samoa: socially-aware mobile architecturepitt.edu/~dtipper/2011/slides4_09.pdf · the samoa...

SAMOA: Socially-Aware

School of Information Sciences - University of Pittsburgh

yMObile Architecture

Pittsburgh, PA, Feb. 27th, 2009

Dario Bottazzi

[email protected]

DEIS—University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 2, 40136

Bologna, Italy

OutlineOutline

Social Computing

New Opportunities for Social Computing inNew Opportunities for Social Computing in Pervasive Environments

The SAMOA Framework – The SAMOA Model

– The SAMOA Architecture

University of Pittsburgh — Feb. 27th, 2009

Experimental Results

Social NetworksSocial Networks

o man is an island entire of itself; every man isNo man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main.N

John Donne, Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions—Meditation XVII


The Roots of Social ComputingThe Roots of Social Computing

Since from early 60s several researches in Computer Supported Cooperative WorkComputer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) investigated suitable means to leverage human connections and improvinghuman interaction– Interaction driven by business needs


– Structured and Formalized user collaboration

Social ComputingSocial Computing

Recent times several Internet-based social computing supports have emerged in the literature– Automatic Identification of experts in a field

– Study of Social Dynamics in Communities (e.g. for team-building)

– Improvement of Web Ranking Algorithms

– Sharing and Distribution of Pictures, Videos and text messages


messages

– …


Internet is assumed to be the main source of empirical data from which to extract meaningful social relationb t i di id lbetween individuals– Links on Web Pages– Scientific Publication Data-Bases– Repositories of e-mail messages (e.g. in enterprise settings)– Blog or Usenet posts– …


Data mining techniques are often employed to extract the social network. Only recently some ontology-basedapproach for modeling and representing meaningful social relation has appeared (e.g. FOAF profiles)


OpenSocial API: de-facto industrial standard for the development of social-computing Web sites– Define a set of API that determine the set of

mechanisms needed to build and update socialnetworks

– Allow different JavaScript-based applications (widget) to access the social network of a user to promoteand support informal and swarming collaboration


pp g– Widget can be developed by third-parties and can be

used within each open-social compliant web site– Apache Shinding

New New Opportunities for Social Opportunities for Social Computing Computing

The Pervasive Scenario– Proliferation of wireless-enabled devices

– Recent advances in Wireless Networks and the emergence of MANET technology

Pervasive Computing poses challenging issues to the Social Computing research circles

– What kind of mobile social application can we build?


– What are the new requirements of mobile social applications?

– How can we support the development of mobile social applications?

Impromptu Collaboration (1)Impromptu Collaboration (1) A set of co-located autonomous entities that

can impromptu communicate, collaborateith h thwith each other

– Collaboration occurs between individuals who sharecommon interests, activities, tasks and goals

Collaborating parties interact to mutuallyprovide each other services and resources o


provide each other services and resources otheir reciprocal interest

Psychological, anthropological, aesthetic considerations…

Impromptu Collaboration (2)Impromptu Collaboration (2) Collaboration is likely to occur while usersare occupied in different activities

It i ft t ibl t tt ti– It is often not possible to assume user attention

– Collaborative service response time is often constrained

User interaction are difficult to plan– Collaboration typically can occur between new and


– Collaboration typically can occur between new and previously unknown partners

– Interaction have variable length

– Interactions are guided by common interests andactivities

Impromptu Collaboration (3)Impromptu Collaboration (3)

Highly Dynamic Nature of MANETs– Frequent Host Connections and Disconnections

– Frequent Network Partitions and Merges

– Wireless medium-related issues

– Hidden/exposed terminal problem, grey zones, …

Heterogeneous Characteristics of Collaborating P ti


Parties– Impossibility to make assumption on user devicenature and capabilities

– Resource scarcity

Our ApproachOur Approach

Available Social Computing Application for Pervasive Environments

B ilt t f N t k L– Built on top of Network Layer

– Provide Support Only for Specific Applications

– Hard to re-use in different scenarios

– Love-Gety, Proxy-Lady, Social-Net, …

Need for a middleware solution to


– Address social network management details (e.g., matchmaking support for social network formation, representation of user characteristics, …)

– Address technical challenges (e.g., heterogeneity in terminals, disconnections, user location/tracking…)

The SAMOA FrameworkThe SAMOA Framework Socially-Aware MObile Architecture

– Supports the creation of any-where, any-time semantic socialnetwork that groups together mobile users in reciprocalnetwork that groups together mobile users in reciprocal physical proximity and show commonalities (e.g. similar interests, activities)

– Social networks in SAMOA are centered around the user (ego-centric social network)

–Social networks reflect all past and present socially-relevantencounters of the user


encounters of the user

Context-Awareness in SAMOA– Place-Awareness: visibility of the place where the user is located

– Profile-Awareness: visibility of place activities, and user attribute, interests, activities, …

The SAMOA ModelThe SAMOA Model

1 hop2 hops


2 Hops Locality1 hop

2 hops

The SAMOA ModelThe SAMOA Model

Place 1Place 2

Manager 1

Manager 2Client 1 Client 2

Client 3

Client 4


2 Hops Locality1 hop

2 hops

Metadata ModelMetadata Model

<profile:Place <profile:User rdf:ID=“Alice”>

<profile:Userrdf:ID=“BookVendor”>Id

rdf:ID=“Bookshop”>...<profile:id>

...

<profile:activity>...

Ac

tivi

tyId

...<profile:_id>...

<profile:activity>...

<profile:act pref>

Ac

tId

ef

...<profile:id>...

<profile:preference>...</profile:User>

Pre

fere

nce

Discovery Profile


</profile:Place><profile:act_pref>...

</profile:User>

Pre

Place ProfileUser Profile

Discovery Profile

Social Network Extraction Social Network Extraction ModelModel

BookshopÕs PlaceClient 2

Client 5

Client 6Client 3

Client 1

placeÕs clients<owl:Class rdf:ID=ŅBookshopÓ> ... <profile:id> ... <profile:activity> ...

BookshopÕs Place Profile

Id

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Client 2

Client 4

Client 5

Client 6

Client 4

eligible members

Client 1 <owl:subClassOf> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty

rdf:resource=Ņ Ó/> <owl:someValuesFrom

rdf:resource=Ņ&activities;ShoppingÓ/> </owl:Restriction> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty

rdf:resource=Ņ Ó/> <owl:someValuesFrom

rdf:resource=Ņ&activities;ReadingÓ/> </owl:Restriction> ...

<owl:Class rdf:ID=ŅBookVendorÓ> ...

<profile:id>

BookshopÕs Discovery Profile

Act

ivit

y


place-dependentsocial network

Client 2Client 5

<profile:id> ... <profile:preference> ... <owl:Class rdf:ID=Ņ <owl:subClassOf> <owl:Restriction> <owl:onProperty rdf:resource=Ņ > <owl:someValuesFrom

rdf:resource=Ņ&shopping;Book"/> </owl:Restriction> </owl:subClassOf> </owl:Class>

IdP

refe

ren

ce

Semantic Matchmaking AlgorithmsSemantic Matchmaking Algorithms

Place Activities

User Activities

Manager Preferences

Filtered User Preferences

f h ( ffor each (place_acti, user_actj)

place_acti user_actj

if success

Semantic Matching Algorithm 1

select user_actjprofile part

for each (manager_prefi, user_prefj)

manager_prefi user_prefj

success/fail

Semantic Matching Algorithm 2


Yes

Not an eligible member

No

No

Yes

Not a member

User is a member of the Manager Social

Network

profile part

Is selected user profile

empty?

Semantic Compatibility?

Semantic Matchmaking AlgorithmsSemantic Matchmaking Algorithms

Semantic social matchmaking algorithms can recognize different semantic relationships on the basis of the subclass relationships defined inbasis of the subclass relationships defined in activities/preferences ontologies. User activities and preferences can be

– an instance of the activity/preference class in manager’s place or discovery profile (exact case)

an instance of a more generic activity/preference class in


– an instance of a more generic activity/preference class in manager’s place or discovery profile (subsumes case)

– an instance of a more specialized activity/preference class in manager’s place or discovery profile (plug-in case)

Social Networks in SAMOASocial Networks in SAMOA

Place-dependent Social Network

– reflects the set of members of manager’s social network in the same placesame place

Global Social Network– persistently records the whole set of place-dependent social networks dynamically created over time as the manager moves across places


SAMOA ArchitectureSAMOA Architecture

Socially-Aware Applications

SAMOA Social Network Management LayerSAMOA Social Network Management Layer

Profile Manager (PM)Semantic Matching

Engine (SME)

Place-dependentSN Manager (PSNM)

GlobalSN Manager (GSNM)

SAMOA Basic Service Layer


JVM-OS-HW-Network

Message Transport Manager

Location/Proximity Manager

SAMOA Basic Service Layer

SAMOA Service InteractionSAMOA Service Interaction

PSNM SME PM L/PM MTMGSNM PM SMEL/PMMTM

Manager Client

PSNM GSNM

Send placeadvertisement

Broadcast placeadvertisement

Notify placeavailability

Forward placeadvertisement

Send entityadvertisement

Broadcast placeadvertisement

Forward entityadvertisement

PP RequestForward PPrequest

Notify PP request

Return PP Forward PP Forward PP

Profile filteringrequest

Returnfiltered UPprofile

Filter UPaccording toreceived PP

Forward filtered UPForwardfiltered UP

Forwardfiltered UP

Verify semanticcompatibility between

li tÕ UP d

Profilematchingrequest

Profile


clientÕs UP andmanagerÕs DP

Profilematchingresponse

Include Client in bothPlace-dependent andGlobal Social Networks

SAMOA Experimental EvaluationSAMOA Experimental Evaluation


Social Matchmaking Algorithm Social Matchmaking Algorithm EvaluationEvaluation

Settings

– 64 entities. Up to 2 activities in user/discovery profiles

Recall– the extent to which all socially related individuals are included in the network (by avoiding false negatives)

–Recall is optimal because our algorithm is complete

Precision


– the extent to which only socially related individuals are included in the network (by avoiding false positives)

– Good level of precision, because the algorithm can look for manager specified preference values only in the semantically correct activity type, thus reducing false positives

ConclusionsConclusions Supporting Social Computing in Pervasive

Environment is a challenging task

Middl l l t ff i t ti Middleware-level support can offer interesting opportunities to leverage the development of new social computing services and applications

We are currently validating our support in different application scenario


pp

We are starting to investigate security concerns stemming from social computing applications for pervasive environments

SAMOA DistributionSAMOA Distribution

Freely available upon request

S OThe distribution includes the SAMOA middleware along with an emulation environment that simplifies development and experimentation of social applications in Pervasive Environments

We are more than happy to share our solution within the


research community

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements


FIRB TOCAI.IT Project “Knowledge-Oriented Technologies for Enterprise Aggregation in

INTERNET Environments”

Questions?


PSNM SME PM L/PM MTMGSNM

Manager

Send place advertisement

Broadcast plaadvertisemen

Broadcast padvertiseme

Forward entity advertisement

Forward Prequest

Notify PP request


q

Return PP Forward P

Forward filtered UP

Forward filtered UP

Verify semantic compatibility between

client’s UP and manager’s DP

Profile matching request

Profile matching

samoa: socially-aware mobile architecturepitt.edu/~dtipper/2011/slides4_09.pdf · the samoa...

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