sarf lesson 16

8/13/2019 Sarf Lesson 16

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QURANIC GRAMMARAS-SARF

Morphology of the words

Lesson 16

Lessons from the book

MABADE ALARABIYAH

basics of Arabic GrammarRASHEED SHARTOONI

Compiled by: Sheikh Safdar Razi Ali


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What is a verb? A verb is a word that denotes an action or

state in the past, present or future.

For example:

,I was ,I wrote , (you) write be, I am ,I write

: (he was good)in the past and (hetakes)in the present or future.


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Mojarrad and Mazeed verbs

Verbs with Root letters Any form of a verb that contains ONLY the root letters.

He HitHe Wrote

.Root Verbs with increased lettersThey wroteHe went on strike


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Note: The Mojarrad Verb can have a dhummah, kasra or fatha on

the Ayn of the verb. The Fa and La of the verb must be fatha for past tense.

Past tense verbs are prefixed by the following letters: Seen,

Alif, Laam, Taa, Meem, Wow, Noon Yaa, or Haa

Mojarrad Three Lettered Verb has three forms

Mojarrad Four Lettered Verb has one form:

Falala


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4&5-MOJARRAD and MAZEEDA singular triliteral verb is a triliteral verb that only has

its root letters, without any increased letter is calledMOJARRAD .

For example .((he knewA MAZEED triliteral verb with increased letter to its root

can be as follows:

A. Either one added letter:for example: (he honored) AKRAMA.B. Or two added letters:for example: (he was set free). INTALAQAC. Or three added letters:for example: (he asked for forgiveness).

ISTAGHFARAThe book mentions ten forms of increased (MAZEED)

verbs.


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Mazeed with one letter

If you increase three lettered Mojarrad Verb by

one letter, you can have the following forms:

1. Faala with a shaddah on the AYN of the verb) ) Form: AlimaAllama (Taught)

2. Afala ( ) Form: KaramaAkrama (BecomeGenerous)

3. Faaala ( :)Form ShahadaShaahada(Witness)


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MAZEED with one increased letter There are ten forms of triliteral verbs with increase

letters, we will start with the form of one increasedletter:

There are three forms of triliteral verbs that have oneincrease letter:

A. (FAALA)This is form II Here the second rootletter is doubled. For example: ((he notifiedB. (FAAALA) This is form III. Here an alif is added

to the root. For example: ((he negotiatedC. This is form IV. Here a glottal stop is added to thebeginning of the root. For example: ((he notified


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Mazeed with two letters

If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb by Two letter, you

can have the following 5 forms:

1. Tafaala with SHADDAH on AYN ) )Form:Taallama(He Learned)

2. Tafaaal( ) Form Tashaaraka (Associated) 3. Infaala() Form: InTalaqa & Insarafa (Left)4. Iftaala()Form: Ijtamaa (he met )5. Ifaala with SHADDAH on LAAM ( ) Form:Ihmarra

(Become Red)


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MAZEED with two increased letter

There are five forms of triliteral verbs that have two increaseletters:

A. (TAFAALA)This is form V. Here a t is added and thesecond root letter is doubled. For example: (he acceptedwith strength) ; in respond to a demand strongly

B. (TAFAAALA)This is form VI. Here a t and an alif areadded. For example (he met) ;both parties agreed andinitiated the action

C. (INFAALA)This is form VII. Here a glottal stop and a nn areadded. For example: (it was accepted) :action underinfluence or under pressure

D. (IFTAALA)This is form VIII. Here a glottal stop (HAMZA) anda t are added. For example: (he received) : Action withintention and purpose

E. (EFALLA)This is form IX. Here a glottal stop is added and thelast root letter is doubled. For example: (he become red):transformation to a description


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Mazeed with three letter

If you increase the three lettered Mojarrad Verb byThree letter, you can have the following forms:

1. Istafal( ) Form:Istafsfara (Seeking theMeaning)

2. Ifawala( )Form:Ihdowdaba (Bending) 3. Ifaalla with SHADDAH on LAAM :) Form)Ikdhaarra (Becoming Very Green)


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MAZEED with three increased letter

A. (ISTAFALA)This is form X. Here a glottalstop, sn and t are added. For example: (he asked for forgiveness)

B. (IFAOWALA)This is form XII. Here aglottal stop and a ww are added along with

another second root letter , example: (It was bent outward)

For Form XI is not mentioned in this book


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Four lettered Mazeed with max two

The increase in the Fourlettered Mojarrad Verb by

One or Two letters (A verb cannot exceed 6 letters),will be discussed further when studying the verbs in

detail.


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The infinitives for verbs with increase

letters are as follows

A.

becomes

B. becomes C. becomes D. becomes E. becomes F. becomes G. becomes H. becomes I. becomes J. becomes


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Four letter

K. becomes L. becomes M. becomes


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THE DIVISION OF VERBS INTO

PERFECT, SOUND, AND UNSOUND

A perfect verb is a verb that does not have any

weak letters, glottal stops or doubled letters in

its root. For example: ((he hung,he killed, he hit A sound verb is a verb that either has a glottal

stop or a doubled letter in its root. For

example: ((he extended, he ate


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Reminder A double-letter verb is a verb that has two identical letters

in its root. For example: (he ran away). If A verb that has a glottal stop in its a verb then it is

considered sound. For example: .((he ate A verb truly has a glottal stop or is truly a double-letter verb

when the glottal stop or the two identical letters are in theroot of the verb, not including added letters.

NOTE:A. (INTALAQA) this verb does not have a glottal stop

because its root is . (TALIQA)B. (QADDAMA)this verb is not a double letter verb

because its root is . (QADIMA)C. (QAATALA)This verb is not an unsound verbbecause its root is ((QATILA


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The verbs with vowels MOTAL

(ALIF, WOW or YAA)

There are three types of weak verbs (vowel letters alif, ww oryin its root) :For example:

MOTAL ALAWAL (he jumped) MOTAL ALAWSAT or ALTHANI (he slept) MOTAL ALAAKHIR (he became satisfied)


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Glottal stop (HAMZA of QATA)There are three types of verbs that have a glottal stop in their

root:A. Glottal stop of the first root letter: ((he tookB. Glottal stop of the second root letter: (he asked)C. Glottal stop of the third root letter: (he emerged)


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Strong VerbsStrong verbs have all 3 root letters as consonants.

(Doubled, has Shad-da) The second and third letter arethe same (has Shad-da)

- shook - Returned - Stretched

(Verb with Hamza) One of the root letters is a Hamza - Read - Asked - Took

(Complete) If they do not fit in the above 2 categories, theVerb is a Strong Verb

- Hit


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Definition Weak Verbs

Weak Verbs are categorized by identifying theplacement of the vowel

Beginning (Mithaal) - Found, Gave up hope

Middle (Al-Ajoof - Hollow) - Said

End (Naqis-incomplete) Become close,

- met


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Cluster Verb A verb that has two weak (vowel) letters is

called a cluster verb. There are two kinds ofcluster verbs:

A. A cluster verb that has a weak (vowel) letter

in the first and third root letters.For example: (he completed)

B. A cluster verb that has a weak letter in the

second and third root letters. For example: ((it roasted

sarf lesson 16

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