The purpose of this standard is to provide a uniform method for determining the SAE struck capacity and rated capacity. The volume calculations used results in a realistically conservative heaped volume. The calculations are based on the inside physical dimensions of the bucket only without regard to bucket action provided by any particular machine. for rating purposes, a nominal heaped load with a 2:1 angle of repose is to be used with bucket orientation dictated by the strike plane defined in paragraph 3.1. This in no way implies that the loader linkage must carry the bucket oriented in this attitude, or that all materials will naturally have a 2:1 angle of repose. This standard applies to buckets of loaders (as defined by SAE J1057a, Identification Terminology of Earthmoving Machines). This method applies primarily to buckets having parallel sides and a cutting edge parallel to the top edge of the top edge of the back sheet. Moderately clipped back sheet corners will introduce no appreciable errors. bucke tteeth, tooth adapters, as well as other similar local discontinuities are ignored. (a) Interpretation of irregular shaped cutting edges is identified in paragraph 4.4. (b) Interpretation of irregular shaped side sheets is identified in paragraph 4.5.

El propósito de este estándar es proporcionar un método uniforme para determinar la capacidad SAE golpeó y la capacidad nominal. Los cálculos de volumen utilizado genera un volumen colmada con realismo conservador. Los cálculos se basan en las dimensiones físicas dentro de la cubeta sólo sin tener en cuenta a la acción cubeta proporcionada por cualquier máquina en particular . para los propósitos de calificación, una carga apilada nominal con un ángulo de 02:01 de reposo es para ser utilizado con la orientación cubo dictada por el plano huelga definido en el apartado 3.1 . Esto de ninguna manera implica que el varillaje del cargador debe llevar el cubo orientado en esta actitud , o que todos los materiales , naturalmente, tendrá un ángulo de 2:01 de reposo . Esta norma se aplica a los cubos de cargadores ( según la definición de SAE J1057a , Identificación Terminología de las máquinas de movimiento de tierras ) . Este método se aplica principalmente a los cubos que tienen lados paralelos y un borde de corte paralelo al borde superior del borde superior de la hoja posterior . Moderadamente recortadas volver esquinas de las hojas introducirán errores apreciables . tteeth bucke , adaptadores de dientes , así como otras discontinuidades locales similares se ignoran . ( a) Interpretación de los bordes de corte de forma irregular se identifica en el punto 4.4 . ( b ) Interpretación de las hojas laterales de forma irregular se identifica en el punto 4.5 .

Estimating Bucket Capacity

Volume = Cross Sectional Area x Length

We all know that the volume is calculated by multiplying Width x Height x Length or Area of the end x Length. But what if the area is not a simple geometric shape, or in the

case of Heavy Equipment Buckets, how do you define the shape for the volume to be calculated?

The total amount of material carried by a bucket is the amount inside the bucket plus the amount piled on top of it. This is called the Heaped or Rated Capacity. The amount of material piled on top of the bucket, (heap), is determined by the angle of repose of the material being handled. The Society for Automotive Engineers, SAE, for purposes of creating a standard for comparatively rating buckets, has defined two different angles of repose:

Wheel Loader Buckets; 2:1 Hydraulic Excavator Buckets; 1:1

Of course, if Actual Capacity is being calculated for a specific bucket to handle a specific material for which an actual angle of repose is known, then the actual angle of repose is substituted.

Calculating the capacity of odd shaped objects was not an easy task before the use of computers and CAD drafting came into common use. The formal method involved breaking the shape down into geometric shapes, calculating the area of each them and adding all the areas together for the total cross sectional area. Alternately, a planimeter was used to directly measure it.

Today, if sufficient information is available to duplicate the shape with a computer CAD program, the area of any shape can be accurately calculated in a few seconds. Our Field Worksheet, "Measuring Wheel Loader Buckets" is an example of the detail needed to define a shape so that an accurate capacity can be calculated. Buckets for Hydraulic Excavators require similar information but we have not yet published a field worksheet.

Below is a 6 step graphical method for estimating the Heaped or Rated capacity of buckets. It approximates the results that would be obtained by using the more formal methods CWS uses as outlined in:

RATING BUCKETS - Wheel Loaders RATING BUCKETS - Hydraulic Excavators

Six Steps to Estimating Bucket Capacity

1 Trace the outline of the bucket to be measured on a large piece of cardboard or paper. While interior shape should be accurate, the exterior shape can be included as reference.

1 - Trace Bucket Shape

2 Define the Cross Section of the load by constructing the heap area on top of the area contained within the bucket.

Start by drawing a base line between the cutting edge and the top of the spillboard

At the center of that line, draw a new line perpendicular to the first. For Wheel Loader Buckets using the 2:1 heap, the

2 - Define Cross Section of Load - Construct "Heap" and add to Inside Load

perpendicular line should be 1/4 the length of the base line. For Excavator buckets using the 1:1 heap, it should be 1/2 the length

Connect the ends of the base line to the end of the perpendicular line to enclose the heap.

3 Draw a grid of horizontal and vertical lines over the whole bucket load. For larger buckets the lines can be on 12" centers yielding squares of 1 square foot each. For smaller buckets, use a smaller grid, perhaps 6" centers to yield 1/4 square foot per square, for more accuracy.

3 - Draw a grid over the load area

4 Sequentially number all the whole squares that cover the load in the bucket ignoring for the moment, any parts of the load that are not covered by whole squares.

4 - Count up all the whole squares covering the load

5 Group bits and pieces of partial squares to add up to whole squares.Count up all the additional squares that are made up of all the small pieces. (Try to be accurate but don't go overboard with this exercise. Where some squares might be a little under filled, others will be over, canceling out error.) In this illustration we have 52 squares so the cross sectional area of this load is 52 square feet.

5 - Group partial squares into whole squares

6 Calculate the volume by

Volume is: 52 sq. ft. x 12.33 feet = 641.33 cu. ft. Or expressed as Cubic Yards is 641 / 27 = 23.7 Yards3 Where this method has

multiplying the cross sectional area in square feet by the length in feet. Using the 148" width as an example: 148 inches in feet is:148 / 12 = 12.33 feet In North America, most bucket capacities are expressed in cubic yards so it is important to know that one cubic yard contains: 1 yard = 3 feetso3 ft. x 3 ft. x 3 ft. = 27 cubic feet

only applied the angle of repose in two dimensions, the SAE Standard Formula applies it in three. Therefore experience tells us that the actual rated capacity of this bucket will be closer to: 23 or 23.25 Yd3 6 Calculate Volume