SafetyFocusQuarterly Journal on African aviation safety - vol 4

Issue

032014

Dec '14 - Jan '15

In thIs Issue: Helicopter safety & misplaced priorities Hypoxia: inadequate oxygen supply IASS 2014 report: Inspiring Air Safety Summit What to do when using an overwing emergency exit?

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SafetyFocus Magazine Issue 3 - 2014 1

2 Director's message | Extended family Proud member of Flight Safety Foundation

3 Safety Calendar | Events in or relevant to the region

4 Safety news | News from or relevant to the region

8 Helicopter safety | Misplaced priorities 'Getting the job done' and safety culture

14 Eyewitness | Safety in action Pictures of safety promotion in action

17 Summit report | International Air Safety Summit 2014 Take home points from an inspiring summit

20 Causal factors | Verge of Consciousness How inadequate oxygen supply will influence the brain

24 Cabin safety | where is the EXIT? What to do while using an overwing exit

Cover photo: Turbo-prop operations form the back-bone of aviation in Africa - a Tanzanair Beech 1900D just arriving into Dar Es Salaam's domestic platform© AviAssist Foundation

because access to safety InformatIon should not be lImIted by the bandwIdth of yourconnectIon

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Every quarter, we bring you the very best update on best safety practices. From airport marking to runway safety to shopping tips and advice on aviation English. If you ever feel we can improve, let us know. After all, it's your magazine.

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SafetyFocus Magazine2

dIrECTor's | message

Tom

FamilyExtended

Family is very important everywhere in the world. That includes Africa where, in a lot of cases, fami-lies are the building blocks of society. However, the extended family is quite common in Africa but it is a far less common feature of Western Europe and North America. Sure, changes are ongoing with industrialization and ‘Western’ education bringing value changes which emphasize individualism over collectivity, but there are still many very good reasons that keep extended families afloat. These include sharing a house, pool-ing resources to underpin action that’s good for all the family, sharing knowledge gained through expe-rience and many other reasons.

An extended family includes multiple adults and multiple generations of a family living in the same household. It's a family unit that extends past the nuclear family to include other relatives such as aunts, uncles, and grandparents. There is more to an extended family, however, than just a list of relatives. Family members act as both an economic and emo-tional network and provide individuals with a sense of who they are and where they belong. In extended families, grandparents have been particularly appre-ciated for their wisdom and advice. While the extended family may have challenges for authority figures and balancing resources, it can also be a wonderful experience to be part of a close-knit family with many different relatives and generations.

Our seven year old affiliation with Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) is maturing. The AviAssist Foun-dation is increasingly becoming part of the extended FSF family and that is good for safety. The board of the Foundation functions as its parents. The dedi-cated experts and volunteers that work for the Avi-Assist Foundation are part of our nuclear family. But beyond that, our extended family pivots around Flight Safety Foundation. FSF serves as grandpar-ents providing wisdom and advice. Born in 1947, only shortly after the birth of ICAO, FSF brings to-gether aviation professionals from all the sectors to help solve safety problems facing the industry. With a membership that spreads throughout the world, FSF brings an international perspective to aviation issues for its members, the media and the traveling public.

The AviAssist Foundation assists FSF in achieving its mission in our region. The world is made up of 195 countries and thousands of cultures that extend way beyond North American or European tradi-tions. It is made up of regions and sub-regions that each have their own operational and safety peculi-arities. For example, bringing safety statistics into the equation, it is some of the regions beyond North America and Europe that see a large part of the tur-boprop operations featuring so high in accident sta-tistics. Regional affiliates are crucial for FSF to ad-dress the political, social and cultural diversity that play an important role in improving aviation safety in those other regions of the world.

In our case, we don’t live in the same house, with FSF being based in Washington D.C and the AviAs-sist Foundation registered in the Netherlands. There is also no direct financial benefit for FSF or the Avi-Assist Foundation to be affiliated. We each take care of our own financial activities and fundraising. But it nonetheless makes a great arrangement for all the family members. It provides a great role model for younger family members such as the AviAs-sist Foundation. It gives greater security for family members to feel connected and leads to increased sharing of cultural and cross-generational values.

My latest trip to the International Air Safety Summit of FSF from 11 to 13 November in Abu Dhabi was part of that very positive family experience. Sharing plans and ideas with Lee Wan Lee from the regional affiliate from Taiwan, talking priorities with FSF vice-president of global programs Greg Marshall or learning about press releases and communication from FSF director of communications Emily McGee are crucial threads in the tapestry of our work.

As entrepreneur Lee Iacocca said “The only rock I know that stays steady, the only institution I know that works, is the family”

I look forward to deepening our affiliation with FSF in the years to come and bring more professionals in Africa on board of our extended family so we can include their wisdom and experience in our work.

SafetyFocus Magazine Issue 3 - 2014 3

sAFETY | calendar

Aviation (safety) event in Africa coming up? Tell industry leaders about it.

If you have a safety-related conference, seminar, training or meeting, we’ll list it. Get the information to us early. send listings to safetyFocus at <safetyfocus@aviassist.org>.

Be sure to include an e-mail address for readers to contact you about the event. Events listed in a red box are AviAssist or AviAssist endorsed events.

nov 17-18 Flight Data Management course, AviAssist Foundation with Flight Data Services, Kigali, Rwanda (t.b.c) <www.aviassist.org>, for more info contact <events@aviassist.org>

Oct 5-9 5th Annual Airport Rescue & Fire Fighting course, AviAssist Foundation, Ndola, Zambia (t.b.c.) <www.aviassist.org>, more information at <events@aviassist.org>

OCT 12-16 Airport Trauma Care course, AviAssist Foundation, AviAssist Foundation, Lusaka, Zambia (t.b.c.) <www.aviassist.org>, more information at <events@aviassist.org>

Mar 25 European Corporate Aviation Summit, London, United Kingdom, <www.aeropodium.com/ecas.html>, more information contact <register@aeropodium.com>

FEB 2-5 ICAO High Level Safety Conference, Montreal, Canada, <www.icao.int/Meetings/HLSC2015/Pages/default.aspx>, for more information contact < HLSC2015@icao.int>

Jul 15 African Aviation (Safety) works seminar, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Friends of the AviAssist Foundation & Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, more information contact <marily.vanmessel@aviassist.org>

via Western Union.

If you don't feel too sure about your writing skills - editorial assistance is available

SafetyFocus for African aviation safety professionals by African aviation safety professionals

Contact us at safetyfocus@aviassist.org for more information

US$ 100Write to us about your work in African aviation safety or about a safety issue close to your heart. If we publish your story, you'll receive

Articles should be between 450 and 1400 words. If preferred, your identity will be kept confidential. submissions may be edited for clarity, length and reader focus.

NOV 19-20 Safety in African Aviation Summit & expo, professional development summit, 2Gether 4Safety, AviAssist Foundation, Kigali, Rwanda, more information at <www.aviassist.org>, contact <events@aviassist.org>

May 10-11 Aviation Africa 2015, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, <www.aviationafrica.aero>, more information contact <mark.brown@africanaerospace.aero>

April 7-8 Crew Resource Management, Litson and Associates, Cape Town, South Africa, < www.litsonandassociates.com>, for more information contact <enquiries@litsonandassociates.com >

May 13-15 Ramp Inspection training, AviAssist Foundation, Entebbe, Uganda (t.b.c.), <www.aviassist.org>, more information at <events@aviassist.org>

Mar 23- 25 Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS), Montreal, Canada, <www.icao.int/meetings/rpas/Pages/default.aspx>

June 8-12 Aerodrome Certification Training Course, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands, <https://jaato.com/courses/259/>, more information contact <training@jaato.com>

Oct 5-9 Airport Wildlife Management Training, AviAssist Foundation, Livingstone, Zambia (t.b.c.) <www.aviassist.org>, more information at <events@aviassist.org>

NOV 23-27 Safety IATA Dangerous Goods course, AviAssist Foundation and SCS Training & Consultancy, Kigali, Rwanda, for more information contact <events@aviassist.org>

SafetyFocus Magazine4

SafetyFocusJournal of the

AviAssist Foundation

Regional affiliate of

for East and Southern Africa

AviAssist supports improvements in African aviation safety.With advertisements in SafetyFocus, AviAssist connects businesses to Afri-can opportunities while it promotes professional excellence in African aviation safety.

over 17 years of experience in Africa has equipped AviAssist well to deal with the technical as well complex po-litical, social and cultural issues that play an important role in improving African aviation safety and in access-ing the vast market Africa represents.

As a non-profit organisation, AviAs-sist relies on support from govern-ments and corporations as well as fees for services.

Foundation BoardCapt. Erwin Gabel - ChairmanVice President Unit Md11/A330KLM royal dutch Airlines

Bert Kraan deputy director CAA-NL (rtd.)

Margaret Munyagidirector General (rtd.)Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority

ron SchipperBoard memberKenya Airways & Precision Air

AVIASSISTFOUNDATION

4

sAFETY | news

Early October, the Foundation organised a runway safety seminar with the Kenya Airports Authority. The course was organised in co-operation with Airports Council International ACI, IATA and with sponsorship of the Netherlands Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment as well as Kenya Airways for the transport of the Foundation’s staff. The 26 participants came from 7 Kenyan airports.

“The seminar was a great examples of how the Foundation rallies together expertise and support to jointly address one of the five priorities for African aviation safety” remarked Foundation Director Tom Kok. “Those priorities were endorsed by both the industry and the African governments in what culminated in the Abuja Declaration of 2013”

“The seminar demonstrates how the Flight

Safety Foundation and its affiliates can deliver practical, cost-effective safety promotion on the very complex, multidisciplinary challenges around runway safety,“ explained Kok. “From 2015 onwards, we will be transiting our support to the runway safety to the GO-Team programme philosophy as has been developed by IATA and ICAO”.

foundatIon supports runway safety teams In regIon

Nairobi Looking at runway safety issues with the trainees at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport

avIatIon englIsh traInIng In the regIon

Early October saw the de-ployment of the Foundation’s 5-day intensive aviation Eng-lish training with the Tanza-nia Civil Aviation Authority TCAA. The course provides the host organization a unique and cost effective op-portunity to offer in-country training to twelve air traffic controllers and pilots.

“Instead of focusing on standard phraseology as is done in many courses around the world, the course we have developed for the AviAssist Foundation focusses a lot on unusual and emergency situations” explained Anglais Aerien Afrique Director Chloe Grant, the course instructor. “The course embraces the guidance provided by ICAO in the Manual of the Implementation of ICAO Language Pro-ficiency Requirements (Doc 9835). It includes audio-visual exercises, runway & aircraft ex-ercises, aviation situation descriptions and lots of student-led presentations on runway & airspace involving subjects such as medi-cal, meteorological & air-prox with the use of standard phraseology where appropriate. It’s important to realize that aviation English is not just about standard phraseology but about so much more.” “With this course, we aim to at least partial-ly address the shortage of English language

proficiency courses in the East and Southern African region” said AviAssist Foundation di-rector Tom Kok. “We were also very pleased with the co-operation from KLM Royal Dutch Airlines in making available a route inspector captain to one of the course days to give the pi-lot perspective and share his experience, both in Tanzania and beyond, with the students. We hope to move to twice a year deployment of the course in 2015. We are open for requests from the East and Southern African region to host our two courses in 2015."

A video of an earlier edition of the course is available at the Foundation’s Youtube channel, accessible by clicking the Youtube logo on our website www.aviassist.org

Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania TCAA staff fully engaged in addressing a human factor - aviation English

SafetyFocus Magazine Issue 3 - 2014 5

brIstow 's west afrIc a celebrates 2 years of target Zero

sAFETY | news

Early October, the Foundation completed its fourth annual airport rescue and firefighting training. In partnership with Groningen Airport Eelde from the Netherlands, the 4th annual Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting ARFF train-ing course took place in Dar Es Salaam at Julius Nyerere International Airport. The training was jam packed with best practices, practical sessions and live fire.

“The International Civil Aviation Organisation ICAO has highlighted that many airports are not allocating the required resources for the adequate training of the personnel", AviAssist Foundation director Tom Kok elaborated.

"Yes, airport authorities are allocating resources for the procurement of firefighting trucks but without training and tools, the ARFF facility will be very inefficient or even plainly ineffective. On top of that, the morale of personnel is negatively affected. That is not something you can afford as an airport operator in relation to that crucial safety service” Kok continued.

“As part of our long term commitment to the region, we will continue our support to the pro-fessionals that attended the course with their free subscription to SafetyFocus” Kok said.

Funding was provided by the Tanzania Airports Authority TAA, Netherlands Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment as well as sponsoring from KLM Royal Dutch Airlines and Kenya Airways. The support by the Foundation’s airline partners also demonstrates that the AviAssist addresses priorities identified or rec-ognised by the aviation industry. Course pictures are available at the Foundation’s Flickr photosite, accessible by clicking the Flickr logo on our website www.aviassist.org

aIrport rescue & fIrefIghtIng

The West Africa Business Unit (WAS-BU) of Bristow Helicopters recently cel-ebrated two consecutive years of Target Zero performance without a recordable injury or air accident. In October alone, Bristow operations in Nigeria achieved 1000 hours of Target Zero performance.

“From its initial introduction in 2007, Target Zero has been embraced by the WASBU team and it has become the way we do things. This safety milestone represents a considerable achievement considering the environment and op-erational challenges we face in Nigeria” WASBU Director Akin Oni explained.

Bristow’s Chief Executive Officer Emer-itus Bill Chiles received the prestigious Laura Taber Barbour Air Safety Award at the Flight Safety Foundation's 67th annual International Air Safety Sum-mit (IASS) in the United Arab Emirates on the 12th of November. Chiles was praised for his leadership to establish industry wide safety protocols across the helicopter offshore transportation industry.

fsf releases guIde on flIght path monItorIng

Flight Safety Foundation published A Practical Guide for Improving Flight Path Monitoring, the final report of the Active Pilot Monitoring Working Group (WG). The WG was created to address the issue of aviation incidents with inef-fective monitoring as a factor.

The guide was released during FSF’s 67th annual International Air Safety Summit with a presentation by Helena Reide-mar, of Air Line Pilots Association, In-ternational and co-chair of the Working Group.

According to Robert Sumwalt of the US National Transportation Safety Board: “Aircraft accidents, incident data, and research all point to the same thing: when pilots don’t properly monitor the aircraft flight path, safety margins de-crease. "In the past two decades, for example, the NTSB investigated 14 major accidents where poor monitoring was a factor, and these accidents claimed nearly 350 lives. Like most things in flying, monitoring is a skill that can be taught, and with training, performance can improve. The recommendations outlined in this docu-ment, if implemented, will improve pilot monitoring,” Sumwalt elaborated.

The document provides guidance to im-prove flight path monitoring by offering useful and realistic changes that would have a positive impact on aviation safety.

The efforts of the WG resulted in 20 rec-ommendations organized into the fol-lowing categories:• Monitoring practices• Procedures, policies and monitoring• Monitoring autoflight systems• Training and evaluating monitoring systems.

“All throughout IASS 2014, we’ve been hearing about issues that could be direct-ly mitigated by the recommendations in this report,” stated FSF President and CEO, Jon L. Beatty. “By publishing this report, we can ensure that it reaches the widest possible international audience with its important recommendations.”

The study is available on the FSF website at www.flightsafety.org/flightpath

Tanzania Rehearsing airport rescue & fire fighting scenarios with usefull and low-cost table top exercises

SafetyFocus Magazine6

rwandaIr and precIsIon aIr pass Iosa audIt

Rwandair and Precision Air (Tanzania) have recently re-registered as Interna-tional Air Transport Association (IATA) member after passing their IATA Opera-tional Safety Audit (IOSA).The IATA operational safety audit is an internationally recognised evaluation system that assesses the operational management and control systems of an airline. It is conducted every two years once an airline has successfully complet-ed the first audit.

For Rwandair, it was the initial audit. "Passing the audit is vital for the sustain-ability of the airline as it is a mandatory requirement to obtain IATA registra-tion, alliance memberships and code share agreements," John Mirenge, the RwandAir chief executive officer, said in a statement.

Alex Buterere, a senior manager in charge of grounds operations at Rwan-dAir, said passing the safety audit means the airline can now fly anywhere across the globe.

"It also makes the airline more competi-tive and opens its chances of becoming

an elite airline; we can now code and do business with some of five star airlines," Buterere said.

For Precision Air it was the fourth successful re-newal of its IOSA regis-tration after passing the

initial registration in 2008. “Renewing the Iosa registration certification means that Precision Air has been found to be able to maintain Iata operational safety standards which are internationally rec-ognised,” the airline’s head of quality and safety, Mr Allen Sharra, said in Dar es Salaam.

sAFETY | news

fIrst aIrport trauma c are course

The Emergency Response Plan (ERP) is an in-valuable tool for all airport stakeholders, provid-ing clear direction for action and exposing pain points that could aggravate a real response. The ERP is also a crucial part of an airport's Safety Management System. Airports around the world work on the basis of standards from the Interna-tional Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) that are further detailed by documents from organisa-tions such as the Airports Council International.

"A critical component in all this is the quality of care received from first responders and medical personnel. However, access to emergency medical training in Africa is a challenge", AviAssist direc-tor Tom Kok explained the Foundation's choice for embedding this course into the Foundation's program. "African airlines are part of codeshare arrangements and global alliances that make that adequate emergency preparation adds to the safe-ty capital of airlines around the world and to the safety of passengers from all over the world".

In the aftermath of an aircraft accident, many lives may be lost and many injuries aggravated if immediate medical attention is not provided by trained rescue personnel. Survivors should be classified to determine the order of priority for treatment and transportation. With this course, the AviAssist Foundation helps to address a shortage of training opportunities in the region.

"We are very pleased to have entered into a five year corporate social re-sponsibility agreement

with UMCG Ambulance services from the Neth-erlands for the delivery of this course," Founda-tion director Kok highlighted. "We are very grate-ful for their partnership which ensures that we work with experts that share this operational re-sponsibility on a daily basis with their colleagues in Africa".

Status on IOSA certification of East and Southern African airlines in relation to aviation safety targets from the 2013 Abuja Declaration - Source: www.icao.int

Ic ao launches regIonal performance dashboards

The ICAO website now boasts Regional Performance Dashboards. These dash-boards provide a glance at the status of safety strategic objectives in relation to targets based on the regional implemen-tation of the Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP) and the Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP).The dashboard also contains on over-view of the status of air navigation ca-pacity and efficiency.Drop down menus at the website give an opportunity to focus on a particular ICAO region, for example the 24 coun-tries of the East and Southern African region. A snapshot of the ICAO regional dashboard of East and Southern Africa ,

Source: www.icao.intInsight into access to emergency medical training Source: www.who.int

SafetyFocus Magazine Issue 3 - 2014 13

Save the date19 & 20 November 2015

4th Annual

Safety in African aviation summit19 & 20 November 2015, Kigali, Rwanda

afrIca’s premIer avIatIon safety event, brIngIng together avIatIon professIonals from around the globe

2gether 4safety provides a forum for aviation industry and regulators to discuss safety concerns, devise approaches to reduce risk and support initiatives to improve safety www. 2gether4safety.org

SafetyFocus Magazine16

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The AviAssist Foundation would like to give special recognition to our partners. We value their partnership, custom and support as part of our commitment to safety promotion in Africa. Without their support, the Foundation's mission of inspiring and promoting professionalism in African aviation safety

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Time after time working with non-profits is seen breaking in on official routine, finding fresh channels for service, getting things done that would initially not be possible for pay

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out

Ministry of Infrastructure & the Environment

the netherlands

civil air navigation services organisation

Our focus on your safetySafety is a pre-condition for our daily operations to any destination.

KLM is proud to work hand in hand with the AviAssist Foundation

as part of that commitment to your safety.