed chain.
Doubled Haploid Production
Marker Assisted Selection
Doubled Haploid Production
Marker Assisted Selection
Extension in programExtension in program
SABBI Barley Program
• Doubled Haploid production
• Marker Assisted Selection
• Doubled Haploid production
• Marker Assisted Selection
SABBI Barley Program
Extension in program
CrossesF1F2F3F4F5Elite 1Elite 2Elite 3LE 1LE 2LE 3LE 4LE 5
Comm Yr 1Comm Yr 2Comm Yr 3Comm Yr 4Seed multiplicationCommercial production
123456789101112131415161718
Limited qualityevaluation
Micro malting
Experimental release
Final release
Doubled Haploids
Marker assisted selection
SABBI Barley Program
Doubled haploid production
● The production of true breeding lines within one year to shorten the release time of new cultivars with three to four years
● F1 seed (and sometimes F2 seed) from selected crosses are used to produce Doubled haploid plants
Double haploid productionMicrospore methodMicrospore method
Double haploid production
Anthers plated on mediumAnthers plated on medium Calli develop from anthersCalli develop from anthers Calli transplanted onto regeneration medium anddoubled haploid plantsdevelop
Calli transplanted onto regeneration medium anddoubled haploid plantsdevelop
Anther culture methodAnther culture method
Marker assisted selection
● The early identification of specific characteristics in the progeny of a specific cross.
● Especially important for characteristics which is difficult to identify or measure in a conventional way
● Indirect selection process through the ID of a unique DNA sequence occurring in proximity to a desired gene, by molecular techniques
● Contracted to CENGEN
Marker Assisted SelectionTrait Chromosome Origin
Grain brightness 3H Franklin
Grain brightness 2H Harrington
Malt extract, diastatic power, α-amylase, free α-amino nitrogen, β-glucan
1H Alexis
α-amylase 5HL Harrington
Diastatic power 4HL Harrington
Diastatic power 5HL Harrington
Wort content (sucrose) 4HL Derkado
Example of markers developed for specific traits Example of markers developed for specific traits
