salinity of ocean water salinity a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of...
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Properties of Ocean Water
Chapter 20
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Properties of Ocean WaterOcean water is a complex mixture of chemicals that
sustains a variety of plant and animal life.
Scientists describe ocean water by using: dissolved gases and the presence of dissolved solids, salinity, temperature, density, and color.
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Dissolved Gases
Large amount of CO2 is dissolved in ocean water
Other atmospheric gases are also present
Gases can enter the ocean from streams, volcanoes, organisms, and the atmosphere.
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The Oceans as a Carbon Sink
Oceans contain more than 60 times as much carbon as the atmosphere does.
CO2 may be trapped in the ocean for 100s to 1,000s of years
ability to dissolve and contain a large amount of CO2 = carbon sink
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Dissolved Solids
Ocean water is 96.5% pure water, or H2O.
Dissolved solids make up about 3.5% of the mass of ocean water.
dissolved solids are usually called sea salts
6 most abundant elements: chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, and potassium
Halite: made of sodium and chloride ions, makes up more than 85% of the ocean’s dissolved solids
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Sources of Dissolved Solids
Three main sources: volcanic eruptions, chemical weathering of rock on land, and chemical reactions between sea water and newly formed sea-floor rocks
rivers carry about 400 billion kg of dissolved solids into the ocean
As water evaporates salts and other minerals remain
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Review Questions
1. Dissolved solids make up about what %?
1. 3.5%
2. Gases can enter the ocean from where?
1. streams, volcanoes, organisms, and the atmosphere
3. What are the 6 most abundant elements?
1. chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, calcium, and potassium
4. How more CO2 is in the oceans then the than the atmosphere?
1. 60 times more
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Salinity of Ocean Water
salinity a measure of the amount of dissolved salts in a given amount of liquid
Ocean vs. Freshwater = amount of saltSalinity is measured by the number of
grams of dissolved solids in 1,000 g of ocean water.
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Factors that Change Salinityrate of evaporation
Higher = more salt, lower = less saltTropical waters have a higher salinity at
the surface than polar waters do. Why do you think that is?
Salinity also decreases as depth increases.Salinity of the ocean’s surface ranges from
33‰ to 36‰.
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Factors that Change Salinity, continued
High
Low
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Temperature of Ocean Waterocean temperature varies depending on
depth and location on the surface of the oceans
Affected by the amount of solar energy an area receives and by the movement of water in the ocean
geographyalltheway.com
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Surface WaterThe mixing of the ocean’s surface water
distributes heat downward to a depth of 100 to 300 m.
The temperature of surface water does decrease as latitude increases. Therefore, polar surface waters are much cooler than the surface waters in the Tropics.