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Safety Management in RPAS Operations ICAO Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Symposium

Montreal 24th March 2015

Michael Gadd Policy Specialist, UAS & Spaceplanes UK CAA Safety and Airspace Regulation Group

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Background

Certification issues Annex 6 requires commercial

air transport operators to have an Air Operator Certificate Annex 2, Appendix 4 requires

all RPAS operators to have an RPAS operator certificate (ROC) Annex 19 requires States, as

part of their State Safety Programme, to require air transport operators to implement a safety management system (SMS)

ICAO Requirements

States to develop a State

Safety Programme

(SSP)

Service providers to

develop Safety Management

Systems (SMS)

Annex 19

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Roles and Safety Responsibilities

State Safety Programme (SSP) oversight of RPAS operators SMS safety data collection, analysis and exchange mandatory and voluntary incident reporting system

States to develop a State

Safety Programme

(SSP)

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Roles and Safety Responsibilities

RPAS Operators SMS established in accordance with the SMS framework

elements contained in Appendix 2 to Annex 19; and Commensurate with the size and complexity of its

operations

Service providers to

develop Safety Management

Systems (SMS)

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Roles and Safety Responsibilities

RPAS operator is responsible for the safety performance of products or services provided by contractors

Service providers to

develop Safety Management

Systems (SMS)

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Roles and Safety Responsibilities

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What is an SMS ?

Its how we stay safe It helps us make better risk decisions Needs to go beyond prescriptive rules It recognises human and organisational factors Its more than a manual Its what you do

Through safety management systems, we can shape aviations future by continuing to drive down safety risk. John Hickey, FAA

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It also helps when things goes wrong Typically - We dont know all the facts before we need to make decisions We try to find someone to blame Today the Media may decide for us We focus on the last line of defence

rather than the other failed defences

Spanish train crash driver 'may have been on mobile phone when he derailed': Police probe new claims as suspect faces court accused of killing 78 passengers

SMS helps us To plan for predictable events and

manage how we respond to them

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So how do we bring SMS to life?

Keep it simple Make it integrated Recognise human and organisational factors Establish the right organisational culture Assure yourself it is working Develop your corporate knowledge Know your biggest risks

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT IN RPAS OPERATIONS Hazard identification effective identification of systemic safety

deficiencies found in RPAS operations effective identification of conditions or

objects inadvertently introduced into RPAS operations

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HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND SAFETY RISK MANAGEMENT IN RPAS OPERATIONS

Risk management mitigation proportionate to scope of RPAS products and services

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Emerging issues on RPAS operations

Safety concerns detecting and avoiding other traffic + other hazards mitigating risks to persons and property personnel training and qualification remote pilots RPA observers mechanics

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Human performance Integration into non-segregated airspace humans must be in or on the loop

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Human performance We need to consider how we design systems to reflect the way

humans operate them and the environment they are operated in Considerations remote pilot interface perceptual and cognitive issues remote flight crew member training programmes FRMS

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What can designers do to reduce maintenance error?

Improve designs Improve maintenance instructions Identify error traps Identify critical systems with high error rates

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Lessons Learnt from SMS Assessments High level risks not being recognised Too much focus on Health & Safety risks rather than aviation

safety risks Inconsistency with risk assessments (severity and likelihood) Weak or unrealistic mitigation controls Safety accountabilities not understood Training not appropriate to level of responsibility Difficulty to indentify meaningful safety performance indicators

(SPIs) Stakeholder/Partner/Contractor risks not being considered

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Summary: SMS in its simplest form Actively look for safety issues in your operations, products or services Take action to reduce the risks of those safety issues becoming

unwanted events Monitor your activities to be sure that you have appropriately controlled

those risks

Use what you have - Dont reinvent the wheel We have all been doing Safety Management Enhance existing operational processes and procedures Utilise your own expert judgement Involve your own people Use SMS to improve your business

SMS does not need to be complicated to be effective

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The way Forward Foundation and Education

HLSC/2 Conclusions and Recommendations ICAO should expedite development of provisions to be used by

States to regulate RPAS operations within their airspace and to educate users regarding risks associated with their operations

RPAS Panels work safety management principles underlie all activities interaction with Safety Management Panel (SMP)

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Significant Seven Bow Tie Project

Templates focused on relevant risks to each Significant Seven Created by multi-disciplined CAA/Industry Subject Matter Experts Focused on Large Fixed Wing Commercial Air Transport FW Operations

Total System Approach (Third Party Risks)

Freely available for UK industry to tailor to their operation and use within SMS

No specific software required (PDF/ Visio/ Images/ BowTieXP)

www.caa.co.uk/bowtie

http://www.caa.co.uk/bowtie

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Thank You

Safety Management in RPAS OperationsICAO Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems SymposiumMontreal 24th March 2015 BackgroundRoles and Safety ResponsibilitiesRoles and Safety ResponsibilitiesRoles and Safety ResponsibilitiesRoles and Safety ResponsibilitiesWhat is an SMS ?It also helps when things goes wrongSo how do we bring SMS to life?HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND SAFETY RISKMANAGEMENT IN RPAS OPERATIONSHAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND SAFETY RISKMANAGEMENT IN RPAS OPERATIONSEmerging issues on RPAS operationsHuman performanceHuman performanceLessons Learnt from SMS AssessmentsSummary: SMS in its simplest formThe way Forward Foundation and EducationSignificant Seven Bow Tie ProjectFoliennummer 19