sambit report

8/8/2019 Sambit Report

1/47

SAMBIT - 1REPORT


2/47

SAMBIT - 2

CONTENTS

1 Introduction 04

2 Objective 043 Acknowledgment 05

4 Inauguration Ceremony 06 11

4.1 Father Reginald Fernandes, Convenor, State Inter

Agency Group, West Bengal

06

4.2 Dr. Asim Dasgupta, Minister-in-Charge, Finance

Department, Government of West Bengal

06

4.3 Shri B. Bhattacharya, Member, National Disaster

Management Authority

07

4.4 Shri. Anisur Rahaman, Minister-in-charge, Department

of Panchayat and Rural Development, GoWB

08

4.5 Dr. Mortaja Hossain, Minister-in-Charge, Department of

Disaster Management, Government of West Bengal

08

4.6 Shri M.L. Meena, Principal Secretary, Department of

Disaster Management, GoWB

09

4.7 Shri G.S. Mandal, Cyclone Expert, NDMA 09

4.8 Shri Nasir Ateeq, UNICEF 10

5 Role of media and DRR 12 - 14

6 Day 1- Session One 15 21

6.1 Integration of DRR in development 15 17

6.2 Community and family level preparedness 18 19

6.3 Multi-Hazard and Climate Change in the context of WestBengal

20 21

7 Day 2 Session One 22 27

7.1 Role of Panchayat in Disaster Management 22 23

7.2 Issues of water and Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion in

Emergencies

24 25

7.3 Preparedness in the backdrop of Aila 26 27

8 Educational and Cultural programmes 28

8.1 Quiz 28

8.2 Kobigaan, folk songs 28

8.3 Band performance 288.4 Mock drill 28

8.5 Stalls 28

9 Day 2 Session Two 29 35

9.1 Earthquake Risk Mitigation 29 30

9.2 Health and Nutrition in Disaster Response 31 33

9.3 Our learning in Post Cyclone Response 34 35

10 Day 3 Session One 36 41


3/47

SAMBIT - 3

10.1 Policies and Challenges in Disaster Risk Reduction 36 - 37

10.2 Education and Child Protection in Emergencies 38 39

10.3 Rights based Issues in Response & Preparedness 40 41

11 Closing Ceremony 42 44

11.1 Shri Puthumai Nazarene, State Coordinator, State InterAgency Group, West Bengal

42

11.2 Shri Debabrata Pal, IAS, Joint Secretary, Department of

Disaster Management, Government of West Bengal

42

11.3 Shri G.Padmanabhan, UNDP 42

11.4 Shri Ray Kancharala, Save the Children 43

11.5 Shri Himadri Maitra, Disaster Management Officer 43

11.6 Shri Subhashish Debnath, Organizing Committee 44

Photographs 45 - 46

IAG Contacts 47


4/47

SAMBIT - 4

INTRODUCTION

Sambit-the first West Bengal State DRR Congress, was organised by the State Inter-

Agency Group in collaboration with the Department of Disaster Management, Government

of West Bengal during April 22-24, 2010 in the Yuva Bharati Krirangan (Salt Lake Stadium),

Kolkata. There were around 700 participants in the three-day Congress that included

representatives from various communities, government officials, and representatives from

UN Organisations, NGOs, INGOs, educationists and Students. This Congress gains its

importance because of the increasing episodes of disasters across the globe in the last few

decades. This Congress has been able to chalk out a roadmap for the future with

enthusiastic participation from delegates from the districts, media representatives and

other participants. The special significance of this Congress was exchange of opinion

towards creating a common platform for integrating and mainstreaming disaster risk

reduction development among the DRR experts, PRI representatives, NGO representatives

and Government officials.

OBJECTIVE

1. To provide a common platform for stakeholders and communities for sharing of ideasand knowledge of DRR in West Bengal.

2. To focus on challenges while implementing risk reduction initiatives in the multi-hazardous environment.3. To advocate and demonstrate good practices for an enabling environment in DRRactivities.

4. Strengthen the institutionalization of unified response strategy through inter-agencycoordination.


5/47

SAMBIT - 5

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The successful implementation of the first State Disaster Risk Reduction Congress Sambitcould not have been possible without the co-operation and assistance of the following

respective organizations. They are:

1. National Disaster Management Authority, New Delhi2. Department of Disaster Management, Government of West Bengal3. National Disaster Response Force, Madhyamgram, Kolkata4. Jadavpur University5. United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF)6. United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP)7. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), India8. Indian Red Cross Society9. Caritas, India10. Dan Church Aid, India11.Lutheran World Service India Trust12.Oxfam, India13.Save the Children14.Sphere India15.Goal, Ireland16.World Vision17.Churchs Auxiliary for Social Action (CASA)18.Adventist Development & Relief Agency (ADRA), India19.Catholic Relief Services (CRS)20.West Bengal Voluntary Health Association (WBVHA)21.Association of Bengal Collaborators for Development (ABCD)22.Southern Health Improvement Samity (SHIS)23.Palli Unnayan Samity (PUS)24.Society for Professional Action in Development (SPADE)25.Professional Institute for Development and Socio Environmental Management

(PRISM)

26.TATA Steel Limited27.Action Aid, India28.Seva Kendra, Kolkata


6/47

SAMBIT - 6

INAUGURATION CEREMONY

Sambit-the first West Bengal State DRR Congress, was organised by the State Inter-

Agency Group in collaboration with the Department of Disaster Management, Government

of West Bengal during April 22-24, 2010. Those who were present in the inaugurationceremony included Dr. Asim Dasgupta Honble Minister in Charge, Department of Finance;Sri B. Bhattacharya Honble Member NDMA; Shri. Anisur Rahaman Honble Minister-in-

charge, Department of Panchayat and Rural Development, GoWB; Dr. Mortaja Hussain ,

Honble Minister-in-charge, Department of Disaster Management; Sri M.L. Meena PrincipalSecretary, Department of Disaster Management, Father R. Fernandes from State Inter

agency. The inaugural session was compered by Smt. Madhumanti Moitra.

In his welcome speech, the convenor of State IAG,

Father Reginald Fernandes called upon everybody

to be part of this noble cause and complimented the

participants of the Congress. The following gives thesummary of his address:

The main objective of the three-day Congress isto forge unity and exchange of opinion. If joy is

doubled, while grief becomes half, if shared.

There are all kinds of people in the Congress those who have not been affected by disaster,

those who have been devastated by disaster and those who do not have any idea of

disaster. All of us can share information and knowledge and become enriched in the

process.

It is hoped that active participation from national and international delegates will makethe Congress a grand success

The main purpose of the DRR Congress is not to educate people, because there are anumber of media, including television and internet to educate people but sharing and

exchanging each others thoughts and experiences

These three days will provide opportunities for coordination between the DRRpractitioners and DRR experts and the national and international organisations will

assume leading roles in this process.

In his address, Finance Minister Dr. Ashim Dasgupta thanked the State Inter Agency

Group (IAG) and the Department of Disaster Management, Govt of West Bengal fororganizing the Congress. He greeted all the participants of the Congress. He made spoke on

Disaster Risk Reduction the summary of which is given below:

1. He emphasized on collection and compilation of information and data on naturaldisasters including flood, drought, cyclone etc.

2. He pointed out global warming and carbon emission as one of the main reasons fordisaster


7/47

SAMBIT - 7

3. He suggested that the punitive actions should be adopted for rich nations, which areprimarily responsible for carbon emission and the countries which are making positive

contribution should be rewarded

4. He laid emphasis on planting of trees to bringabout environmental sustainability. He alsomentioned about formation of committee of

people living in the forests to prevent

indiscriminate deforestation.

5. He advised to engage international agencies fordredging in the river-basins in order to solve the

silting problem. He advised to sell sand from the

river beds to those who need them. This, he

observed, would solve the sewerage system.

6. In order to increase the water sources, he advisedto prepare for ponds and water bodies and integrate with National Rural Employment

Guarantee Scheme (NREGS).7. He expressed the need to prepare GIS map in order to manage landslide in North

Bengal.

8. In the area of weather forecast, he advised to follow scientific principles as perinternational standards

9. He advised wide dissemination of weather forecast10.He mentioned setting up of relief centres in a decentralized manner11.He mentioned importance of mobilising Self Help Groups (SHGs) for Disaster

management

12.He emphasized on coordination between Government and non-government agencies13.He expressed the importance of publishing information on relief distribution before the

public

After the speech by the Finance Minister, Shri. B. Bhattacharya, member NDMA made a

short speech. At the outset, he thanked the Government of West Bengal particularly

Department of Disaster Management, and all the

participants. He mentioned in the beginning that

discussions on Disaster Risk management is not

limited to relief, but has wider appeal. The following

gives a summary of his speech.

The geographical location has primary role. It hasmountains on the north and 7500km of coastline.

He ascribed shifting of the Indian Plate on the

north eastern side as one of the main reasons of

climate change.

He emphasized on planning prior to disaster and preventive strategies along withrehabilitation and rescue. Although Disaster prevention action was adopted in 1987

internationally, it has been implemented in India late


8/47

SAMBIT - 8

Emphasis should be given on vulnerable analysis and risk assessment. Proper systems should be applied for disaster management. It is necessary to prepare

appropriate maps. More importantly, there should be coordination between maps for

various disasters, viz. flood, cyclone etc,

The central government has undertaken a number of programmes for disastermitigation.

Proper network need to be established for dissemination of information from statelevel to district level and finally o people and vice versa.

A number of solutions have emerged in the last 20 years. Infrastructure must beprepared for establishment of communication network and ensuring normal life during

disaster.

There is still 60% gap between planning and implementation. There are encouraging examples at international level. For instance, only 34 people

died of earthquake in Japan in last 7 years and in California there is no report of Death.

The next speaker was special guest of the inauguration ceremony, the Honble Minister-in-Charge for Panchayat and Rural Development, Shri Anisur Rahaman. The main points of

his speech were:

1. To integrate of Panchayats in disaster riskreduction activities.

2. To take lessons from earlier episodes of floodin 1978, 1988 and 2000 and take lessons

related to rehabilitation.

3. Strong coordination between Panchayat andNGOs is required at all levels for risk reduction.Immediately capacity building exercises is to

be conducted jointly with Panchayats and

NGOs.

4. The minister also suggested the Panchayatswould take more responsibility in DRR.

Disaster Management Minister Dr. Mortaja Hossain

spoke the following in his brief speech.

1.

He assigned global warming and deforestation aremain reasons for disaster.

2. He observed indiscriminate construction activitiesdue to increased urbanization is one of the main

reasons for disturbance of ecological balance.

3. He advised IAG to advocate the centralgovernment to take stringent steps towards

strong mitigation measures to reduce disaster


9/47

SAMBIT - 9

risks.

The Ministers speech was followed by a short address by Shri M.L. Meena, Principal

Secretary, Disaster Management Department. While thanking all the participants, he made

the following points:

On the basis of recent experience of tornado in Uttar Dinajpur, he said that a lotpeople become homeless. It is the responsibility of the NGOs and Government to

arrange proper shelter for the homeless people

Distribution of relief should be proper duringdisaster and relief should reach the most

distressed people.

Sometimes relief materials do not reachproperly because of local problem. NGOs can

make people aware about this, and work for

more cooperation so that relief materials arereached to the right places at the right time.

NGOs should be engaged in relief work sincerequirement of manpower is high during

disaster

Shri G.S. Mandal, Cyclone Specialist, NDMA also thanked IAG and Government of West

Bengal for organizing such a big event. Brief content of his speech is as follows:

West Bengal, Maharashtra and Gujarat have been included in national Cyclone RiskMitigation Programme along with other states including Andhra Pradesh, Orissa etc.

More states will be included in the future.

More relief shelters should be set up with helpfrom the Central Government. Arrangements

must be made to relocate people to safe

places.

Last Mile Connectivity was also mentionedthrough which contacts can be established

from state to community level.

Government has done commendable job inreleasing grant to set up Relief / cyclone

Shelter. Although relocation of people from place of disaster is most important, this job

becomes difficult because of high population density.

National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Programme (NCRMP) has been set with supportfrom Government of India and World Bank. The Central Government will operate on

the basis of Five Year Plan.

The communication system gets destroyed by high tide during cyclone.Reconstruction of infrastructure has been done in a fast manner.


10/47

SAMBIT - 10

Infrastructures is necessary for transfer of information from districts to the villages. Rainfall is comparatively high in West Bengal and 200-230 km is the expected speed

of cyclone. The speed was less during Aila yet we have failed to manage the disaster.

Mobile connection needs to be strengthened for early warning. The situation has improved in last 30 years in the field of Disaster Management.

However, Disaster-resistant Infrastructure has to be improved a lot

Speaking on behalf of Ms. Lori Calvo, the State Representative of UNICEF, Shri Nasir Ateeq,

Programme Communications Specialist, UNICEF, observed that State IAG has proved itself

to be a mobiliser at the international level. The activities were spread from mid 2009. He

conveyed his wishes to all participants.

UNICEF is deeply satisfied to be associated with Department of Disaster Management and

IAG. It is evident from Aila experience that

Department of Disaster Management is very watchful

on Disaster Risk Reduction. UNICEF is particularlyconcerned with safety of women and children.

UNICEF is eager to work with agencies like IAG,

UNDP, OXFAM etc. It is evident from the discussion

that DRR initiative is successful and West Bengal has

proved to be model.

UNICEF wishes to spread the message that while West

Bengal has projected itself as a model, there is no

room for complacency. A number of vulnerable communities have a lot to learn on DRR.

Congress is a platform where a future plan can emerge through joint consultation. UNICEF

expresses thanks to IAG, Department of Disaster Management and all the delegates.

UNICEF pledges to be with women and children during disaster. A positive outcome in this

regard is also expected from this consultation.

At first Smt. Bani Saraswati, member of the IAG, greeted all the participants. She, on

behalf of IAG, thanked the Honble Minister

Shri.Ashim Dasgupta. She mentioned that Shri

Dasgupta made an important observation. The

analysis that growing episodes of disasters and the

reasons should not be confined to the nationalboundaries but has to be traced to the activities of the

developed countries. She thanked the Minister for

making the all participants of the session richer with

his insightful observations. She also thanked

Mr.B.Bhattacharya member of NDMA, who came all

the way from Delhi. She expressed her vote of thanks

to Mr. Anisur Rahman, Minister of Panchayat and Rural development. His presence was


11/47

SAMBIT - 11

significant for the session. He shared his rich experiences with the participants. She also

thanked Minister in Charge, Disaster Management Department , Dr. Mortaja Hussain, the

Principal Secretary of the Department, Shri M.L.Meena and Dr. G.S. Mandal of NDMA, who is

an expert on Cyclone. Though Ms. Lori Kalvo of UNICEF could not take part in the Congress,

her absence was compensated by Shri Nasir Ateeq. Smt. Bani Sarawati thanked UNICEF forinitiating CBDRR work In West Bengal.

She also thanked the government officials especially Shri Debadrata Pal who discussed the

issues in an open mind.

She also thanked the media, representatives from Panchayat and the other participants

present in the programme. She looked forward for a fruitful discussion in the three day

programme.


12/47

SAMBIT - 12

Theme: Role of Media and Disaster Risk Reduction

Day : 22 April, 2010, Venue: Ichamati Auditorium, Session: Post-Inaugural

The theme of session at venue Ichamati of the first days programme of Sambit-1ST StateDRR Congress, West Bengal was Role of Media and Disaster Risk Reduction. Thechairperson of this session was Shri Ashok Bhattacharya, Director - Roopkala Kendra. The

other panelists were Shri Bob Roy from the Times Group, Smt. Ishani Dutta Roy from ABP,

Smt. Ajitha Menon from ANI. The session was conducted by Smt. Sucharita Barman.

Smt. Barman began the session with a proper

explanation of the concept Disaster Risk Reduction

and how this term can be well executed in a holistic

pattern.

Shri Ashok Bhattacharya observed that it is theresponsibility of the media to generate awareness

on disaster risk reduction among people at the

grassroots level. The awareness generation has to be

carried out in well-specified method in an

uninterrupted manner before and after any disaster.

Chairmans address was followed by interactive session. One of the participantscommented that terrorist attack is one kind of disaster and enquired what would be the

role of mass media in this aspect.

The Expert Panel comprising of Smt. Ajitha Menon and Smt. Ishani Dutta Roy observed thatduring any disaster it is very difficult to get accurate information from any government

official. It is also difficult to ascertain the exact responsibilities assigned to an officer. Some

government officials try to avoid queries. Hence it is important to maintain all the relevant

information. Moreover, the responsibilities assigned to one specific officer should be

publicly notified so that in case of any requirement, the officer can be contacted directly.

In this context the Chairman of the session observed that most of the people of India were

not aware of tsunami before it happened. But Japan, being a coastal country had priorexperience of tsunami and therefore was fully equipped to deal with emergency situation.

The risk could have been averted if awareness generation workshops were organised by

govt agencies. He observed that if State IAG takes the initiative for coordination, this will be

more effective.

Shri. Puthumai Nazarene from the State IAG made a pledge that State IAG will play an

important role in coordination and will be organizing seminars and workshops on regular

basis for orientation of media for disaster risk reduction.


13/47

SAMBIT - 13

One participant observed that disaster is not exclusively environment related. A number of

schools have been closed in West Bengal. He enquired about the role of media in awareness

media regarding this issue.

Most of the disasters originate from human activities. Large dam is a case in point. Besides,illegal construction near coastal areas increases the possibility of cyclonic situations.

The Experts, mainly Shri Bob Roy and Smt. Ishani

Dutta Roy informed that media houses operate with

limited human resources. It is very difficult for few

reporters to collect all the relevant data and

information. Hence if organisations which are

associated with such activities can come forward and

assist media to collect data then media can play an

active role in generating awareness for disaster risk

reduction.

One of the participants observed that after any

disaster, gory footage and photographs are displayed in mass media which may cause panic

in the minds of the people. He asked whether display of such footage / photographs should

be banned.

In the context of this observation, Shri Bibhas Pal from Kolkata Doordarshan informed that

Doordarshan supports the view that no gory display should be encouraged. Those who

engage in display of such photographs belong to private TV channels.

Ajitha Menon had a different view on this. She said it is necessary to show such

photographs to the mass otherwise people will not get an idea of such devastations.One participant observed that media does not give enough importance to landslide related

disaster in hilly areas. What is the method to generate awareness among people regarding

such issues.

Smt. Ishani Dutta Roy informed the audience that most of the time media does not get

information on time. In the post-disaster period media organisations do not take enough

initiative to spread awareness among people. They give very little importance to awareness

generation regarding disaster preparedness.

One participant observed that the fact that government department and mass media are

inter-dependent is not perceived and this leads to lack of coordination. Although the nameof the Relief Department has changed to Disaster Management department, mass media

reports as relief department. Disaster risk reduction initiatives will be easier and more

humane if the Disaster management Department and mass media operate in a coordinated

manner.

The Expert Panel (Shri Bob Roy and Smt. Ishani Dutta Roy) informed that the Disaster

management department has never shared the laws and programmes with mass media.


14/47

SAMBIT - 14

While the Disaster management department works with a specific issue, mass media is

engaged. Keeping in mind the limitation of mass media, a coordinated effort will be helpful.

One participant enquired about any constructive role of mass media in raising awareness

on environmental risks such as Sponge Iron factories and global warming.

In reply to this Shri Bob Roy informed that a number of news-items have been published on

these issues. However, he communicated that the media cannot provide any solution to any

problem; it can only highlight the issues.

One participant observed that during any disaster, women suffer more than men. Women

suffer more because they hesitate to come out of their homes leaving all their belongings.

In order to reduce such type of risk, it is essential to raise awareness among women

through television serials.

In this context, the Chairperson informed that Roopkala Kendra has prepared a number of

short films on Disaster Risk Reduction and has plans to make more such films in future.

RECOMMENDATIONS

To establish role and contribution of media as a partner of community and disastermanagement and motivate them to take active part in awareness generation.

To establish close contacts among the government and media to spread early warning andawareness to the grassroots level.

To adopt positive steps to ensure rights of people affected by disaster. To ensure that people do not suffer from unnecessary fear and negative attitude. Mass media personnel should take active participation in awareness building on disaster

management


15/47

SAMBIT - 15

Theme: Integration of Disaster Risk Reduction into Development

Day : 22 April, 2010, Venue: Teesta Auditorium, Session: Evening

The theme of session 1 of the first days programme of Sambit-1ST State Disaster RiskReduction Congress, West Bengal was Integration of DRR in development. Thechairperson of this session was Smt.Choten Lama, IAS, who has served as District

Magistrate of East Midnapur district. Among other

speakers were Shri Surajit Roy, District Planning

Officer, South 24 Paraganas, Shri Tarun Debnath,

Secretary, SHG promotional forum. The moderator of

this session was Shri Himadri Maitra.

In the inaugural address Smt. Lama emphasized the

importance of the consultation. She observed that

adequate attention must be given so that risks ofDisaster do not hamper the process of development.

She shared one of her experiences of a disaster during

her tenure as DM. After a boat carrying 17 people capsized in a river, rescue work became

difficult and the reason was concrete structures thrown in the river during construction of

a bridge. Children can be made aware of the disaster risk and they, in turn, can spread

awareness in their homes.

The discussion session was followed by interactive session with active participation from

government officials, representatives from non government and voluntary organizations.

One of the topics that came for deliberation was landslide in hilly areas. One of the

participants enquired about the plans to be adopted for the next 25-30 years to reducepotential risk of landslides in hilly areas like Darjeeling.

Smt. Choten lama commented that if the Government and Non-government organizations,

instead of working in isolated manner and blaming each other, work in unison, the

situation will improve. This would and can significantly reduce injuries and damage to

property. She added awareness generation at gram Panchayat level is mandatory and in

view of possibility of landslides in the hilly areas, it is possible to combine development

works with disaster risk reduction.

A number of issues emerged in the course of discussion:

1. It was advised to use the term convergence rather than integration.2. A group of volunteers has to be formed at Panchayat level who, at the time of

implementation of developmental programme, will disseminate information on disaster

before, during and after a disaster. Besides, awareness generation on protection of


16/47

SAMBIT - 16

human lives should not be limited to district or block level; it must also be conducted at

the Gram Samsad level as well.

3. Any developmental work has to be completed within scheduled time limit. Otherwise itmay increase the risk of disaster. Active participation and regular monitoring byPanchayatPradhan is necessary.

4. It was demanded by some that government should set up Flood Centres in theSecondary and Higher Secondary schools.

5. In places like Purulia, dams are not constructed properly which leads to scarcity ofwater during summer. However, cracks appear during rainy season which causes flood

in the villages. Government was urged to take appropriate steps.

6.

It was also mentioned it becomes difficult for NGOs to implement programmes due tonon- cooperation from Panchayat.

During the course of discussion, Shri Surajit Roy

mentioned that the main problem is not negligence.

Rather, relationship between government and people

is perceived as donor-receiver relationship. Usuallyany planning or development plan flows from the

government to grassroots level. Effectiveness of the

programme increases if the cycle is reversed. In case

the planning is initiated at grassroots level and the

plan is presented to the government, the plan isconsidered with more seriousness. He observed that

condition of people cannot be improved considerably

unless decentralized development process is adopted.

Shri Tarun Debnath addressed the same issue by saying that development and disaster are

interrelated. He said that work pace can be speeded up if it is done through SHGs. It is

observed that the places where SHGs have done productive work, localized disaster

reduction preparedness has been more effective. In this context, Shri Surajit Roy raised a

number of issues: (1) if ones own home is well-protected and the electric connection isproper, then one is protected and if this is disseminated in the community the overall risk

is reduced. (2) Importance of rain water storage in the context ofAila experience (3) Headvised to form disaster risk reduction groups at gram Panchayat level comprising of 10-12

male and 12 female. He suggested organizing regular meetings with the village women

during their leisure time to discuss this issue which may eventually lead to empowering

these women.


17/47

SAMBIT - 17

Formation of task force by the members of self help groups and proper training imparted

to these members was suggested by Shri Debnath. He set an example by saying in 2004

those who took part in community based disaster preparedness did not lose any important

documents. The moderator of the session said in order to reduce the risk of disaster people

should be self dependent and exchange information on disaster risk reduction and otherrelated work, and this should be done in harmony.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. To develop human resource skills in disaster management.2. To give more power and responsibilities to self help groups and include them in disaster risk

reduction process.

3. To study and analyse hazard, risk and vulnerability at all levels.4. In order to prepare micro-zonation, use of GIS technology has to be made mandatory. In order

to achieve this, coordination has to be brought about between District Planning Cell and

Disaster management department.

5. To make data available from natural Resource Database Management System from districtlevel to Gram Sansad level.

6. To undertake disaster related research within disaster management department. Closercontacts to be developed between research organizations and implementing agencies for

execution of research findings.

7. To establish linkage between indicators of Disaster Risk Reduction and Human DevelopmentIndex.


18/47

SAMBIT - 18

Theme: Community and Family Level Preparedness

Day : 22 April, Venue: Ichamati Auditorium, Session: Evening

The theme of session 3 of the first days programme of Sambit-1ST State Disater RiskReduction Congress, West Bengal was Community and family level preparedness. The

session on Community and family level preparedness had Shri Sunil Mammen from Caritas

India as the Chairperson. Md. Asif Ahmed, member of

Disaster Management Department; Anjan Bag, Caritas

India and Smt. Sheela Debi a SHG member as

panelists. This session was mostly on an interactive

mode with participation from members of Gram

Panchayat, representatives from non-government

organisations, officers of the disaster management

department.

One of the issues that was raised was preparation of

PLA method map on the basis of plans prepared at the

Gram Samsad level. Awareness generation at the family level was also discussed. The

following points also emerged during the discussion.

1. Implementation of early warning through siren before cyclone and flood2. Population Report should be properly updated.3. In view of possibility of change on government at Panchayat level training should be

organized every six months.

4. Easy escape route from home during disaster (Multiple roads to each village).5. Coordination between Panchayat and disaster management department and Panchayat

with households.

6. Integration of Disaster management plans with the development plans.7. Awareness among the school children on disaster preparedness and installation of handpump on the roof of houses for availability of water during disaster8. Vigilance to prevent theft of sand bags placed as barriers for embankments9. Arrangement of Disposable Delivery Kit (Dai kit) consisting of blade, thread, cotton,

polythene and gauge for expecting mothers.


19/47

SAMBIT - 19

10.To keep necessary papers and documents together in separate place11.In the flood-prone areas, to keep rice and other food items properly packed in plastic

bags so that food supply remains intact even if the house is inundated.

RECOMMENDATIONS

To undertake awareness generation programs at household and community level throughvillage.

To undertake regular planning exercise on disaster risk reduction and integrate this plan withregular development plans at all levels.

To make arrangements for training of workers associated with disaster risk reduction at regularintervals.

To undertake state-wide campaign to initiate the habit of keeping Family Survival Kits.


20/47

SAMBIT - 20

Theme: Multi-Hazard and Climate Change in the context of West Bengal

Day: 22 April, Venue: Subarnarekha Auditorium, Session: Evening

The theme of session 4 of the first days programme of Sambit-1ST State Disaster RiskReduction Congress, West Bengal was Multi-Hazard and Climate Change in the context ofWest Bengal. The session was chaired by Prof. Subhash Santra and the panelists were Shri

Roshan Rai, Prof. Ananda Chakraborty, Shri Subhro Sen from WWF and Shri Anshuman Das

from Service Centre. The discussion was conducted by Shri Pratik Kumar Bandopadhyay of

Disaster Management Department.

In this context Prof Chakraborty discussed the

possible reasons for landslide in West Bengal. In

analyzing the reasons he mentioned indiscriminate

de-forestation, rise of population in geometric

progression and consequent urbanization and airpollution. Global warming is increasing the erratic

rainfall. Excessive use of fossil fuel is one of the

contributing factors. The temperature has increased

by 1oC in the last 15 years and intensity of Tropical

Cyclone has increased.

Change in natural pattern for landslide and rainfall is mainly responsible for flood and

drought. Excessive deposit of silt in the river has diminished the water retention capacity of

the rivers. Due to environmental imbalance even normal rainfall is giving rise to drought

situation.

He offered a number of suggestions:

Upgradation of infrastructure for DRR Increase in awareness at all levels Wide dissemination of plans and programmesA number of issues cropped up for discussion following the speech by Prof. Chakraborty

The water carrying capacity of rivers is never discussed at the GP level or district leveland as a result of this weakness, a number of potentially dangerous projects get

sanction.

Construction of roads, even National Highways on cultivable land Filling up of the water bodies for construction activities Strong legal framework is necessary to prevent such human activities that enhances the

possibility of disaster

WWF representative Shri Subhro Sen commented that although a lot is spoken about

climate change related issues, ultimately this issue do not get priority. He informed that


21/47

SAMBIT - 21

although a state level climate change committee was formed two years back with the Chief

Minister of Government of West Bengal at the chair, it started functioning only a month ago.

Shri Roshan Rai who came from Darjeeling, in his

short speech said that, it is difficult to debate ifclimate change is taking place scientifically or not.

But the questions that were raised in terms of

helplessness caused due to siltation, river issues or

sewage problems will get doubled with climate

change and with extreme heat and erratic monsoons.

He focussed on three main comments:

A landscape approach is needed because theSunderbans and the rest of Bengal receive water from the Himalayas. At some places

there is excess or no water. But in Darjeeling there has been dramatic changes in terms

of crops like in the higher altitudes Rhododendrons are blooming a month before thanit used to.

Another example would be the oranges which used to grow at the height of 3 4thousand meters, is gaining altitude day by day.

Most importantly, a type of mosquito which breeds mainly in the tea gardens is nowactually found in the foot hills of Darjeeling.

The whole discussion of multi hazard and climatic changes should look at a holistic

perspective, which includes food security and not just loss of water and soil.

One of the delegates asked what method should be adopted to communicate with the grassroot level people and what would be the role of media?

One of the panelists, Mr. Angshuman Das, commented that deforestation is at times

necessary for livelihood. However, if such activities are undertaken in a coordinated

manner and a land resource map is put in place then deforestation may not lead to disaster.

He advocated use of GIS technology.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. To fix objectives for development of institutional structures and infrastructure at the State level inorder to get rid of the problems relating to disaster and climate change

2. To stop deforestation and promote aforestation and keep a balance on Food Chain and habitatchange.

3. Make a state wide plan on land resources.4. To increase all round awareness on landslide, land erosion and habitat chain in the coastal areas.5. In order to promote long term development, an integrated plan has to be prepared through

concerted efforts by environmentalists, development specialists and disaster management

specialists.


22/47

SAMBIT - 22

Theme: Role of Panchayat and Participatory Approaches in Disaster Risk Reduction

Day 23 April, Venue: Teesta Auditorium, Session: Morning

The theme of session 1 of the second days programme of Sambit-1ST State Disaster RiskReduction Congress, West Bengal was Role of Panchayat in disaster management. TheChairperson of this session was Shri Amalendu Ghosh. The Panelists were Shri Sanjay

Moulik, Shri Manab Sen and Ms. Bani Saraswati. Sri Pinaki Haldar moderated the session.

Shri Ghosh emphasized on the fact that Gram

Panchayat Act, 1973 does not have any mention of

separate rules on Disaster Risk Management. Hence

the concept of disaster management should be

viewed as an integral part of well-conceived and

well-planned development.

It was also mentioned that Panchayat sometimes play

the role of government and it is its responsibility to

play such a role. Some Panchayat members shared

personal experiences like they have seen crops

spread over the roads which can lead to accidents.

Other issues discussed were:

Improper implementation of plans due to limited resource of government. Existence of Kucha roads, particularly in places like Gajol, Malda which may cause

floods during rain.

It was suggested to form immediate Action group to fight against disaster. Crops are scattered on the roads in the rural areas, which make them prone to accidents.Smt. Bani Saraswati also mentioned various roles of women in any emergency. She also

laminated that keeping in mind emergency situations women should keep all the important

documents like property papers in safe and protected place.

Sri Manab Sen advocated that Disaster Management plan should be prepared in

coordination with Gram Sansad, Gram Panchayat, Block and District. Sri Sanjay Mollickpromoted educating and awareness building among common mass on disaster risk

reduction.


23/47

SAMBIT - 23

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Preparation of disaster management plan in coordination with Gram Samsad, GramPanchayat, Block and District

2. To include officers of Disaster management Department in the Planning andDevelopment Committees of Panchayat bodies in various tiers

3. Representation in SDMA (State Disaster Management Authority) from PanchayatDepartment

4. To create awareness among the Panchayat members to incorporate DRR in developmentplans

5. To amend the Panchayat act in order to include DRR. Similarly, the State DisasterManagement Act to be amended in order to incorporate the role of Panchayat


24/47

SAMBIT - 24

Theme: Issues of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion in Emergencies

Day: 23 April 2010, Venue: Ichamati, Session: Morning

The theme of session 2 of the second days programme of Sambit-1ST State Disaster RiskReduction Congress, West Bengal was Issue of water and sanitation and hygienepromotion in emergencies Prof. Arunava Majumdar was on the chair and other panelists

were Dr. Anshuman Mitra, Smt. Mamta Pradhan from Oxfam and Shri. Pratik Kumar

Bandopadhyay, officer of Disaster Management Department. The discussion was hosted by

Shri Bhashwar Bandopadhyay from Oxfam.

Prof. Majumdar commented at the outset that safe

water is one of the basic human rights. During

disaster safe water becomes scarce but safe water is

absolutely necessary to ensure health. Microbial and

natural pollution are two major reasons forenvironmental pollution. Therefore water pollution

becomes a major issue during flood. If people are

aware of water purification techniques, it becomes

possible to purify flood water and use for drinking

and household work. Since tube wells get submerged

during flood the same have to be disinfected. It is

important to form volunteer team from local youth and they should be trained in repairing

hand pumps.

Water purification needs to be monitored and it must be ensured that diarrhoea, malaria,

and cholera are not spread in the relief camps. If the water supply is not adequate, thestagnant water must be purified before use.

Mamata Pradhan demonstrated models of latrines. The design of the toilets in the flood

prone areas must be advanced and the height is more than the normal toilets.

Two issues came up for discussion:

The cheap variety single pit latrine gets flooded easily - how to manage thisproblem.

Due to inundation of the toilet, water at home becomes scarce -how to manage thisproblem.

In reply to the first question, P.K. Banerjee there is basic technical difference in design

between toilet used in normal and flood prone areas. Prof. Majumdar mentioned there are

two types of toilets and the Vietnam Model is named Eco-San-Toilet is used which is

suitable in flood prone areas.


25/47

SAMBIT - 25

One participant asked about the quality of water that we drink every day. He said there are

116 water quality laboratories in West Bengal. He also said sand layer must be placed in

the toilet pits and should be at least 30 ft from the water source. In reply to another

question he said the depth of litch pit should not be more than 5 ft.

In the discussions that followed, Dr. Mitra brought

forth the public health and hygiene aspects in

relation to water and sanitation issues. Water

purification was also discussed. Shri Banerjee

reiterated the importance of awareness building and

group formation in order to ensure relief

distribution and water purification.

Dr. Majumdar underscored the importance of

creating barrier around water bodies and advised

collaborative venture with STF for waterpurification. He also mentioned that women become vulnerable to reproductive tract

infection. He advised use of sanitary pads.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Administrative steps to be taken to raise awareness on water purification techniques.2. People must be oriented on techniques to store rain water in ponds and water tank.3. Use of NREGS for implementation of sewage system.4. Infrastructure upgradation of toilets to make them suitable for use in disaster situation.5. Water and hygiene aspects must be included in the disaster management plans at Panchayat

and Municipal level.


26/47

SAMBIT - 26

Theme: Preparedness in the backdrop of Cyclone Aila

Day 23 April, 2010 Venue Subarnarekha Auditorium, Session: Morning

The theme of session 4 of the second days programme of Sambit-1ST State DRR Congress,West Bengal was Preparedness in the backdrop ofAila. Chairperson of the session wasShri Hari Krishna. Among the speakers were Shri

B.C.Patra, Joint Secretary of Disaster Management

Department, Govt West Bengal, Prof Abhijit Kundu

from Jadavpur University and Shri Paresh Chandra

Mandal, representative of an NGO in Sunderban.

Shri Hari Krishna initiated the session by highlighting

on the lessons about how to fight against cyclones

like Aila in the future. He categorized the session into

four parts: Pre-disaster cautionary arrangements During Aila Participation of government and NGOs Negative impact of Aila Future preparedness strategy on the basis of Aila experienceThe suggestions which came up at the beginning of the discussion are as follows:

Instead of referring only aboutAila it would be better a holistic view is adopted forkind of devastating cyclone.

Weather forecast and necessary information if provided on time by themeteorological department with SMS alerts can help in reducing disaster.

Abhijit Kundu added by saying that sometimes people do not take the alerts seriously.

Some people thoughtAila would ultimately move towards Bangladesh without touching

West Bengal. Shri Kundu emphasized on scientific development and spoke about Last MileConnectivity. He emphasized mobilizing ICDS workers at the grassroots level for

dissemination of alerts. In case this is not possible, a system of alerts through mobile

phones could be introduced. He suggested construction of at least one concrete house in

every disaster prone area which can be used as cyclone shelter during disaster.

A comparative analysis between Aila and tornado in Uttar Dinajpur cropped up during

deliberations. While Aila happened during the day, tornado struck at night. There werealerts before Aila but there was no information before tornado. Where Aila destroyed

Bengal and some parts of Bangladesh tornado affected only few places. Number of deaths

during Aila and afterwards (mainly out of diseases like cholera) was much more than that

in tornado. Approximately 39 people died during tornado. Many of them were hit by tinned

(aluminium sheet) roof, a structure which is more popular in North Bengal than in coastal

belt.


27/47


28/47

SAMBIT - 28

Educational and Cultural programmes during Sambit

Quiz

A quiz contest was organized on Disaster RiskReduction in the post-lunch session on the second day.

The discerning point of this session was enthusiastic

participation by the delegates. Most of the delegates

gave correct answers and thereby demonstrated high

level of awareness. The contest was coordinated by Shri

Anupam Chakrabarty from the Department of Disaster

Management.

Kobigaan (folk songs)

At the outset, a group of folk singers from Burdwan

performed Kobigaan. It was informative and through their

performance they presented various aspects of Disaster and

dos and donts of the people in all disaster phases

Band performance

After the all day long

discussion Mohul, a groupof Bengali folk singers, gave

a breakthrough performance. Participants enjoyed

thoroughly and became a part of the excitement filled

warm evening.

Mock drill

The role of the dogs trained under the strict supervision

for the inspection of the police is famous all over the

world. The highly trained dogs can not only be used in

police inspection, but also in the emergencies during

disasters, which was correctly proved by the members of

the NDRF through their eye-catching dog-show.

Stalls

The venue of the threeday long conference of the Disaster Risk Reduction

Congress was ornamented with twenty stalls. Many

INGOs / NGOs and self-help organisations, put up stalls

to show case items and issues relating to DRR, along

with the Disaster Management Department Government

of West Bengal, Jadavpur University and NDRF.


29/47

SAMBIT - 29

Theme: Earthquake Risk Mitigation

Day: 23 April, 2010, Venue: Teesta Auditorium, Session: Afternoon

The theme of afternoon session of the second days programme of Sambit- 1ST State

Disaster Risk Reduction Congress, West Bengal was Earthquake Risk Mitigation. TheChairperson of this session was Shri Debashis Kar, Director General Building, Kolkata

Municipal Corporation. The Panelists were Shri Biswajit Chakraborty and Shri Sujoy

Chowdhury of Goal Ireland. Smt. Ranjini Mukharjee of UNDP anchored the session.

The Chairperson observed that earthquake strikes all

of a sudden at any time of day and night without any

prior warning. Hence this issue needs to be given

special attention. Special techniques have to be

adopted to reduce the risk of such disaster. It is

advisable not to construct strong concrete walls in

earthquake prone zones since lot of people have diedas a result of building collapse. It is also observed

that earthquake has less severe effect on mud

houses. Local resources and earthquake resistant

technology suitable to the local situation has to be

referred to when infrastructure design of the area would be planned.

Smt. Ranjini Mukherjee, mentioned that earthquake risk reduction should be included into

the syllabus of school children and also mentioned the role of schools in this issue.

Shri Biswajit Chakroborty, an expert on DRR divided earthquake-prone areas in various

categories:

1. Extremely high earthquake prone zone2. Moderately high earthquake prone zone3. Low earthquake prone zoneIn the West Bengal context, the following gives idea on zones:

Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar fall within extremely high earthquake prone zone South 24 Paraganas fall under Moderately High earthquake prone zoneHe said that most of the towns are not planned. If an earthquake strikes Kolkata, with its

effect measuring 4.5 on Richter scale, it would damage almost 45% of the constructions of

the city. Chances of damage are more during the day because a large number of people

come to the city for livelihood from districts and villages.

Shri Sujoy Choudhury said:

People in the urban area should be more aware in the day to day life. Everybody should have a clear idea of the type of construction of their respective

workplace.

People should be aware of easy route of escape during a disaster.


30/47

SAMBIT - 30

Capacity building and awareness generation is required at both school and college level.Citing an example from the Gujarat earthquake, he informed that lack of awareness led to

so many deaths. This was because the school children took shelter inside the school

buildings which collapsed.

One Participant observed that during floods in

Bardhaman, substantial number of people lose their

lives because of inundation of the coal mines. He

suggested setting up of Diver training centre in

Mython Dam. Every 20-60 km area should have one

diver under the supervision of Corporation and

Panchayat. This would help saving lives.

In urban area construction of houses with pillars is a

normal phenomenon which is unsafe from disaster

point of view. However, these are considered aslegal construction by Municipal Corporations. Hence

awareness generation needs to be done at Municipal

level.

Another participant commented that there is no system of demolishing any structure that

is unable to withstand a disaster. The Government projects do not allot additional funds to

construct Disaster-resistant houses. Panchayats do not have any designated engineer.

Therefore, infrastructural change is necessary. Another participant observed that Disaster

management should be included in school syllabus. Drama, Mime and paintings exhibitions

can be used as awareness media to spread awareness among school children. School

buildings should be constructed in such a manner that they are Disaster-resistant.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. To set up Diver training Centres to avoid loss during earthquakes and avalanches in the MiningAreas

2. To introduce BIS codes and disaster resistant features in Panchayat Building Bye-laws for houseand infrastructure construction.

3. To appoint engineer capable of setting up of disaster-resistant structures in the Panchayatadministration

4. The school buildings should be constructed in accordance with latest building bye-laws andconsidering disaster-resistant technology accordingly. School Safety programmes should

immediately be started and adopted at the state level.

5. Organize sophisticated training for Fire Brigade and Civil Defence personnel6. Adherence to BIS Specification specially with respect to recent improvements brought in for

constructions e.g Ductile grades like Fe500D with its better product features will reduce the

risk of disaster in all types of construction for individuals or for institutions.


31/47

SAMBIT - 31

Theme: Health and Nutrition in Disaster Response

Day 23 April, 2010, Venue : Ichamati Auditorium , Session: Afternoon

The theme of session at venue Ichamati of the second days programme of Sambit-1STState Disaster Risk Reduction Congress, West Bengal was Health and Nutrition in DisasterResponse. Chairperson of the session was Dr.Ujjwal Sengupta. Other members of the panel

were Dr. Asit Pandey, Dr. Prabhas Choudhury. Dr. Prabir Chatterjee moderated the

discussion. Dr. Sukanta Sil of North 24 Parganas CMOH was also present.

The Chairperson emphasized on the importance of the health of the victims after any

disaster. He said that disaster is directly related with health and nutrition. Lack of nutrition

is observed after disaster which eventually affects public health.

Dr.Asit Pandey (ACMOH) referred to the picture of

Basirhat, North 24 Paraganas after Aila. He sharedhis experience by saying that three blocks of North

24 Paraganas were flooded and one government

representative was dedicated to every Aila affected

block.

53,840 suffered from diarrhoea out of which 11

died. 61 were victims of snake-bite and 2 people

died. 7 blocks which included Hingalgunj,

Sandeshkhali and Hasnabad were totally devastated

by Aila. 6,17,000 people out of a total population of 13,50,000 were injured. 22,400 people

suffered from malaria, dengue and cholera. The main area of concern was unsafe drinking

water. It was found that water supplied by Government and NGOs contained bacteria, the

main reason for this being leakage of pipe line. The numbers of relief workers were not

sufficient though lot of people from Government and NGOs were engaged in relief work. Dr

Pandey said that the drinking water supplied in pouches were contaminated which in turn

contaminated the water leaked from pipeline. In spite of so many limitations the diseases

were eventually managed with the help of the relief workers.

Every person requires 15 litres of drinking water every day. But Aila affected areas did not

get sufficient drinking water. It was suggested to mix 3 drops of bleaching powder to every

litre of water. But there was not enough supply of bleaching powder.

Children below 5 years did not get vitamins in the ir meal. Chirand gur(Pressed rice andmolasses) were usually supplied to people during an emergency. But this type of food has

less nutritious value. Lack of protein has also been observed.

Dr.Pandeys speech was followed by observations of Dr. Prabhas Choudhury. He said since53% of the villages of West Bengal are flood-prone, so recovery including rehabilitation

and reconstruction is difficult in these areas. Both government and NGOs must work

together to face and manage these kinds of disasters. He suggested forming a group in


32/47

SAMBIT - 32

every block comprising of one government official and a doctor and that their contact

numbers must be provided to everybody in the respective block.

Keeping in mind of the public health, 500 antibiotics were supplied which helped to fight

against the diseases after Aila. He added with deep regret that in some cases relief workwas hampered. The relief workers got stuck up on their way to remote areas. Due to lack of

proper communication facilities relief could not be sent. Hence awareness generation is

required among common people along with active and rapid response during emergency

situations. Dr.Ujjwal Sengupta also shared the same view. He said that pre and post disaster

plans are required.

Some important and vital questions were raised from the participants at the end of the

session.

During any disaster what should be the mode oftreatment for the elderly people

How to handle child-related nutrition issues.

All the children stay in same relief camps makesthem difficult to stay healthy.

Whether medicines are used in sufficient quantityin the villages. Often, villagers do not prefer to take

ORS simply because ofbad taste

How to keep the women healthy in relief campsand whether it is possible to arrange for trauma

counseling.

What arrangements can be taken to keep the women safe and protected in the reliefcamps

In context to the questions raised by the participants, the discussion that came to the fore

front was:

Nutrition plays a vital role during any natural calamities or disasters. So nutrition should

not be overlooked during this time. It should be according to the standards of the present

time as well.

Hygienic, cheap and more nutritious food should be included as relief food. For example: it

is seen that Chhola or Bengal Gram is given as relief food, though it is nutritious but water

is needed to consume it. During emergencies it is hard to get potable water. So, we have to

think about such food which gives optimum nutrition; beside the food, hygiene can be

maintained.

It is seen that children and older people do not get proper nutrition during disasters. We

have to think about the cheap enriched and fortified food for them including women. (The

At risk group)

It is also observed that, there is a tendency among mothers to overfeed their children

during this time, to secure the food for them. As psychologically, mothers are biased and


33/47

SAMBIT - 33

want to secure maximum food for their children, they also collect cooked food from the

camp and store them privately for their children. Storing foods unscientifically, can lead to

outbreak of many diseases.

So here we have to give them nutrition, education and also a nutrition monitoring system(specifically during disasters) which should be set up for proper monitoring. It would not

only be able to achieve the highest nutrition but also cut the expense of the Government by

proper use of resource.

Proper nutrition monitoring and special care should be taken in the flood or disaster prone

areas, as this strategy would help to reduce the negative consequences of an aftermath.

Nutrition and hygiene education should be given to all who are handling food at that time.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Special Disaster-related plans have to be prepared regarding health and nutrition and this planshould have special provisions for the vulnerable section including children, elderly people,

breast-feeding mothers. This has to be integrated with the main DRR plan

Vulnerability relating to Health and Nutrition has to be assessed for different types ofdisasters

Safe toilet for women and children need to be arranged. Special attention must be given toreproductive health of women. Arrangements must be made to make hygienic materials

accessible.

In the post-disaster period, survey must be conducted for behaviour change and analysis ofpsychological impact on them, and facility for counselling may be done.


34/47

SAMBIT - 34

Theme: Our learning in Post Cyclone Aila

Day 23 April, 2010, Venue : Subarnarekha Auditorium, Session: Afternoon

The theme of session at Subarnarekha of the second days programme of Sambit-1ST StateDRR Congress, West Bengal was Our learning in postcyclone response. The Chairperson of this session

was Shri Nilanjan Shandilya , ADM, South24

Paraganas District. Other Panelists included Shri

Tanaji Sen from Red-R India, Shri Jatin Mandar from

Save the Children, Shri Alok Ghosh from CASA and Fr.

Soosaiappa from Palli Unnayan Samity. The

Moderator of the session was Shri Puthumai

A.Nazarene, the State Coordinator of State Inter

Agency Group-West Bengal.

The chairperson said that one of the major lessons from Aila is that we should change our

mindset towards DRR. It has to be seen that the disasters cause minimum injury and

damage. Puthumai displayed some slides containing data and photographs of damage

caused by Aila and said that Disaster management becomes easier if NGOs work together

with Panchayats.

The issues that emerged during deliberations are:

Sharing of experiences and ideas is less within the NGOs. Sometimes relief sent inone place is less and surplus in another place. This is due to the fact that NGOs have

very little idea of the geographical location. Psycho-social reception was also

discussed in the session.

During Aila the agricultural fields were flooded by salt water which hamperedcultivation. How to start cultivation all over again?

In this context, Shri Alok Ghosh suggested that instead of knowing about the geographical

location of the devastated areas, it is more important to send relief in coordination with

Gram Sansad. It was also suggested to cultivate seeds like Matla, Hogla, Nonarekha,

Nonashal which grow up in fields inundated by saline water. He emphasized on human

development and improvement in lifestyle of people. He emphasized the need for State

level authorities on Disaster management in the model adopted at the national level.

Shri Jatin Mandar discussed about trafficking in Patharpatima and Sandeshkhali 1 and 2

blocks. He informed that Patharpratima has attracted global attention due to highest

suicide rate. He suggested building children friendly space for children which would reduce

vulnerability of children and their mothers and this may help in reduction in trafficking.

Mid-day meal is started after 4-6 months of Aila. Hence government machinery should be

activated.


35/47

SAMBIT - 35

Since the agricultural fields have been inundated by saline water, some farmers have

shifted to shrimp farming and fishery from paddy or vegetable cultivation. Limited training

is sometimes acting as handicap. Hence training is essential.

Shri Tanaji Sen from Red-R India said that information, coordination and sense ofresponsibility is required for any work to be done. Along with success, failure should not be

ignored. Any political and social issues should not hamper our work, keeping them in mind

we should move forward. Rehabilitation is not only reconstruction of houses and building

but taking care of the injured and depressed people and giving them hope to survive.

The chairperson raised some important points during the discussion:

He said that disaster management should be on long term basis. This will spread more

awareness and people will learn faster.

He also said that in the post-disaster period, special care should also be taken for birds,

animals, tree planting.

RECOMMENDATIONS

At the time of assessment of damage and recovery, needs of the marginalized people should be takencare of

Alternative arrangements for livelihood development should be ensured during and after emergency Safety aspects for humans and nature must be considered Steps must be taken to desalinate soil and initiate steps to start cultivation Dissemination of information for early warning has to be made acceptable to people. Coordination has

to be brought about among Government, NGO and Panchayat bodies

Relief and Rescue is part of basic human rights and this should be done on emergency basis, and boththe work should be implemented fast on emergency basis

In the post-disaster period all the relevant departments should respond on emergency basis Localised and time-bound warning system should be introduced Embankment should be constructed as per quality specifications and in time-bound manner Steps must be taken at Block and Gram Panchayat level for storage of relief materials for speedy

distribution


36/47

SAMBIT - 36

Theme: Policies and challenges in Disaster Risk Reduction

Day: 24 April, 2010, Venue: Teesta Auditorium, Session : Morning

The theme of session at Teesta Hall of the third days programme of Sambit-1ST StateDisaster Risk Reduction Congress, West Bengal was

Policies and challenges in Disaster Risk Reduction.

The session on Disaster Risk Reduction was chaired

by Shri Debabrata Pal (IAS), Joint Secretary of Disaster

Management Department, Government of West Bengal

and the members of the expert panel were Shri G.

Padmanabhan of UNDP, Shri Rabindranath from

Assam and Prof. Ishita Mukherjee of Calcutta

University.

The chairperson observed that due to indiscriminate

construction of buildings in urban areas, loss of lives has increased during earthquake. He

advocated integration of BIS codes and building byelaws and stressed upon upgradation of

the BIS codes. He also said that obstruction like barrage is constructed every year in the

rivers at an interval of every 1 km in the different blocks. But by not breaching this local

barrage at the end of the year, it leads to the occurrence of the unprecedented floods. This

problem also needs to be changed. Since poor people have a tendency to construct houses

in low land, they face sufferings most in the time crisis. Government projects like Indira

Aawas Yojana (IAY) may be utilized for reducing their distress.

The next speaker, Shri Padmanabhan highlighted the joint initiative between stategovernment and UNDP. He emphasized on knowledge sharing and early warning system.

He also said that civil society must take collective ownership for DRR.

Prof. Mukherjee emphasized on gender disparity in the disaster context. She said both men

and women should be given equal chance in the disaster related activities. Special attention

must be given to areas where backwardness among women is more acute. A few issues

came up for discussion.

What form of disaster is related to climate change Problems in formulating policy and implementation How to generate awareness among most vulnerable people How to use policies prepared by IAGThe chairperson mentioned that people have benefited by UNDP funded Disaster Risk

Management Programme. This needs to be triggered towards more activity in the entire

State. He pointed out that State Disaster Management Authority should have representative

from Panchayat Department.


37/47

SAMBIT - 37

Shri Rabindranath highlighted the policy aspects of Disaster Management and main

features of Disaster Management Act 2005. He advocated for wide dissemination of

knowledge and technological upgradation.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Process of DRR is actually development process. This must be reflected in developmentplan.

The resources for DRR have to be strengthened. Coordinated effort by Government, NGO, Corporate Houses, Education Institutions,

Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) and CBOs to ensure effective DRR.

Protection during disaster is a fundamental right-this must be recognized in legal and

institutional arrangement.

Dissemination of early warning information up to Gram Panchayat level. The BIS code must be maintained in the construction of the houses under the Indira

Aawas Yojana (IAY).


38/47

SAMBIT - 38

Theme: Education and Child Protection in Emergencies

Day 24 April, 2010, Venue: Ichamati Auditorium, Session: Morning

The theme of session at venue - Ichamati of the third days programme of Sambit-1STState Disaster Risk Reduction Congress, West Bengal was Education and Child Protectionin Emergencies. The Chairperson of the session was

Shri Ray Kancharla of Save the Children. The

panellists were Sri Umapada Chatterjee, Additional

State Project Director, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan Smt.

Paramita Neogi, Child Protection Officer, UNICEF, Smt.

Sheril Francis, St. Xaviers College.

Chairperson mentioned that children constitute 40%

of population in the country. Yet, the Disaster

Management Act does not have any special section onchildren. He invited two NGO workers on stage to

share their experiences. Both of them mentioned about creation of child friendly space in

their project areas, increase vigilance for prevention of trafficking and counseling of the

children. He made a presentation which dealt with creation of child friendly space and

explained the STOP model ( S- Space & Structure, T Trust, Time, Talking, O- Opportunity

to play and P -Partnership with Parents). He hoped management of emergency situation

will be easier with:

Child protection at local level Family education Institutional strengthening Localized care State policy Preparation of protocol guidelineIn this context one panelist mentioned about gender disparity and HIV-AIDS, participation

at GP level and inclusion of DRR in school curriculum.

Since children are most vulnerable any policy should be prepared with CCW ( ChildCannot Wait) in mind.

The issues that were raised in the interactive session were:

Inclusion of child protection in the Act, Condition of children during man-made disaster

situations (terrorist attack), and Preparation of State level Resource Team.

Shri Chatterjee said this been included in syllabus and how to expand the scope is explored.

As a ground work for formulation of Disaster Management Team, mock drill has been

organized. Other aspects were (a)sensitize government employees on restriction of use of


39/47

SAMBIT - 39

child labour (b) improvement of government Homes. (c) Preparation prior to disaster is

necessary, this eases management of disaster.

Smt. P.Neogi said

Trafficking increased after cyclone Aila. Quality and Distribution of Resources is important. Protection of a vulnerable child is a human

responsibility-not the work of government alone.

Specialist training is essential. The whole issue needs to be viewed with empathy.Shri Gomes from St. Xaviers College, Kolkata and Smt.

Sheryl Francis informed the steps they have taken in

colleges to orient the students on safety.

In this case students are asked to form a Disaster Management Committee and asked to

draw Resource and Vulnerability Map. Orientation is given on early warning, fire fighting,

first aid, formulation of rescue team etc. In the St. Xaviers College

RECOMMENDATIONS

Giving importance on Child Protection in the acts relating to Disaster Management. Give due importance to right to child protection and respect the opinions of the children

at the village level while developing disaster management plan.

Awareness to be increased on child labour and the practice of child labour must bestopped.

Identify disaster related risks for children. Disaster Management should be included in school syllabus.


40/47

SAMBIT - 40

Theme: Rights based issues in Response and Preparedness

Day 24 April, 2010 , Venue: Ichhamati Auditorium, Session: Morning

The theme of session at Ichhamati venue of the third days programme of Sambit-1STState DRR Congress, West Bengal was Rights basedissues in Response Preparedness. The Chairperson of

this session was Shri Chittaranjan Mandal from Action

Aid India. Shri Somen Das, Disaster Management

Officer, Sri Vikas Gora from Sphere India and Smt.

Sabrina Edwards were on the panel of experts.

The chairperson said that the rights of the most

affected by disaster, marginalized and backward

people should be protected and honoured and people

must be made aware of their rights.

To receive relief during disaster is a basic right of an individual. Receiving good quality

relief with appropriate amount forms integral part of the right. Despite this, violation of

human rights occurs mostly at the time of disaster. Other fundamental rights include food,

nutrition, shelter, drinking water and sanitation.

The issues that emerged in the Interactive Session were:

Indicators to assess quantity and quality of the relief material. Role of state to ensure rights of the citizens The manner in which the rights of the people are ensured during disaster.According to Shri S. Das, although right to life and freedom is recognised in the constitution

and right to family life and livelihood also forms part of human right, these rights are

violated during disaster. Since relief camps operate at levels beyond optimum capacity,

some are denied of the right to food, nutrition, drinking water and sanitation. Since relief

camps are organized in the schools the education is hampered.

Shri Vikas Gora informed that two aspects become crucial in the Disaster Situations:

Helplessness of the people affected by Disaster

Substantial number of women and children among the people affected by Disaster Relief materials should never be considered as alms - it is a fundamental right No compromise on quality of life for disaster affected people. Special measures for old people and children Adequate attention to environmental protection, especially about pollution from plastic

packets.

Special arrangements to take expecting mothers to hospital.


41/47

SAMBIT - 41

Special attention for prevention of trafficking ofgirl child.

Coordinated efforts of all agencies. Strict monitoring of quality and quantity- no one

should be deprived.

Smt. Sabrina highlighted the following issues in the

Interactive session:

Women are affected more during disaster becausethey mostly stay within homes.

Most women are unaware of sources of relief. The relief distribution system is not transparent. Women become subject to sexual harassment. Sanitary Napkins should be available with adolescent girls and women. The place where a woman sleeps at night should be adequately protected. If a man leaves home for work, the security of the woman is affected. Sometimes women

leave SHGs after disaster.

Sometimes men, out of despair become addicted to alcohol, and they inflict mental andphysical abuse on women.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Maintain quality of the relief materials Relief to be distributed as per valid demand and should not be dictated by supply. The rights of children, women and specially-abled persons should be protected. Adequate steps to be taken to prevent trafficking during disaster. Men and women should take equal part in preparation of Disaster Risk Reduction. Quality of the Relief materials to be determined on the basis of standard of living and local

custom.


42/47

SAMBIT - 42

CLOSING CEREMONY

Shri Puthumai Nazarene, Coordinator, State IAG

thanked all participants from various organisations,

particularly those who have worked tirelessly to makethe Congress a success. He introduced the persons

who will speak in the closing ceremony: Joint

Secretary, Shri Debabrata Pal, UNDP representative

Shri G. Padmanabhan, Vice-chairman of Sphere India:

Shri Ray Kancharla, and Officer from the Department

of Disaster Management: Shri. Himadri Maitra. The

closing speech was scheduled to be delivered by the

member of the organising committee, Shri Subhasish

Debnath.

Joint Secretary Shri Debabrata Pal, mentioned thatIAG began its operation in selected areas of south 24

Paraganas and Nadia in 2000. However the potential

of state wide intervention on CBDP could not be

realized on the basis of these activities. The operation

of state IAG speeded up after involvement of the state

government. As an impact of this collaboration first

state IAG conference being organised utilizing

Government infrastructure. The Disaster

Management Department has introduced DRR

activities in some districts and Municipalities. I hope

this conference will explore diverse possibilities which will be beneficial to people at large.

Shri G. Padmanabhan from UNDP complimented the

West Bengal Government and State IAG for

successfully organising first such Congress in India. He

elucidated concepts on DRR in a lucid manner. He also

mentioned the policies on DRR and inclusion of DRR

in 11th Five-year plan. He pointed out some obstacles

to DRR initiatives and these are lack of awareness,

improper implementation. He mentioned DRR is not

only a responsibility of government. This is a

responsibility of all those who are associated with

some development work. In conclusion, he informed

that UNDP will be happy to collaborate with the Government of West Bengal and IAG as per

guidelines of NDMA and Union Home Ministry.


43/47

SAMBIT - 43

Shri Ray Kancharala, the Vice-Chairperson of Sphere India, complimented the Joint

Secretary of the Department of Disaster Management for organising such a historic

Congress. He hailed this initiative as commendable

and mentioned West Bengal is truly a pioneer in this

aspect. This Congress provided opportunity forinteraction among various groups of people including

grassroots level functionaries, professionals,

government officials, members of civil society and

many others. He particularly mentioned the

discussion on child education and child protection at

the time of disaster. He hoped this Congress will not

only show new ways for implementation of the Hugo

Framework, but would also facilitate child protection

in vulnerable areas and empowerment of people in the rural areas. He thanked all partners

responsible for organising this Congress.

Shri Himadri Maitra, summarised the recommendations that emerged during three-day

consultation.

To increase awareness on DRR among people inand through the mass media.

To make arrangements for research in theDisaster Management department, establish

contacts with Research Organisations and

implementing findings of the research.

To link indicators of DRR with HumanDevelopment Index.

To conduct state wide campaign for keepingFamily Survival Kit ready.

To fix targets for infrastructural upgradation formanagement of problems associated with Disaster and Climate change.

Relief to be distributed as per valid demand and should not be dictated by supply To prepare a comprehensive perspective plan in consultation with environmentalists,

development experts and DM department.

To have representative of Panchayat and Rural Development Department in StateDisaster Management Authority.

The schools have to be made earthquake resistant. School safety work plan has to beadopted at the state level. Economic loss of marginalised people has to be taken into account to assess damage

and loss for recovery, reconstruction and rehabilitation.

Information on early warning has to made accessible to people. Coordination has to bebrought about among government, Non government organizations, PRI and Disaster

Management Teams in this regard.


44/47

SAMBIT - 44

That DRR initiative as development activities has to be reflected in the developmentplans.

To give due importance to child protection in disaster management act and planning.Shri Subhasish Debnath, on behalf of the organising committee of the Congress expressedheart-felt gratitude to the Ministers of Finance,

Panchayat and Rural Development and Disaster

Management, Government of West Bengal. He

thanked the members of NDMA and representatives

of the NDRF and about 700 delegates of the Congress.

He also expressed thanks to the community

members, Panchayat representatives, Government

officials, UN representatives, delegates from the

NGO/INGO, educationists, students and members of

the organising committee. He said that the biggest

gain of this conference is active participations by allthose present. In this connection he thanked the Officers of the DM department and Shri.

D.Pal, Joint Secretary in particular. He conveyed that a joint initiative by government and

civil society is making the DRR initiatives stronger and vibrant.


45/47

SAMBIT - 45


46/47

SAMBIT - 46


47/47

SAMBIT - 47

sambit report

Documents