sarsat.ppt
DESCRIPTION
satellite aided search and rescue ,, take a study tour towards better understandingTRANSCRIPT
REQUIREMENTS OF ATMREQUIREMENTS OF ATM
CAPABLE OF RECEIVING, STORING, CAPABLE OF RECEIVING, STORING, PROCESSING, DISPLAYING AND PROCESSING, DISPLAYING AND DISSEMINATIONDISSEMINATION
ENCOMPASS ALL CONVENTIONAL ENCOMPASS ALL CONVENTIONAL ELEMENTS OF ATS PLUS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTS OF ATS PLUS ADDITIONAL ELEMENTSELEMENTS
DEVELOPMENTSDEVELOPMENTS
ATM - ACHIEVED BY
AIR TRAFFIC
SERVICES
AIR TRAFFIC FLOW
MANAGEMENT
CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK (CPDL)
AUTOMATIC DEPENDENT
SURVEILLANCE (ADS)
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
EFFICIENT USE OF AIRSPACEEFFICIENT USE OF AIRSPACE
IMPROVED INFORMATION EXCHANGEIMPROVED INFORMATION EXCHANGE
ACCOMMODATION OF PREFERRED ACCOMMODATION OF PREFERRED PROFILEPROFILE
SAFER FLYINGSAFER FLYING
IMPROVED ACCURACYIMPROVED ACCURACY
IMPLEMENTATION PLANIMPLEMENTATION PLAN
PH-I : TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATIONPH-I : TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATION
PH-II : INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL PHASEPH-II : INITIAL EXPERIMENTAL PHASE
PH-III : FINAL OPERATIONAL PHASEPH-III : FINAL OPERATIONAL PHASE
HISTORYHISTORY
1970 : CANADA SCIENTISTS PROOVE 1970 : CANADA SCIENTISTS PROOVE TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY1975 : CANADA PREPARES A SARSAT 1975 : CANADA PREPARES A SARSAT PLANPLAN1977:USA & FRANCE JOIN IN1977:USA & FRANCE JOIN IN1980:USSR JOINS IN AND A JOINT 1980:USSR JOINS IN AND A JOINT PROJECT “COSPAS-SARSAT EVOLVESPROJECT “COSPAS-SARSAT EVOLVESSUBSEQUENTLY: FOUR SATELLITES (2 SUBSEQUENTLY: FOUR SATELLITES (2 BY RUSSIA) ARE LAUNCHED.BY RUSSIA) ARE LAUNCHED.
LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONSTHE DISTRESS SIGNAL REQUIRES MONITORINGTHE DISTRESS SIGNAL REQUIRES MONITORINGEXISTING SYSTEM IS ON VHF BAND AND HAS TO EXISTING SYSTEM IS ON VHF BAND AND HAS TO INITIALLY COMMUNICATE ON THE FREQ IN USEINITIALLY COMMUNICATE ON THE FREQ IN USEBEING A VHF COMMUNICATION, LINE OF SIGHT BEING A VHF COMMUNICATION, LINE OF SIGHT RESTRICTS RANGERESTRICTS RANGEIN HF BAND THE STATIC EFFECT AND POOR IN HF BAND THE STATIC EFFECT AND POOR DIRECTIONAL STABILITY RESTRICTS ITS USEDIRECTIONAL STABILITY RESTRICTS ITS USEVHF BEING A LINE OF SIGHT TERRAIN CAUSES VHF BEING A LINE OF SIGHT TERRAIN CAUSES OBSTRUCTIONOBSTRUCTION
BASIC PRINCIPLEBASIC PRINCIPLE
1. SARSAT LOCATES BEACON IN DISTRESS, ON LAND, SEA OR AIR , BY USE OF NEAR POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES AT AN ALTITUDE OF 1000 KMs, WITH A NETWORK OF GROUND STATIONS.
2. THE RELATIVE VELOCITY BETWEEN THE SATELLITE AND THE BEACON CARRIED BY THE VEHICLE IN DISTRESS, CREATES A DOPPLER SHIFT THAT DETERMINES THE BEACON LOCATION.
3. THE BEACON LOCATION IS COMMUNICATED TO SAR FORCES BY THE GROUND STATIONS.
RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER SHIFTSHIFT
TIME
DOPPLER
SHIFT fd
BEACON CLOSESTTO SATELLITE
fd=VCos . f /c
BEACON AT LESSER CHLONG
BEACON VERTICALLY BELOW SATELLITE
SINCE THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IN SINCE THE ONLY DIFFERENCE IN THREE CURVES IS THEIR SLOPE, THREE CURVES IS THEIR SLOPE, TAKING CURVE OF BEACON TAKING CURVE OF BEACON VERTICALLY BELOW THE SATELLITE, VERTICALLY BELOW THE SATELLITE, AS A REFERENCE, SLOPES OF OTHER AS A REFERENCE, SLOPES OF OTHER BEACON CURVES GIVE A DIRECT BEACON CURVES GIVE A DIRECT INDICATION OF CHLONG OF THE INDICATION OF CHLONG OF THE BEACONS.BEACONS.
RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER RESOLUTION BY DOPPLER SHIFTSHIFT
SYSTEM COMPONENTSSYSTEM COMPONENTS
EMERGENCY BEACON : BATTERY OPERATED, 24 HRS CONTINUOUS OPERATION AT MIN SPECIFIED TEMPERATURE.
METHOD OF ACTIVATION
. ELT : EMERGENCY LOCATORTRANSMITTER – CARRIED BY ACs ,ACTIVATED BY IMPACT ON CRASH.• EPIRB : EMERGENCY POSITIONINDICATING RADIO BEACON –CARRIED BYSHIPS , ACTIVATED ON FLOATATION.
SYSTEM COMPONENTSSYSTEM COMPONENTS
FOUR POLAR SATELLITES ALTITUDE - 1000KMs COUNTRIES - CANADA, USA,
FRANCE ( 1975) & USSR- ( 1980 )
(COSPAS – SARSAT ) SARSAT LUTs
LOCAL USER TERMINALS RECEIVE THE SATELLITE SIGNAL, PROCESS & COMPUTE THE EMERGENCY BEACON POSITION, FOR ONWARD PASSING TO THE MASTER CONTROL CENTRE.
SYSTEM COMPONENTSSYSTEM COMPONENTS OTHER GROUND STATIONS
MCCs - MASTER CONTROL CENTRES
RCCs - RESCUE COORDINATIONCENTRES. SAR FORCES - AIR, SEA & LAND
FORCESDESIGNATED BY APPROPRIATE AUTHORITYFOR RESCUE OPERATIONS, BOTH CIVILIAN &MILITARY.
FREQUENCIES USED : 121.5 MHz, 243 MHz.GRADUAL CHANGE OVER TO 406.025 MHz IN THE DISTRESS BAND OF 406- 406.1 MHz - HAS DIGITAL MODULATION FOR BEACON IDENTITY.
SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONSSEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS
ELT /
EPIRB
LUT
MCCRCC
SAR
LIMITATIONSLIMITATIONS
• A PERIOD OF TIME VARYING BETWEEN 1-2 HRS, WHEN NO SATELLITE WILL BE IN FIELD OF VIEW OF AN ELT / EPIRB.
• USE OF A GEO- STATIONARY SATELLITE WILL ENSURE CONTINUOUS COVERAGE, BUT NO DOPPLER INFORMATION.
• USE OF 406 MHz DISTRESS BEACONS’ DIGITAL MODULATION CAN PROVIDE BEACON IDENTITY.
SARSAT NETWORK IN INDIASARSAT NETWORK IN INDIA• SAR SERVICES IN INDIA ARE ORGANISED BY
AAI IN ACCORDANCE TO ICAO ANNEX -12 ,IN COLLABORATION WITH THE MoD.
• IT IS MoD’S RESPONSIBILITY TO MAKE NECESSARY FACILITIES AVAILABLE.
• 05 SAR REGIONS WHOSE BOUNDARIES COINCIDE WITH FIR BOUNDARIES.
• A RCC EACH FOR EACH SAR REGION IS ESTABLISHED AT FICs – DELHI, CHENNAI, CALCUTTA, GUWAHTI & MUMBAI.
SARSAT NETWORK IN INDIASARSAT NETWORK IN INDIA• A RESCUE SUB CENTRE EACH AT COCHIN
(CHENNAI FIR ) AND UDHAMPUR ( DELHI FIR )• LUTs ARE AT BANGALORE AND LUCKNOW• MCC, CO-LOCATED WITH LUT AT
BANGALORE.• MCC PASSES INFO TO RELEVANT FIR &
TRANSMITS TO RCC AUTOMATICALLY BY TELEX.• IAF RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCT OF SAR OPS
FOR MILITARY AC BESIDES BEING PART OF OVERALL SAR OPS FOR THE NATION.
THANKYOUTHANKYOU