Sandvik Steel

Sandvik Steel

High alloyed stainlessSteel wireFor heavy duty slickline/wirelineoperations

Bertil Waldén

Sandvik Steel

Typical wireline unit

Sandvik Steel

Mechanicalrequirements inlet data

Wire length 25 000 ft (7600 m)Tensile strength 1500 MPaElastic Modulus 185 000 MPaRecommended Safe load 75% of tensile strength = 1125 Mpa

Sandvik Steel

Mechanicalrequirements elongation

As the load components are working on different lengths we canassume the worst case simulating a Jarring operation at 25000 ftdepth with a 0.125" line.Weight of wire = 7600 x 63.8 = 485 kgStress induced by weight of wire = 600 MPaAllowable pulling stress = 1125-600 =525 MPaTension induced by weight of wire is given by:

σσσσ = E * εεεε

εεεε weight = 600/185 000 = 0.0032 = 0.32 %.

Sandvik Steel

Mechanicalrequirements elongation (cont)

Weight center is on 50% of wire length, giving the stretchinduced by wire weight is 0.0032 x 25 000/2 = 40 ftElongation induced by the maximum pulling force is525/185 000 = 0.28%0.28%/100 x 25 000 ft =70 ft or 21 m.

Sandvik Steel

Fatigue limit – duplexLCF SAF 2507

Strain range (∆ε/2)

No of reversals to failure (2Nf)

0 .00 1

0 .1

0 .01

1000 10000010000

P la s tic s train ra teTo tal

Sandvik Steel

Influence of Sheave diameter! Strain range (∆ε∆ε∆ε∆ε/2) = Wire diameter/(Wirediameter +

Sheave diameter)

! The bigger sheave diameter the smaller ∆ε∆ε∆ε∆ε/2 and thelonger life time or bigger Numbver of cycles to failure

Sandvik Steel

Stress at outer fibre of wireversus pulley wheel diameter

σ = E.d

d+D

Sandvik Steel

Stress distribution in wire

Sandvik Steel

Fatigue testing

Sandvik Steel

Plastic strain at outer fibre

Wire dim Plastic strain of outer fiber (Rp0.2=1540 Mpa)

0.092" 0.7 %0.108" 0.8 %0.125 " 1.0 %.

Wire dim Plastic strain of outer fiber (Rp0.2=1275 Mpa)

0.092" 0.85 %0.108" 1.0 %0.125 " 1.19 %.

Sandvik Steel

Wireline program

Alloy Designation %Cr %Ni %Mo %N Other PRE Tensile strength Corrosion resistance

5R10 AISI 304 18.5 8.5 – 0,07 – 18.5 1650 For sweet wells

5R60 AISI 316 17 11 2.6 – – 25.6 1500 For wells with less severe conditions

2RK66 AISI 904L 20 25 4.5 – Cu=1.5 34.85 1400 For medium sour wells

SAF 2205 UNS S31803 22 5.5 3.2 0.18 – 35.44 1700 High tensile for CO2 wells with low H2S

Sanicro 41 Alloy 825 20 38.5 2.6 – Ti=0.7, 28.6 1300 Low tensile for sour wellsCu=1.7

Sanicro 26 UNS N08926 20 25 6.5 0.2 Cu = 1.0 1585 High Tensile for sour wells

Sanicro 28 UNS N08028 27 30.5 3.4 – Cu=1.0 38.22 1500 High tensile for sour wells

Sandvik Steel

Sandvik Steel

Influence of alloyingelements on pitting resistance

Element Influence

Chromium Increases the stability of the passive film

Molybdenum Increases the stability of the passive film. Reduces the dissolution rate of metal in the pit which leads to better repassivation properties

Nitrogen Increases the pitting resistance by increasing the pH in the pit by the formation of ammonia. Thisleads to better repassivation properties.

Sandvik Steel

Corrosion potential ofvarious seawater environments

Environment Corrosion potential (mv SCE)

Chlorinated seawater 600Seawater with bacterial activity 300(<35 C*)Seawater without bacterial activity 150

*Bacterial activity ceases at a certain temperature

Sandvik Steel

CPT for various alloys in neutralchloride solutions 300 mV SCE.

Critical Pitting of various temperature inneutral chloride solutions 300 mVSCE.(2)

Sandvik Steel

Critical pittingtemperature as a function of pH.

CPT in 3% NaCl with varying pH at 600mV SCE. (2)

Sandvik Steel

Pitting potentials of various alloysas a function temp of temperature

Pitting potentials in 3% NaCl, pH about6. Scan rate = 20Mv/min

Sandvik Steel

Stress corrosioncracking resistance

SCC resistance in oxygen-bearing(about8ppm) neutral chloride solutionssolutions. Testing time: 1000 hours.Applied stress equal to yield strength attesting time. The curve for AISI 304/304Land 316/316L is based on experimentaldata and practical experience.

Sandvik Steel

H2S resistance ofSAF 2205 and Sanicro 28

Constant-load SCC tests in cidified aqueoussolution. Stress = 0.2 yield strength at testingtemperature = 90°C (194°F. Testing time 500hours. Sanicro 28 and SAF 2205 tested inthe cold.-worked condition, AISI 420quenched and tempered.

Sandvik Steel

Effect of pH on H2Sresistance of SAF2205

Atmospheric pressure SCC tests of 17% coldworked SAF 2205 in 5% NaCI at different pHvalues, different partial pressures of H2S, andtemperatures of up to 90 C (194 F).Stress = Rp 0.2 at testing temperature. Testingtime = 500 hours. Closed symbols denotefailure, open symbols no failure.

Sandvik Steel

SCC resistance ofSAF2205 in H2S environment

High pressure SCC tests of ∼50% coldworked SAF 2205 in 5 and 15%NaCl with a partial pressure of CO2 equalto 7 Mpa (1000 psi) at temperatures betweenRT and 260 C (500F). Stress = R p0.2 attesting temperature. Testing time 500 = hours.

Sandvik Steel

SCC resistance ofSanicro 28 in H2S environment

High pressure SCC tests of 50% to 60% coldworked Sanicro 28 in 5 and 15%NaCl with a partial pressure of CO2 equalto 7 Mpa (1000 psi) at temperatures betweenRT and 260 C (500F). Stress = R p0.2 attesting temperature. Testing time 500 = hours.

Sandvik Steel

Equivalent pH linesfor H2S/CO2 in sea water 25°C

Equivalent pH lines for H2S/CO2 containingsynthetic see water. According to reference 1.

100 kPa = 14.5 psi at 25°

Sandvik Steel

Equivalent pH lines forH2S/CO2 in sea water 100°C

Equivalent pH lines for H2S/CO2 containingsynthetic see water. According to reference 1.

100 kPa = 14.5 psi at 100°

Sandvik Steel

Sanicro 28

100

500

1000

15002000

20001500

1000500

0

0

150

200

250

Temp (C)

H2S (psi)CO2 (psi)

Sandvik Steel

UK-Liverpool BaySanicro 28Production tubing7”x0.362”; 8400ft; FOXDelivered in 1998.

Well conditionsH2S 100 psiCO2 50 psiCl– 0-6%BHP 1,600 psiBHT 100°F

Sandvik Steel

Laboratory environment

Laboratory environment

NaCl = 25%HAC = 0.5%H2S = SaturationpH = 3.0-3.5

Sandvik Steel

H2S resistanceas a function of Ni content

Effect of equivalent Ni (Ni+Co)on SCC resistance of wirelinematerials in laboratoryenvironment

Sandvik Steel

Field environment

Field environment

H2S = 11%CO2 = 40%Cl- = 20.6%

Sandvik Steel

H2S resistanceas a function of Ni content

Effect of equivalent Ni (Ni+Co)on SCC resistance of wirelinematerials in field environment

Sandvik Steel

Influence ofCr and Ni on H2S resistance

Alloy Condition Specimen 5% NaCl + 0.5% HAc + 0.7MPa 25% NaCl + 0.5% HAc + 0.7 MPaH2S + 0.7 MPa H2S + 0.7 MPaCO2 at 177°C (350°F) * CO2 at 232°C (450°F) *

25Cr-13Ni-1Mo Mill-annealed C-ring 1/1 1/125Cr-13Ni-3Mo NMill-annealed U-bend 2/2 1/120Cr-18Ni-6Mo Mill-annealed U-bend 1/1 1/120Cr-25i-6Mo Mill-annealed U-bend 2/2 1/120Cr-25Ni-6Mo Cold-worked C-ring 2/2 1/5Sanicro 28 Cold-worked C-ring 0/2 0/5''(27Cr-31Ni-3.5Mo)

Number of specimens failed/number of specimens tested

**Two specimens exposed for 7 days, 1 for 14 days, 2 for 30 days

Sandvik Steel

Wireline program

Alloy Designation %Cr %Ni %Mo %N Other PRE Tensile strength Corrosion resistance

5R10 AISI 304 18.5 8.5 – 0,07 – 18.5 1650 For sweet wells

5R60 AISI 316 17 11 2.6 – – 25.6 1500 For wells with less severe conditions

2RK66 AISI 904L 20 25 4.5 – Cu=1.5 34.85 1400 For medium sour wells

SAF 2205 UNS S31803 22 5.5 3.2 0.18 – 35.44 1700 High tensile for CO2 wells with low H2S

Sanicro 41 Alloy 825 20 38.5 2.6 – Ti=0.7, 28.6 1300 Low tensile for sour wellsCu=1.7

Sanicro 26 UNS N08926 20 25 6.5 0.2 Cu = 1.0 1585 High Tensile for sour wells

Sanicro 28 UNS N08028 27 30.5 3.4 – Cu=1.0 38.22 1500 High tensile for sour wells

Sandvik Steel

MaterialSelectionGuideGiven data:CO2 in gas

H2S in gas

Cl– or NaCl in water

Shut in surfacepressure

Temperature of water

2 50

5 01 001 502 00

Temp.(°C)

NO

YES

YES

YES

NO

NO

PCO2 >30 psi

Cl-(%)

PH2S<1.5 psi

15Cr

13Cr

Sanicro 28

SAF 22CrSAF 25Cr

20

10

10

5

PH2S>0.3 psi

100 150 200

NaCl(%)

PH2S (psi)1.5 15 150 1500

Temp. (°C)

Low alloy steel

Sandvik Steel

Wireline program

Alloy Designation %Cr %Ni %Mo %N Other PRE Tensile strength Corrosion resistance

5R10 AISI 304 18.5 8.5 – 0,07 – 18.5 1650 For sweet wells

5R60 AISI 316 17 11 2.6 – – 25.6 1500 For wells with less severe conditions

2RK66 AISI 904L 20 25 4.5 – Cu=1.5 34.85 1400 For medium sour wells

SAF 2205 UNS S31803 22 5.5 3.2 0.18 – 35.44 1700 High tensile for CO2 wells with low H2S

Sanicro 41 Alloy 825 20 38.5 2.6 – Ti=0.7, 28.6 1300 Low tensile for sour wellsCu=1.7

Sanicro 26 UNS N08926 20 25 6.5 0.2 Cu = 1.0 1585 High Tensile for sour wells

Sanicro 28 UNS N08028 27 30.5 3.4 – Cu=1.0 38.22 1500 High tensile for sour wells