SARCOCYSTOSISSUBMITTED TO :-

Dr.(Mrs) Rajani Joshi

By:- Tara Chand Nayak

COLLEGE OF VETERINARY & ANIMAL SCIENCES,BIKANER

DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH

Sarcocystis is a genus of protozoa. Species in this genus infect reptiles,  birds

and mammals.  The name is dervived from Greek: sarx =

flesh and kystis = bladder. There are about 130 recognised species in

this genus.

The organism was first recognised in a mouse by Miescher in 1843

 sarcocysts were first reported in the muscles of birds by Kuhn in 1865 

HISTORY

Sarcocystis hominis (syn. Sarcocystis bovihominis) has a human-cattle cycle, the enteric infection in humans causing diarrhea, and the cysts in the muscles of cattle having no observable effect.

Sarcocystis lindemanni humans are the intermediate host but the final host is unknown.

Sarcocystis suihominis has a human-pig cycle without pathogenic effects.

DIFFERENT SPECIES

Sarcocystis rileyi cysts occur in the muscles of many species of domestic and wild birds without appearing to cause any ill-effects.

Sarcocystis tenella (syn. Sarcocystis ovicanis) has a dog (coyote, fox)-sheep cycle and causes mortality in lambs if the infection is a heavy one.

Sarcocystis cuniculi cysts found in wild and domesticated rabbits but without apparent pathogenicity in rabbits. It has a cat-rabbit cycle and the macroscopic cysts in cats are pathogenic.

DIFFERENT SPECIES

Definitive

human

S. suihominisS. bovihominis

HOST :

sporozoite gametocytegamete oocyst

sporozoite

General characteristics of the parasite

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF

PARASITE The infective stage is the intermediate

host for sporozoites.

sporozoite

GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC OF PARASITE

The infective stage for the definitive hostis SARCOCYSTIS

SARCOCYSTIS

Sarcocystis bovihominis in muscle

Sarcocystis bovihominis in muscle

CLINICAL SIGNS

In human volunteers, the clinical signs occurred as soon as 3 to 6 hours in the intestinal form, then recurred 14 to 18 days later.

S.suihomonis is more pathogenic than S.hominis.

S.hominis

If humans act as the intermediate host, myositis is the primary syndrome.

Painful muscle swelling has been reported, accompanied by erythema, muscle tenderness, generalized muscle weakness and fever.

Bronchospasm has also been seen.

Other reported symptoms include cough, arthralgia, transient pruritic rashes, headache, malaise, lymphadenopathy and muscle wasting.

Chronic cases can have persistent or recurrent symptoms for up to seven years. Many infections may be asymptomatic.

CLINICAL SIGNS

Intestinal infections can be diagnosed by detecting sporulated sporocysts in the feces, using zinc sulfate flotation.

Sarcocysts may be found in the muscles by microscopic examination of a muscle biopsy.

A CT scan or MRI can sometimes visualize sarcocysts in the muscles.

DIAGNOSIS

A complete blood count, to reveal eosinophilia, may also be helpful.

Serologic tests include ◦ Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test ◦ Immunoblotting.

Immunoblotting may be useful for muscle infections, but is not considered to be valuable for intestinal infections. Serologic tests may not be widely available.

DIAGNOSIS

DIAGNOSIS

Sarcocystosis intestinal

Stool tests(Technical Faust)

History of consumption of raw or undercooked beef

or pork

Because infection is rarely symptomatic, treatment is rarely required. There have been no published trials so treatment remains empirical. Agents that have been used include albendazole, metronidazole and cotrimoxazole for myositis. Corticosteroids have also been used for symptomatic relief.

TREATMENT

Medicine

•Cotrimoxazol•Disrupt the formation of bacterial DNAand RNA

Infection can be prevented by cooking the meat before eating.

Alternatively freezing the meat at -5C for several days before ingestion will kill the sporocysts.

PREVENTION

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