SANITORY ARRANGEMENT

DURING A TEMPORARY

GATHERING.

SONIA.

S

III

MBBS

Why there is a need for

proper sanitary arrangement

during a temporary

gathering???

Mass gathering

Risk of spread of communicable diseases

Risk of accidents like stampede ,fire

accidents,etc

Factors to be taken into

consideration

Water supply

Food safety

Excreta disposal

Solid waste disposal

Heath care and medical facilities

Housing

WATER SUPPLY

Water supply in regard to sanitation is very much important since people are commonly affected by water borne diseases like cholera and dysentery.

Enough supply of clean water for drinking and other utilities should be made available.

New wells must be dug before the opening of the fare , Existing tanks and wells must be treated with bleaching powder daily.

The disinfected water should be filtered and stored properly in clean water tanks.

Water supply of maha kumbh mela in India.

• The uttar pradesh government forms a jalboard,which was responsible for supplying clean water to the pilgrims.

• The board provided 24 hours supply of clean water on an average of 45liters per person.

• The supplied water was periodically tested by ORTHOLIDINE TEST at 6 random sites.

• The jal board also constructed the retention pool to make sure that the sewage did not pollute the water.

Examples help us understand

better!!!

FOOD SAFETY

Arrangements should be made for supply of clean and wholesome food at a reasonable price.

Sanitary inspector should examine milk,fish and other food and see that these food should be kept clean.

All the prepared food should be covered.

Food handlers should be instructed to maintain cleanliness.

Place of cooking or serving should not be near the sewage , toilet ,etc.

Clean water should be used for preparation of food.

Waste generated should be disposed properly.

EXCRETA DISPOSAL

Importance of excreta disposal

Human excreta is a source of infection.

Environmental pollution-soil and water.

Contamination of food.

Propagation of flies.

The resulting diseases are

Typhoid and paratyphoid

Dysenteries and diarrhoeas

Cholera

Parasitic infestations-hook worm and ascariasis

Viral hepatitis

Other intestinal infections

HOW ARE DISEASES

CARRIED FROM EXCRETA???

Latrines suitable for temporary

events. Shallow trench latrines

Deep trench latrines

Pit latrines

Bore hole latrine

Mobile toilets

SHALLOW TRENCH

LATRINE A simple trench is dug with ordinary

tools.

It is 30 cm wide

90-150cm deep

3-3.5meters(for 100 people).

Separate trenches should be provided

for male and female.

People should be instructed to cover

faeces with earth each time they use the

laterine.

However instructions may not be carried out and it is necessary to post sweepers.

Ablution water must be provided.

The shallow trench is a rudimentary arrangement for short period(up to 1 wk)

When the trench is filled to 30 cm below the ground level it is covered and compacted

It must be heaped above the ground level and new trench must be dug.

DEEP TRENCH LATRINE

This type of latrine is intended for

camps of longer duration.

The trench is 1.8-2.5m deep and 75-

90cms wide.

Seat or a squatting plate is provided

A super structure is build for privacy

and protection.

BOREHOLE LATRINE

Introduced in India by Rockfeller

foundation in 1930’s as a component

of hookworm control programme.

It consist of circular hole dug 30-40cm

in diameter dug vertically to a depth of

4-8m by an equipment called auger.

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL

An adequate number of stratergically

located garbage containers are

required.

Solid waste needs to be regularly

removed from the site

The number of containers depends

on number of people and the waste

generated.

Consideration should be given to allow

for reuse recycle and composting.

Methods of disposal1. Dumping

2. Controlled tipping

3. Incineration

4. Composting

5. Manual pit

6. Burial

HEALTH CARE AND

MEDICAL FACILITIES

Vaccination- anti cholera vaccines and small pox vaccines are given to shopkeepers and pilgrims

First aid centre should be opened in different sections

In case of any infectious disease ,the patient must be immediately isolated.

Suspect out breaks of any disease must be reported to medical health officer.

Emergency services like ambulance,mobile ICU , etc must be provided.

ACCOMODATION

The area of the fair should be divided into isolated plots and it should me made sure that the lodging houses are free from sickness and kept in proper order.

The area should be planned for roads, shops and temporary sheds for the accommodation of the people

All lodging houses should be registered and a fixed number of lodgers should be accommodated.

Rules should be drawn up for the number of persons accommodated, cleanliness of the premises, protection of water supply

Temporary sheds to be constructed to accommodate extra people.

REFFERENCES

Textbook of social and preventive medicine by park.

http://medcosmospsm.blogspot.in/2008/09/sanitation-of-fairs-and-festivals.html

http://currents.plos.org/disasters/article/managing-the-earths-biggest-mass-gathering

ndma.gov.in/images/pdf/managingcrowdsguide.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25932345